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Jhang Maghiana ... jnana

Jhang Maghiana: city consisting of twin towns, headquarters of Jhang Maghiana District, Sargodha Division, Punjab Province, Pakistan, just east of the Chenab River. Maghiana lies on the edge of the highlands overlooking ...
Jhansi: city, southwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, at a major road and rail junction. The main city, which is enclosed by a wall, arose around a fort built in 1613 ...
Jharia: city and coalfield in southern Bihar state, eastern India. The coalfield lies in the Damodar Valley, covers about 110 square miles (280 square km), and produces bituminous coal suitable for ...
Jhelum: town, Punjab province, northeastern Pakistan. The town lies just west of the Jhelum River (there bridged by both road and rail) and is connected by rail and the Grand Trunk ...
Jhelum River: river, westernmost of the five rivers in the Punjab that ultimately drain into the Indus River in Pakistan.
Jhering, Rudolf von: German legal scholar, sometimes called the father of sociological jurisprudence. He developed a philosophy of social utilitarianism that, in emphasizing the needs of society, differed from the individualist approach of ...
Jhunjhunu: city, northeastern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It is a local trade centre for wool, cattle, hides, and gram (chick-pea). The city's major industries include a dye factory and woolen mills. ...
Ji Kang: Chinese Daoist philosopher, alchemist, and poet who was one of the most important members of the free-spirited, heavy-drinking Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, a coterie of poets and philosophers ...
jia: type of ancient Chinese vessel used for holding or heating wine and for pouring wine into the ground during a memorial ceremony.
Jia Xian: mathematician and astronomer active at the beginning of the greatest period of traditional Chinese mathematics.
jiaguwen: pictographic script found on oracle bones, it was widely used in divination in the Shang dynasty (c. 18th-12th century BC).
jian: type of ancient Chinese bronze vessel having a large, deep bowl with a heavy rim that is meant to contain water or ice.
Jian ware: dark brown or blackish Chinese stoneware made for domestic use chiefly during the Song dynasty (960-1279) and into the early 14th century. Jian ware was made in Fujian province, first ...
Jiang Qing: Wade-Giles Chiang Ch'ing, stage name Lan Ping, original name Luan Shumeng third wife of Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong and the most influential woman in the People's Republic of China ...
Jiang Zemin: Chinese official who was general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP; 1989-2002) and president of China (1993-2003).
jib: in sailing ships, triangular sail rigged to a stay extending from the foremast, or foretopmast, to the bowsprit or to a spar, the jibboom, that is an extension of the ...
Jibril: in Islam, the archangel who acts as intermediary between God and man and as bearer of revelation to the prophets, most notably, to Muhammad. In biblical literature Gabriel is the ...
jicama: (species Pachyrhizus erosus, or P. tuberosus), leguminous vine native to Mexico and Central and South America, grown for its edible tuberous root. The plant's irregularly globular, brown-skinned tubers are white-fleshed, ...
Jicaque: Indians of the northwest coast of Honduras. Their culture is similar to that of the Sumo and Miskito of northeastern Nicaragua. The Jicaque are an agricultural people, growing sweet manioc ...
Jicarilla Apache: North American Indian tribe of the Eastern Apache group (see Apache). In the late 20th century about 2,300 Jicarilla Apache lived on or near the Jicarilla federal reservation in north-central ...
Jiddah: city and major port in central Hejaz region, western Saudi Arabia. It lies along the Red Sea west of Mecca. The principal importance of Jiddah in history is that it ...
Jien: posthumous name Jichen learned Buddhist monk and poet who became the first great Japanese historian.
Jifarah, al-: coastal plain of northern Africa, on the Mediterranean coast of extreme northwestern Libya and of southeastern Tunisia. Roughly semicircular, it extends from Qabis (Gabes), Tunisia, to about 12 miles (20 ...
jig: folk dance, usually solo, that was popular in Scotland and northern England in the 16th and 17th centuries and in Ireland since the 18th century. It is an improvised dance ...
Jigawa: state, northern Nigeria. It was created from the northeastern half of Kano state in 1991. Jigawa borders the Republic of Niger to the north and the Nigerian states of Yobe ...
