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Jeremiah, The Book of ... Jhalawar
Jeremiah, The Book of
one of the major prophetical writings of the Old Testament. Jeremiah, a Judaean prophet whose activity spanned four of the most tumultuous decades in his country's history, appears to have ...
Jeremiah, The Letter of
apocryphal book of the Old Testament, in the Roman canon appended as a sixth chapter to the book of Baruch (itself apocryphal in the Jewish and Protestant canons).
Jeremias II
patriarch of Constantinople and one of the most capable leaders of the Greek Orthodox church.
Jerez de Garcia Salinas
city, south-central Zacatecas estado ("state"), north-central Mexico. Formerly known simply as Jerez, the city is on the Jerez River, 6,650 feet (2,027 m) above sea level and southwest of Zacatecas, ...
Jerez de la Frontera
city, Cadiz provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It lies northeast of Cadiz city and near the north bank of the Guadalete River. Of obscure ...
Jericho
town in the disputed West Bank area occupied by Israel since 1967, on the west side of the Jordan River valley. It is one of the earliest continuous settlements in ...
Jernberg, Sixten
Swedish Nordic skier who won nine Olympic medals in cross-country skiing competition.
Jerne, Niels K.
Danish immunologist who shared the 1984 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Cesar Milstein and Georges Kohler for his theoretical contributions to the understanding of the immune system.
Jerome Of Prague
Czech philosopher and theologian whose advocacy of sweeping religious reform in the Western Church made him one of the first Reformation leaders in central Europe.
Jerome, Chauncey
American inventor and clockmaker whose products enjoyed widespread popularity in the mid-19th century.
Jerome, Jerome K
English novelist and playwright whose humour-warm, unsatirical, and unintellectual-won him wide following.
Jerome, Saint
; feast day September 30, biblical translator and monastic leader, traditionally regarded as the most learned of the Latin Fathers. He lived for a time as a hermit, became a ...
Jerrold, Douglas William
English playwright, journalist, and humorist.
Jersey
largest and southernmost of the Channel Islands, 12 miles (19 km) west of the Cotentin peninsula of France; its capital, St. Helier (q.v.), is 100 miles south of Weymouth, Eng. ...
Jersey
breed of small short-horned dairy cattle originating on Jersey, one of the Channel Islands; it is believed to have descended from French cattle. The colour of the Jersey is usually ...
Jersey Act
resolution passed in 1913 by the English Jockey Club and named after its sponsor, Victor Albert George, 7th Earl of Jersey, one of the club stewards. It declared that the ...
Jersey City
city, seat (1840) of Hudson county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It is situated on a peninsula between the Hudson and Hackensack rivers, opposite Manhattan Island, New York City, with which ...
Jersey Zoological Park
zoo on the island of Jersey, in the British Isles, primarily devoted to keeping and breeding endangered species, especially island forms and small mammals and reptiles. The zoo, situated on ...
Jerusalem
ancient city of the Middle East that since 1967 has been wholly under the rule of the State of Israel.
Jerusalem artichoke
sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus) of the Asteraceae family, native to North America, noted for its edible tubers. The aboveground part of the plant is a coarse, usually multibranched, frost-tender perennial, 2 ...
Jerusalem cricket
any insect of the orthopteran family Stenopelmatidae of about 35 species. It is large, brownish, and awkward and is found in Asia, South Africa, and North and Central America.
Jerusalem Post, The
Israeli English-language daily newspaper established in 1932 as the Palestine Post. It adopted its current name in 1950 and is the largest English-language daily in the country. ...
Jerusalem, Assizes of
a law code based on a series of customs and practices that developed in the Latin crusader kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. It stands as one of the ...
Jerusalem, Council of
a conference of the Christian Apostles in Jerusalem in about AD 50 which decreed that Gentile Christians did not have to observe the Mosaic Law of the Jews. It was ...
Jerusalem, kingdom of
a state formed in 1099 from territory in Palestine wrested from the Muslims by European Christians during the First Crusade and lasting until 1291, when the two surviving cities of ...
Jerusalem, Synod of
(1672), council of the Eastern Orthodox church convened by Dositheos, patriarch of Jerusalem, in order to reject the Confession of Orthodox Faith (1629), by Cyril Lucaris, which professed most of ...
