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Jamrud ... Jashpur Pats

Jamrud: town in the Khyber Agency of Peshawar Division, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan, lying 1,512 ft (461 m) above sea level at the entrance to the Khyber Pass. It is connected ...
Jamshedpur: city, East Singhbhum district, Jharkhand state, northeastern India, at the junction of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. Sometimes called Tatanagar, the city was named for industrialist Jamsetji (Jamshedji) Nusserwanji Tata, ...
Jamtland: lan (county) of western Sweden, on the Norwegian border. Its land area of 19,273 sq mi (49,917 sq km) takes in the traditional landskap (provinces) of Jamtland and Harjedalen. The ...
Jan Mayen: island, part of the Kingdom of Norway, in the Greenland Sea of the Arctic Ocean, about 300 mi (500 km) east of Greenland. It is approximately 35 mi long and ...
Janacek, Leos: composer, one of the most important exponents of musical nationalism of the 20th century.
Jane: Chicago-based women's collective that provided more than 11,000 safe albeit illegal abortions between 1969 and 1973. The underground clinic, a small branch of the Chicago Women's Liberation Union, strove to ...
Jane Seymour: third wife of King Henry VIII of England and mother of King Edward VI. She succeeded-where Henry's previous wives had failed-in providing a legitimate male heir to the throne.
Janequin, Clement: a leading 16th-century French composer of chansons, famous for his program chansons, part-songs in which sounds of nature, of battles, and of the streets are imitated.
Janesville: city, seat (1839) of Rock county, southern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the Rock River, about 15 miles (25 km) north of Beloit and 40 miles (65 km) southeast of ...
Janet, Pierre: French psychologist and neurologist influential in bringing about in France and the United States a connection between academic psychology and the clinical treatment of mental illnesses. He stressed psychological factors ...
Janin: town, northern Samaria, central Palestine. Contained within mandated Palestine during 1923-48, it was in the area annexed by Jordan in 1950 following the Arab-Israeli War of 1948-49; since the Six-Day ...
Janissary: (New Soldier, or Troop), member of an elite corps in the standing army of the Ottoman Empire from the late 14th century to 1826. Highly respected for their military prowess ...
Janissary music: in a narrow sense, the music of the Turkish military establishment, particularly of the Janissaries, an elite corps of royal bodyguards (disbanded 1826); in a broad sense, a particular repertory ...
Janmastami: Hindu festival celebrating the birth (janma) of the god Krishna (Krsna) on the eighth (astami) day of the dark fortnight of the month of Bhadrapada (August-September). The eighth also has ...
Jannings, Emil: internationally known German actor famous for his tragic roles in motion pictures.
Janowitz, Morris: innovative American sociologist and political scientist who made major contributions to sociological theory and to the study of prejudice, urban issues, and patriotism. His work in political science concentrated mainly ...
Jansch, Bert: British guitarist, singer, and songwriter whose innovative and influential guitar technique made him one of the leading figures in British folk music in the 1960s and early 1970s, both as ...
Jansen, Cornelius Otto: Flemish leader of the Roman Catholic reform movement known as Jansenism. He wrote biblical commentaries and pamphlets against the Protestants. His major work was Augustinus, published by his friends in ...
Jansen, Daniel: American speed skater whose dominance in the sprint races of his sport was overshadowed by his misfortune in the Olympic Winter Games.
Jansky, Karl: American engineer whose discovery of radio waves from an extraterrestrial source inaugurated the development of radio astronomy, a new science that from the mid-20th century greatly extended the range of ...
Janssen, Johannes: Roman Catholic German historian who wrote a highly controversial history of the German people, covering the period leading to and through the Reformation.
Janssen, Pierre: French astronomer who in 1868 discovered how to observe solar prominences without an eclipse. His work was independent of that of the Englishman Joseph Norman Lockyer, who made the same ...
Jansson, Tove: Finnish artist and writer-illustrator of children's books (in Swedish). In her books she created the fantastic self-contained world of Moomintrolls, popular especially in northern and central Europe, although translations in ...
Januarius, Saint: bishop of Benevento and patron saint of Naples. He is believed to have been martyred during the persecution under the Roman emperor Diocletian in 305. His fame rests on the ...
January: first month of the Gregorian calendar. It was named after Janus, the Roman god of all beginnings. January replaced March as the first month of the Roman year no later ...