Jigoku: in Japanese Buddhism, hell, a region popularly believed to be composed of a number of hot and cold regions located under the Earth. Jigoku is ruled over by Emma-o, the ...
jigsaw puzzle: any set of varied, irregularly shaped pieces that, when properly assembled, form a picture or map. The puzzle is so named because the picture, originally attached to wood and later ...
jihad: ("struggle," or "battle"), a religious duty imposed on Muslims to spread Islam by waging war; jihad has come to denote any conflict waged for principle or belief and is often ...
Jihlava: city, Jihomoravsky kraj (region), south-central Czech Republic. It lies in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, along the Jihlava River. From about 1240, its prosperity rested on its silver mines. A royal mint ...
Jihocesky: kraj (region), southern Czech Republic. It is bordered on the north by Stredocesky and Vychodocesky kraje, on the east by Jihomoravsky kraj, on the south by Austria, on the southwest ...
Jihomoravsky: kraj (region), southeastern Czech Republic. Bordered by Jihocesky kraj to the west, Vychodocesky and Severomoravsky kraje to the north, Slovakia to the east, and Austria to the south, it has ...
Jijel: town and roadstead port, northeastern Algeria, on the Mediterranean seacoast and the western edge of the Collo Kabylie region. The city of Jijel, originally a Phoenician trading post, passed successively ...
Jili, al-: in full 'abd Al-karim Qutb Ad-din Ibn Ibrahim Al-jili mystic whose doctrines of the "perfect man" became popular throughout the Islamic world.
Jim Crow law: in U.S. history, any of the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of the formal Reconstruction period in 1877 and the beginning of a strong ...
Jim Thorpe: borough (town), seat of Carbon county, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Lehigh River, in a valley of the Pocono Mountains, 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Allentown. It was created ...
Jima: town, southwestern Ethiopia, 220 miles (353 km) by road southwest of Addis Ababa. It lies at an elevation of 5,740 feet (1,750 m) in a forested region known for its ...
Jimani: city, southwestern Dominican Republic. It is situated in a hilly region between the western shore of Lake Enriquillo and the Haitian border. The city is a trade centre for the ...
Jimenez de Cisneros, Francisco, Cardenal: (Cardinal) prelate, religious reformer, and twice regent of Spain (1506, 1516-17). In 1507 he became both a cardinal and the grand inquisitor of Spain, and during his public life he ...
Jimenez de Quesada, Gonzalo: Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that won the region of New Granada (Colombia) for Spain.
Jimenez, Juan Ramon: Spanish poet awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1956.
Jimeta: town, Adamawa state, eastern Nigeria. It lies on the south bank of the Benue River, and on the highway between Zing and Girei. Merged with Yola in 1935 by the ...
Jimmu: legendary first emperor of Japan and founder of the imperial dynasty.
jimsonweed: annual, herbaceous, tropical plant (Datura stramonium) of the potato family (Solanaceae) that has become an introduced weed throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. Its juices are poisonous, and it has ...
jinbi shanshui: style of Chinese landscape painting during the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties.
Jind: city, central Haryana state, northwestern India, on road and rail routes to Delhi, 70 miles (110 km) southeast. Another rail line connects it eastward to Panipat. Jind is said to ...
Jindyworobak movement: brief nationalistic Australian literary movement of the 1930s to mid-1940s that sought to promote native ideas and traditions, especially in literature.
Jing Hao: important landscape painter and essayist of the Five Dynasties (907-960) period.
jingle shell: any of several marine invertebrates of the class Bivalvia belonging to the family Anomiidae. In most species of these oysterlike bivalves, one valve (i.e., half) of the shell is closely ...
jingling Johnny: musical instrument consisting of a pole ornamented with a canopy (pavillon), a crescent, and other shapes hung with bells and metal jingling objects, and often surmounted by horsetails. It possibly ...
jingoism: an attitude of belligerent nationalism, the English equivalent of the term chauvinism. The term apparently originated in England during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 when the British Mediterranean squadron was ...