Jerusalem, Temple of
either of two temples that were the centre of worship and national identity in ancient Israel.
Jervis Bay
inlet of the Tasman Sea, southeastern New South Wales, Australia. A broad bay, 10 miles (16 km) by 6 miles (10 km), it is partly enclosed by Point Perpendicular on ...
Jervis, John Bloomfield
American civil engineer who made outstanding contributions in construction of U.S. canals, railroads, and water-supply systems.
Jesenik Mountains
mountain range that forms the eastern section of the Sudeten mountain system in the northern Czech Republic. The range lies in northern Moravia, bordering the Polish frontier. The Hruby (High) ...
Jesi
town and episcopal see, Ancona provincia, Marche regione, east-central Italy. Jesi lies along the Esino River, just southwest of Ancona. The Roman colony of Aesis from 247 BC, it was ...
Jespersen, Otto
Danish linguist and a foremost authority on English grammar. He helped to revolutionize language teaching in Europe, contributed greatly to the advancement of phonetics, linguistic theory, and the history of ...
Jesse
in the Old Testament, the father of King David. Jesse was the son of Ohed, and the grandson of Boaz and Ruth. He was a farmer and sheep breeder in ...
Jessel, George
American comedian, actor, writer, composer, and producer, whose skill as a dinner speaker earned him the honorary title of Toastmaster General of the United States.
Jessel, Sir George
jurist considered one of the greatest English trial judges in equity. It is said that Jessel, as solicitor general (1871-73), was the first professing Jew to hold important governmental office ...
Jessner, Leopold
theatrical producer and director associated with the German Expressionist theatre. His bold innovations in the 1920s gained him an international reputation.
Jessore
city, southwestern Bangladesh, on the Bhairab River. According to tradition its name is a corruption of yasohara ("glory depriving"), as the town is said to have robbed Vikramaditya's 17th-century capital ...
Jesuit
a Roman Catholic order of religious men, founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola, noted for its educational, missionary, and charitable works, once regarded by many as the principal agent of ...
Jesuit drama
program of theatre developed for educational and propagandist purposes in the colleges of the Society of Jesus during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Cultivated as a medium for disseminating ...
Jesuit Estates controversy
in Canadian history, dispute that arose between Protestants and Roman Catholics after the re-establishment of the Jesuit order.
Jesuit ware
Chinese porcelain decorated with European subject matter and made for export to the West during the Qing dynasty in the reign of Qianlong (1736-96). The sources for the decoration were ...
Jesus and Mary Chain, the
British alternative rock band whose landmark debut album, Psychocandy (1985), mixed cheery power-pop melodies with feedback-distorted guitar playing and the drone of sombre lyrics. Influenced by the Sex Pistols and ...
Jesus Christ
founder of Christianity, one of the world's largest religions, and the incarnation of God according to most Christians. His teachings and deeds are recorded in the New Testament, which is ...
Jesus Only
movement of believers within Pentecostalism who hold that true Baptism can only be "in the name of Jesus" rather than in the name of the Trinity. It began at a ...
Jesus prayer
in Eastern Christianity, a mental invocation of the name of Jesus Christ, considered most efficacious when repeated continuously. The most widely accepted form of the prayer is "Lord Jesus Christ, ...
jet engine
any of a class of internal-combustion engines that propel aircraft by means of the rearward discharge of a jet of fluid, usually hot exhaust gases generated by burning fuel with ...
jet stream
any of several long, narrow high-speed air currents that flow eastward in a generally horizontal zone in the stratosphere or upper troposphere. Jet streams are characterized by wind motions that ...
jete
(French jete: "thrown"), ballet leap in which the weight of the dancer is transferred from one foot to the other. The dancer "throws" one leg to the front, side, or ...
Jethro
in the Old Testament, priest of Midian of the Kenite clan, with whom Moses took refuge after he killed an Egyptian and whose daughter Moses married (Exodus 3:1).
jetty
any of a variety of engineering structures connected with river, harbour, and coastal works designed to influence the current or tide or to protect a harbour or beach from waves ...
Jeune Afrique L'intelligent
weekly newsmagazine in the French language that presents news and interpretative and editorial commentary on Africa, especially French-speaking Africa. It is published in Paris and is the preeminent newsmagazine covering ...
