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Jajau, Battle of ... Jamnagar

Jajau, Battle of: (June 12, 1707), decisive engagement over succession to the Mughal throne of India, following the death of the emperor Aurangzeb, and fought at Jajau, a few miles south of Agra ...
Jajce: town in Bosnia and Hercegovina, 29 miles (47 km) south of Banja Luka, on the Vrbas River. The ancient capital of the Bosnian kings, it fell to the Turks in ...
jajmani system: reciprocal social and economic arrangement between families of different castes within a village community in India, by which one family exclusively performs certain services for the other, such as ministering ...
Jakarta: largest city and capital of Indonesia. Coextensive with the metropolitan district of Jakarta Raya, it lies at the mouth of the Ciliwung (Liwung River) on the northwest coast of Java.
Jakobshavn: town on the west coast of Greenland, near the mouth of Jakobshavn Fjord on Disko Bay. The town's first permanent houses were built by Danes in 1741 on the site ...
Jakobson, Roman: Russian born American linguist and Slavic-language scholar, a principal founder of the European movement in structural linguistics known as the Prague school. Jakobson extended the theoretical and practical concerns of ...
Jakpa, Sumalia Ndewura: African king who founded a dynasty in Gonja, in what is now northern Ghana, in the early 17th century.
Jakun: any member of an aboriginal people found in the interior eastern portions of the Malay Peninsula. The major Jakun subgroups include the Biduanda, Mantera, Orang Laut, Orang Kanak, and Orang ...
Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi: the greatest Sufi mystic and poet in the Persian language, famous for his lyrics and for his didactic epic Masnavi-ye Ma'navi ("Spiritual Couplets"), which widely influenced Muslim ...
Jalal-Abad: city, western Kyrgyzstan. Though made a city in 1877, it remained essentially a large village. Given city status again in 1927, it now is a regional centre for food processing ...
Jalalabad: capital of Nangarhar velayat (province), eastern Afghanistan, on the Kabul River, at an altitude of 1,940 ft (590 m). It lies on the route from Kabul, the Afghan capital (110 ...
Jalapa: department, southeastern Guatemala, with an area of 797 sq mi (2,063 sq km). Its area includes the continental divide, and it is drained by the affluents of the Motagua and ...
Jalapa: city, capital of Veracruz state, east central Mexico, in the Sierra Madre Oriental, at 4,681 ft (1,427 m) above sea level. When Hernan Cortes marched through it in 1519, it ...
Jalapa: city, southeastern Guatemala, located in a picturesque valley of the central highlands at an elevation of 4,469 feet (1,362 metres) above sea level. Jalapa functions as a commercial, manufacturing, and ...
Jalaun: town and district, Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. The district occupies an area of 1,756 sq mi (4,549 sq km) on the Ganges alluvial plain and is bounded on the ...
Jalayirid: Mongol tribe that supported the Il-Khan Hulegu's rise to power and eventually provided the successors to the Il-Khan dynasty as rulers of Iraq and Azerbaijan. A Jalayirid dynasty made its ...
Jalayirid school: school of miniature painting that flourished in Baghdad, Iraq, under the Jalayirids, a local dynasty of governors in power from 1336 to 1432. Along with their contemporaries, the Mozaffarids of ...
Jaldapara Wild Life Sanctuary: wildlife preserve in West Bengal state, northeastern India. The preserve was established in 1941 mainly for the protection of the great Indian rhinoceros. It extends over an area of 84 ...
Jalgaon: city, northern Maharashtra state, western India. It lies along the Bombay-Nagpur road and the Bombay-Allahabad railway. Although insignificant before the 19th century, it then attracted merchants and weavers so that ...
Jalili Family: prominent Iraqi family that ruled the Ottoman pasalik (province) of Mosul (in modern Iraq) in the period 1726-1834. Although the founder of the Jalili line, 'Abd al-Jalil, was a Christian ...
Jalingo: town, capital of Taraba state, eastern Nigeria. It became a state capital in 1991 after Gongola state was divided into Adamawa and Taraba states. Jalingo lies in the savanna-covered foothills ...
Jalisco: estado ("state"), west-central Mexico. It is bounded by the states of Nayarit and Aguascalientes and Zacatecas (north), Guanajuato (east), Michoacan and Colima (south), and by the Pacific Ocean (west). Its ...