January Insurrection: (1863-64), Polish rebellion against Russian rule in Poland; the insurrection was unsuccessful and resulted in the imposition of tighter Russian control over Poland.
Janub Sina': (Arabic: "Southern Sinai"), muhafazah (governorate), southern part of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. The governorate was created out of Sina' muhafazah in late 1978, after the first stages of the Israeli withdrawal ...
Janus: in Roman religion, the animistic spirit of doorways (januae) and archways (jani). The worship of Janus traditionally dated back to Romulus and a period even before the actual founding of ...
Japan: country lying off the east coast of Asia. It consists of a great string of islands in a northeast-southwest arc that stretches for approximately 1,500 miles (2,400 km) through the ...
Japan Air Lines Co., Ltd.: Japanese airline that is one of the largest air carriers in the world. The airline was founded in 1951. It was originally a private company but was reorganized in 1953 ...
Japan Communist Party: leftist Japanese political party founded in 1922. Initially, the party was outlawed, and it operated clandestinely until the post-World War II Allied occupation command restored freedom of political association in ...
Japan Railways Group: principal rail network of Japan, consisting of 12 corporations created by the privatization of the government-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1987.
Japan Series: in baseball, a seven-game playoff between champions of the two professional Japanese baseball leagues, the Central League and the Pacific League. Baseball in Japan was established on a professional basis ...
Japan Trench: deep submarine trench lying east of the Japanese islands, in the floor of the western North Pacific Ocean. It is one of a series of depressions stretching south from the ...
Japan, Sea of: marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded by Japan and Sakhalin Island to the east and by Russia and Korea on the Asian mainland to the west. ...
Japanese Alps: mountains, central Honshu, Japan. The term Japanese Alps was first applied to the Hida Range in the late 19th century but now also includes the Kiso and Akaishi ranges to ...
Japanese baseball leagues: professional baseball leagues in Japan. Baseball was introduced to Japan in the 1870s by teachers from the United States, and, by the end of the century, it had become a ...
Japanese beetle: (species Popillia japonica), an insect that is a major pest and belongs to the subfamily Rutelinae (family Scarabaeidae, order Coleoptera). It was accidentally introduced into the United States from Japan ...
Japanese cedar: a coniferous evergreen timber tree and only species of the genus Cryptomeria of the family Cupressaceae (sometimes classified in the so-called deciduous cypress family Taxodiaceae), native to eastern Asia. ...
Japanese Civil Code: body of private law adopted in 1896 that, with post-World War II modifications, remains in effect in present-day Japan. The code was the result of various movements for modernization following ...
Japanese deer: hoofed mammal, a subspecies of sika (q.v.).
Japanese language: one of the world's major languages, ranking ninth in terms of the number of speakers with 125 million. It is primarily spoken throughout the Japanese archipelago; there are also some ...
Japanese law: the law as it has developed in Japan as a consequence of a meld of two cultural and legal traditions, one indigenous Japanese, the other Western. Before Japan's isolation from ...
Japanese literature: the body of written works produced by Japanese authors in Japanese or, in its earliest beginnings, at a time when Japan had no written language, in the Chinese classical language.
Japanese Orthodox church: autonomous body of the Eastern Orthodox church, in canonical relation with the patriarchate of Moscow, which confirms the election of the metropolitan of Tokyo. The Japanese Orthodox church was created ...
Japanese philosophy: . The term philosophy has been considered somewhat misleading in reference to Japanese thought, since Japanese premodern thinking tended to be directed more toward the realm of existence than toward ...
Japanese Red Army: militant Japanese organization that was formed in 1969 in the merger of two far-left factions. Beginning in 1970, the Red Army undertook several major terrorist operations, including the hijacking of ...
Japanese spaniel: breed of toy dog that originated in China and was introduced to Japan, where it was kept by royalty. The breed became known in the West when Commodore Matthew Perry ...
Japanese torreya: an ornamental evergreen timber tree of the yew family (Taxaceae), native to the southern islands of Japan. Although it is the hardiest species of its genus and may be 10 ...
Japanese yew: an ornamental evergreen shrub or tree of the yew family (Taxaceae), native to Japan and widely cultivated in the Northern Hemisphere. Rising to a height of 16 m (about 52 ...