Jeune Belgique, La
("Young Belgium"), influential review (1881-97), edited by poet and novelist Max Waller; it gave its name to a literary movement (though never a formal "school") that aimed to express a ...
Jevons, William Stanley
English logician and economist whose book The Theory of Political Economy (1871) expounded the "final" (marginal) utility theory of value. Jevons's work, along with similar discoveries made ...
Jew
any person whose religion is Judaism (q.v.). In the broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the worldwide group that constitutes, through descent or conversion, ...
Jew's harp
musical instrument consisting of a thin wood or metal tongue fixed at one end to the base of a two-pronged frame. The player holds the frame to his mouth, which ...
Jewel Cave National Monument
limestone caverns in southwestern South Dakota, U.S., 15 miles (24 km) west of Custer. Established in 1908, the monument occupies a surface area of 2 square miles (5 square km) ...
jewel orchid
any member of several closely related genera of orchids (family Orchidaceae) that are cultivated as ornamentals because of their striking leaf patterns.
Jewel, John
Anglican bishop of Salisbury and controversialist who defended Queen Elizabeth I's religious policies opposing Roman Catholicism. The works Jewel produced during the 1560s defined and clarified points of difference between ...
Jewel-Osco
American retail grocery and pharmacy chain acquired by Albertson's, Inc., of Boise, Idaho, in 1999. The company originated in 1899, when Frank Vernon Skiff and Frank Ross founded the Jewel ...
jewelry
objects of personal adornment prized for the craftsmanship going into their creation and generally for the value of their components as well.
Jewett, Frank Baldwin
U.S. electrical engineer and first president of the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., who directed research in telephony, telegraphy, and radio and television communications.
Jewett, Sarah Orne
American writer of regional fiction that centred on life in Maine.
jewfish
any of several large fishes of the sea bass (q.v.) family (Serranidae), especially Epinephelus itajara, found on the Atlantic coast of tropical America. This species sometimes attains a length of ...
Jewish Agency
international body representing the World Zionist Organization, created in 1929 by Chaim Weizmann, with headquarters in Jerusalem. Its purpose is to assist and encourage Jews worldwide to help develop and ...
Jewish calendar
religious and civil dating system based on both lunar and solar cycles.
Jewish Daily Forward
Yiddish-language newspaper published in New York City and in regional centres in the United States.
Jewish religious year
the cycle of Sabbaths and holidays that are commonly observed by the Jewish religious community-and officially in Israel by the Jewish secular community as well. The Sabbath and festivals are ...
Jewish Revolt, First
(AD 66-70), Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in Judaea. The First Jewish Revolt was the result of a long series of clashes in which small groups of Jews offered sporadic ...
Jewish Revolt, Second
(AD 132-135), Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in Judaea. The revolt was preceded by years of clashes between Jews and Romans in the area. Finally, in AD 132, the misrule ...
Jewish Theological Seminary of America
the academic and spiritual centre of Conservative Judaism in the United States. Founded in New York City in 1886 as the Jewish Theological Seminary Association, the institution was first headed ...
Jex-Blake, Sophia Louisa
British physician who successfully sought legislation (1876) permitting women in Britain to receive the M.D. degree and a license to practice medicine and surgery. Through her efforts a medical school ...
Jezebel
in the Old Testament (Kings I and II), the wife of King Ahab, who ruled the kingdom of Israel; by interfering with the exclusive worship of the Hebrew god Yahweh, ...
Jezreel
(May God Give Seed), ancient city of Palestine, capital of the northern kingdom of Israel under King Ahab, located on a spur of Mt. Gilboa in Israel. King Saul was ...
Jhabua
town, administrative headquarters of Jhabua district, Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Located on Bahadur Sagar (lake), it was founded in the 16th century by a Labhana freebooter and served as ...
Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer
German-born novelist and screenwriter, well known for her witty and insightful portrayals of contemporary Indian lives.
Jhalawar
town, administrative headquarters of Jhalawar district, Rajasthan state, northwestern India. The town-sometimes called Jhalrapatan, Jhalrapatan Chhaoni (cantonment), or Brijnagar-is a major road junction and agricultural market centre. The old town ...