Jalor: city, southwestern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It lies just south of the Sukri River, which is a tributary of the Luni River. Jalor is connected by road with Jodhpur and ...
Jalpaiguri: city, northern West Bengal state, northeastern India, just west of the Tista River. The chief agricultural distributing centre of the state, the city is connected by road and rail with ...
Jaluit Atoll: coral formation in the Ralik (western) chain of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, situated in the west-central Pacific Ocean. The atoll has a total land area of 4.4 square ...
Jam, the: British rock group that emerged at the height of the punk rock movement but whose sound and image were greatly influenced by the British mod bands of the early 1960s. ...
Jama'are: town and traditional emirate, Bauchi state, northern Nigeria. The town is situated along the Jamaari River, which is a tributary of the Katagum, and at the intersection of roads leading ...
Jamaame: town, southern Somalia, eastern Africa. Jamaame is situated on the eastern bank of the lower Jubba River, in the southeastern coastal lowlands near the Indian Ocean. The town is an ...
Jamaica: island nation of the West Indies. It is the third largest island in the Caribbean Sea, after Cuba and Hispaniola, with an area of 4,244 square miles (10,991 square km)-about ...
Jamaica Bay: shallow inlet of the Atlantic Ocean covering about 20 square miles (50 square km) on the southwestern shore of Long Island, southeastern New York, U.S. Part of the Port of ...
Jamaican fruit bat: a common and widespread bat of Central and South America with a fleshy nose leaf resembling a third ear positioned on the muzzle. The Jamaican fruit bat has gray-brown fur ...
Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani: Muslim politician, political agitator, and journalist whose belief in the potency of a revived Islamic civilization in the face of European domination significantly influenced the development of Muslim thought in ...
Jamalpur: city, north-central Bangladesh, on the west bank of the Old Brahmaputra River. An important trade centre for rice, jute, oilseeds, sugarcane, and tobacco, it is connected by rail with Mymensingh, ...
Jamalpur: town, central Bihar state, northeastern India. It is situated at the foot of the Monghyr Ghat (hills) near the Ganges River. The town was established in 1862 as a railway ...
Jamalzadeh, Mohammad Ali: Iranian prose writer who became one of the most important figures in 20th-century Persian literature.
Jambi: kotamadya (city) and propinsi (province), southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia. The province is bounded by Bengkulu and Sumatera Selatan ("South Sumatra") provinces on the south, by Sumatera Barat ("West Sumatra") province on ...
jamdani: type of figured muslin that is one of the greatest accomplishments of the Indian weaver. The origins of figured muslin are not clear; it is mentioned in Sanskrit literature of ...
James Bay: shallow southern extension of Hudson Bay, located between northern Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Generally less than 200 feet (60 m) deep, the bay is 275 miles (443 km) long and ...
James Edward, The Old Pretender: son of the deposed Roman Catholic monarch James II of England and claimant to the English and Scottish thrones. Styled James III of England and James VIII of Scotland by ...
James I: the most renowned of the medieval kings of Aragon (1213-76), who added the Balearic Islands and Valencia to his realm and thus initiated the Catalan-Aragonese expansion in the Mediterranean that ...
James I: king of Scots from 1406 to 1437. During the 13 years (1424-37) in which he had control of the government, he established the first strong monarchy the Scots had known ...
James I: king of Scotland (as James VI) from 1567 to 1625 and first Stuart king of England from 1603 to 1625, who styled himself "king of Great Britain." James was a ...
James II: king of Scots from 1437 to 1460. He survived the civil strife of the first half of his reign and eventually emerged as a masterful ruler who consolidated his power ...
James II: king of Aragon from 1295 to 1327 and king of Sicily (as James I) from 1285 to 1295.
James II: king of Great Britain from 1685 to 1688, and the last Stuart monarch in the direct male line. He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution (1688-89) and replaced by William ...
James III: king of Scots from 1460 to 1488. A weak monarch, he was confronted with two major rebellions because he failed to win the respect of the nobility.
James IV: king of Scotland from 1488 to 1513. An energetic and popular ruler, he unified Scotland under royal control, strengthened royal finances, and improved Scotland's position in European politics.