Jingu: semilegendary empress-regent of Japan who is said to have established Japanese hegemony over Korea.
jingxi: popular Chinese theatrical form that developed in the mid-19th century. It incorporated elements of huidiao from Anhui, dandiao from Hubei, and
jinja: in the Shinto religion of Japan, the place where the spirit of a deity is enshrined or to which it is summoned. Historically, jinja were located in places of great ...
Jinja: town, southeastern Uganda, eastern Africa, where the Nile flows out of Lake Victoria, at 3,740 feet (1,140 metres) above sea level. The second largest town in Uganda, it was founded ...
Jinji: site of an almost inaccessible fortress constructed by the Hindu rulers of the Vijayanagar Empire (c. 1347-1642). It is located about 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Madras in the ...
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali: Indian Muslim politician, founder and first governor-general (1947-48) of Pakistan.
jinni: in Arabic mythology, a supernatural spirit below the level of angels and devils. Ghul (treacherous spirits of changing shape), 'ifrit (diabolic, evil spirits), and si'la (treacherous spirits of invariable form) ...
Jinotega: city, north-central Nicaragua. It lies in the central highlands just south of Lake Apanas. The surrounding area is rugged, but its fertile soils produce coffee, tobacco, corn (maize), beans, potatoes, ...
Jinotepe: city, southwestern Nicaragua. It is situated in the Diriamba Highlands at an elevation of 1,867 feet (569 m) above sea level. Given city status in 1883, it was a scene ...
Jinpingmei: the first realistic social novel to appear in China. It is the work of an unknown author of the Ming dynasty, and its earliest extant version is dated 1617. Two ...
Jinshin-no-ran: in Japanese history, war of imperial succession that brought an emperor with a secure military base to the Japanese throne for the first time in history. The war strengthened the ...
Jirajara: Indians of northwestern Venezuela who were extinct by the mid-17th century. The little known about them suggests that they were very similar culturally to the Caquetio (q.v.).
Jirasek, Alois: the most important Czech novelist in the period before World War I, as well as a great national figure.
Jirja: town, Sawhaj muhafazah (governorate), Upper Egypt. It is situated on the west bank of the Nile River, which encroached considerably on the town in the 18th and 19th centuries. In ...
jito: in feudal Japan, land steward appointed by the central military government, or shogunate, whose duties involved levying taxes and maintaining peace within the manor. First appointed at the beginning of ...
jitterbug: exuberant ballroom dance popular in the 1930s and '40s, originating in the United States and spread internationally by U.S. armed forces during World War II. Its original freewheeling acrobatic swings ...
Jiu River: river formed south of Petrosani, southwestern Romania, with the joining of two headstreams rising in the Valcan and Parang mountains. It then flows south, cutting a wild, deep gorge, the ...
jiva: according to the Jaina philosophy of India, "living substance," or "souls," as opposed to ajiva (ajiva), or "nonliving substance."
Jivaro: South American Indian people living in the Montana (the eastern slopes of the Andes), in Ecuador and Peru north of the Maranon River. They speak a language of the Jebero-Jivaroan ...
Jizah, Al-: muhafazah (governorate) of Upper Egypt, on the west bank of the Nile, extending toward the southwest into the Western (Libyan) Desert as far as Al-Wadi al-Jadid governorate. It is bordered ...
Jizah, Al-: city, capital of al-Jizah muhafazah (governorate) of Upper Egypt, located on the west bank of the Nile just south-southwest of Cairo. It is a suburb of the national capital, with ...
Jizera Mountains: part of the Sudeten mountain ranges in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, extending into Poland. It comprises a small group of peaks, though it has the highest point in the Czech ...
Jizera River: tributary of the Elbe (Labe) River in northern Czech Republic. It rises at the southern base of Smrk Mountain on the Polish border, in the Giant (Krkonose) Mountains, and flows ...
jizya: head or poll tax that early Islamic rulers demanded from their non-Muslim subjects.
Jizzax: city, eastern Uzbekistan. The city is located in a small oasis irrigated by the Sanzar River, northeast of Samarkand. One of the most ancient settlements of Uzbekistan, it was situated ...
jnana: ("knowledge"), in Hindu philosophy, knowledge that is a total experience of its object, particularly the supreme being or reality, as contrasted with vijnana, "knowing one thing from another," or "practical ...