Japanism: aesthetic cult that had a major impact on Impressionist painting. Japanism began in the mid-19th century, just after Japanese trade with the West was opened, and lasted for a generation ...
japanning: in the decorative arts, process popular in 18th-century Europe for finishing and ornamenting wood, leather, tin, and papier-mache in imitation of the celebrated lacquerwork of the Japanese. In modern industry, ...
Japura River: river that rises as the Caqueta River east of Pasto, Colombia, in the Colombian Cordillera Central. It meanders generally east-southeastward through the tropical rain forest of southeastern Colombia. After receiving ...
Jaques-Dalcroze, Emile: Swiss music teacher and composer who originated the eurythmics system of musical instruction.
jarabe: folk dance for couples, popular in central and southern Mexico, notably in Jalisco state. Derived in colonial times from Spanish popular music and such dances as the seguidillas and fandangos, ...
Jarbah: island in the Gulf of Gabes, Mediterranean Sea, off the Tunisian mainland, to which it is connected by a causeway. Jarbah island is about 17 miles (27 km) long by ...
Jardin des Plantes: one of the world's foremost botanical gardens, located in Paris. It was founded in 1626 as a royal garden of medicinal plants and was first opened to the public in ...
Jari River: river, northern Brazil, rising on the southern slopes of the Tumuc-Humac Mountains and flowing in a generally southeasterly direction for about 350 miles (560 km) to join the Amazon River ...
Jarid, Shatt Al-: large saline lake in southwestern Tunisia, occupying a salt-flat basin of about 1,900 square miles (4,900 square km). The lake is covered with water only in the lowest areas, except ...
Jarir: one of the greatest Arab poets of the Umayyad period, whose career and poetry show the continued vitality of the pre-Islamic Bedouin tradition.
Jarmo: prehistoric archaeological site located east of Kirkuk, in northeastern Iraq. The site is important for revealing traces of one of the world's first village-farming communities. The approximately dozen layers of ...
Jarnach, Philipp: German composer who was a follower of the pianist-composer Ferruccio Busoni.
Jarnefelt, Armas: composer and conductor who introduced Richard Wagner's operas into Finland and who is known for his works for small orchestra.
Jarnes, Benjamin: Spanish novelist and biographer.
Jarratt, Devereux: American Anglican clergyman and preacher who emulated the Methodism of John Wesley and initiated a religious revival throughout North Carolina and southern Virginia.
Jarrell, Randall: American poet, novelist, and critic who is noted for revitalizing the reputations of Robert Frost, Walt Whitman, and William Carlos Williams in the 1950s.
Jarrett, Keith: American jazz pianist, composer, and saxophonist considered to be one of the most original and prolific jazz musicians to emerge during the late 20th century. He was also a noted ...
Jarrow: North Sea port town, South Tyneside metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Durham, England. It lies along the south bank of the River Tyne. Jarrow's ...
Jarry, Alfred: French writer mainly known as the creator of the grotesque and wild satirical farce Ubu roi (1896; "King Ubu"), which was a forerunner of the Theatre of the Absurd.
Jars, Plain of: dissected inner region of the Xiangkhoang Plateau in north-central Laos. Drained principally by the Ngum River, a southward-flowing tributary of the Mekong River, the plain is characterized by narrow river ...
Jarta, Hans: Swedish political activist, administrator, and publicist who was a leader of the 1809 coup d'etat that overthrew Gustav IV, king of Sweden. He was the main author of Sweden's constitution ...
Jaruzelski, Wojciech Witold: army general and communist leader of Poland, chief of state from 1981 to 1989 and president from 1989 to 1990.
Jarvis Island: coral atoll, unincorporated territory of the U.S., in the Northern Line Islands, in the west central Pacific Ocean, 1,000 mi (1,600 km) southwest of Honolulu. The atoll has an area ...
Jarvis, John Wesley: American painter considered his era's leading portraitist based in New York City.
Jashar, Book of: ancient Israelite collection of poems quoted in various books of the Old Testament. Of uncertain etymology, Jashar may mean "victorious" or "upright." The victory hymn that describes how the Sun ...
Jashpur Pats: physical region of eastern Chhattisgarh state, central India, extending over Jashpur Tahsil (northeastern Raigarh district) and forming part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The pats are a ...