James River: river in central Virginia, U.S., formed by the junction of the Jackson and Cowpasture rivers and cutting across the Great Appalachian Valley in northern Botetourt county. It flows in an ...
James River: river rising in Wells county, central North Dakota, U.S., and flowing in a generally south-southeasterly direction across South Dakota, to join the Missouri River about 5 miles (8 km) below ...
James V: king of Scotland from 1513 to 1542.
James, C.L.R.: West Indian-born cultural historian, cricket writer, and political activist who was a leading figure in the Pan-African movement.
James, Elmore: American blues singer-guitarist noted for the urgent intensity of his singing and guitar playing. He was a significant influence on the development of rock music.
James, Etta: popular American rhythm-and-blues entertainer who in time became a successful ballad singer.
James, Harry: American trumpeter and bandleader who became a major figure of the swingtime Big Band era.
James, Henry: American novelist and, as a naturalized English citizen from 1915, a great figure in the transatlantic culture. His fundamental theme was the innocence and exuberance of the New World in ...
James, Henry: American philosophical theologian, the father of the novelist Henry James and the philosopher William James.
James, Jesse; and James, Frank: two brothers who were among the most notorious outlaws of the American West, engaging in robberies that came to typify the hazards of the 19th-century frontier as it has been ...
James, Liturgy of Saint: a eucharistic service based on the Antiochene Liturgy, said to be the most ancient Christian liturgy. Modified forms of the Liturgy of St. James are used by Catholic Syrians, Monophysite ...
James, P.D.: British mystery novelist best known for her fictional detective Adam Dalgliesh of Scotland Yard.
James, Saint: one of the Twelve Apostles, distinguished as being in Jesus' innermost circle and the only apostle whose martyrdom is recorded in the New Testament (Acts 12:2).
James, Saint: one of the Twelve Apostles.
James, Saint: a Christian apostle, according to St. Paul, although not one of the original Twelve Apostles. He was leader of the Jerusalem Christians, who with Saints Peter and John the Evangelist ...
James, The Letter of: New Testament writing addressed to the early Christian churches ("to the twelve tribes in the dispersion") and attributed to James, a Christian Jew, whose identity is disputed. There is also ...
James, William: American philosopher and psychologist, a leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism and of the psychological movement of functionalism.
Jameson, Sir Leander Starr, Baronet: southern African statesman who, as friend and collaborator of Cecil Rhodes, was notorious for his abortive raid into the Transvaal to overthrow the Boer government of Paul Kruger in 1895.
Jamestown: seaport town and capital of St. Helena, a British island in the South Atlantic Ocean. The town was founded in 1659, when the British East India Company built a fort ...
Jamestown: city, seat (1874) of Stutsman county, southeast-central North Dakota, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the James River and Pipestem Creek, halfway between Bismarck (west) and Fargo (east). The ...
Jamestown: city, Chautauqua county, southwestern New York, U.S. It lies at the south end of Chautauqua Lake, 70 miles (113 km) southwest of Buffalo. It was named for James Prendergast, a ...
Jamestown Colony: first permanent English settlement in North America, located near present-day Williamsburg, Virginia. Established on May 14, 1607, the colony gave England its first foothold in the European competition for the ...
Jami: Persian scholar, mystic, and poet who is often regarded as the last great mystical poet of Iran.
Jamison, Judith: American modern dancer who became artistic director of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in 1989.
Jammes, Francis: French poet and novelist whose simple rustic themes were a contrast to the decadent element in French literature of the turn of the century.
jamming: in electronics, broadcasting a strong signal that overrides or obscures a target signal. Jamming of radio and television stations broadcasting from beyond borders may be carried out by a country ...
Jammu: city, winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir state, northwestern India. It lies along the Tawi River, south of Srinagar, and to the north is the Siwalik Range. Once the capital ...
Jammu and Kashmir: state of India, located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the vicinity of the Karakoram and western Himalayan mountain ranges. The state is part of the larger ...
Jamnagar: town, southwestern Gujarat state, west-central India. Jamnagar is situated on the Kathiawar Peninsula, southeast of Bedi, its port on the Gulf of Kutch of the Arabian Sea. Founded in 1540, ...