(from the article "Matisse, Henri") ...become a member of the avant-garde right away. In 1891, in order to prepare himself for the entrance examination at the official Ecole des Beaux-Arts, he enrolled in the privately ...
American reform politician who began as an abolitionist, served in Congress as a Radical Republican during the American Civil War and Reconstruction eras, and later championed woman suffrage and other ...
(from the article "canals and inland waterways") ...on large natural rivers and serving the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam has required comparatively little modernization; but to avoid the Maas (Meuse) River, between Roermond and Maastricht, the Juliana ...
(from the article "Suriname") ...is almost entirely covered with tropical rain forest. In the southwest near the Brazilian border is the Sipaliwini Plain, another savanna area. The highest summit, at 4,035 feet (1,230 metres), ...
(from the article "Corpus Christi, Feast of") ...the Sunday) after Trinity Sunday. It originated in 1246 when Robert de Torote, bishop of Liege, ordered the festival celebrated in his diocese. He was persuaded to initiate the feast ...
(from the article "Cynewulf") Juliana, a poem of 731 lines, is a retelling of a Latin prose life of St. Juliana, a maiden who rejected the suit of a Roman prefect, Eleusius, because of ...
(from the article "mystery religion") Only fragments are preserved of the Chaldean Oracles, a theosophical text in verse that was composed by Julianus the Theurgist and his son late in the 2nd century AD and ...
former duchy of the Holy Roman Empire, centred on the town of Julich, located now in the Aachen district of the Land (state) of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Germany") General war nearly broke out in 1609-10 over the Julich-Cleves succession crisis. When the Roman Catholic ruler of these counties, which formed the strategically most important block of territories on ...
Canadian singer, actress, songwriter, and feminist activist who specialized in songs that championed the cause of Quebec separatism and independence (b. May 23, 1928, Trois-Rivieres, Que.--d. Sept. 30, 1998, Montreal, ...
(from the article "Western sculpture") ...the movement did find a number of notable exponents in sculpture. These included Claude Michel, called Clodion, creator of many small Classical figures, especially nymphs; Augustin Pajou; and Pierre Julien. ...
(from the article "salad") ...other starches. Mixed salads are hearty versions of green, vegetable, and starchy salads. The addition of meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, or cheese transforms the dish into a light entree. The ...
daughter of the Capulets who is one of the two "star-crossed" lovers in Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet. Juliet's musing on the balcony-O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Western sculpture") Funerary narrative sculpture of the late republic is exemplified in a monument of the Julii, at Saint-Remy (Glanum), France. The base of this structure carries four great reliefs with battle ...
(AD 14-68), the four successors of Augustus, the first Roman emperor: Tiberius (reigned 14-37), Caligula (37-41), Claudius I (41-54), and Nero (54-68). It was not a direct bloodline. Augustus had ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "ancient Rome") ...and the Parthians recognizing him as Rome's client king. In 66, however, revolt flared in Judaea, fired by Roman cruelty and stupidity, Jewish fanaticism, and communal hatreds; the prefect of ...
tragedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, produced in 1599-1600 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from a transcript of a promptbook. [9 Related Articles]
pope from 337 to 352. The papacy had been vacant four months when he was elected as St. Mark's successor on Feb. 6, 337. Julius then became the chief support ...
greatest art patron of the papal line (reigned 1503-13) and one of the most powerful rulers of his age. Although he led military efforts to prevent French domination of Italy, ... [23 Related Articles]
(from the article "Rosenwald, Julius") Generous to Jewish charities, Rosenwald nonetheless opposed Zionism. From the early 1900s he was concerned with the welfare of U.S. blacks, and in 1917 he established the Julius Rosenwald Fund ...
(from the article "Italy") ...became the most democratic of all revolutionary governments of the triennium. This owed largely to the French military commander Jean-Etienne Championnet, as well as to the commissioner Marc-Antoine Jullien. Previously ...
city, administrative headquarters of Jullundur district, Punjab state, northwestern India. Jullundur is an ancient city; in the 7th century AD it was the capital of a Rajput kingdom. The third ...
(from the article "Liberia") ...occur during the trial. It was expected that testimony would incriminate important members of the political class. Such fears seemed to be borne out in July when former Liberian army ...
seventh month of the Gregorian calendar. It was named after Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. Its original name was Quintilis, Latin for the "fifth month," indicating its position in the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Colombia") ...sculpture and painting. The National Museum displays treasures and relics dating from prehistoric times to the present and possesses various collections of Colombian painting and sculpture. The July 20 Museum ...
(July 16-20 [July 3-7, old style], 1917), a period in the Russian Revolution during which workers and soldiers of Petrograd staged armed demonstrations against the Provisional Government that resulted in ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Lubelskie") ...the same time, however, Lublin was one of the centres of the resistance movement in Poland. On July 22, 1944, in Chelm, the Soviet-sponsored Polish Committee of National Liberation issued ...
(from the article "France") The renovated regime (often called the July Monarchy or the bourgeois monarchy) rested on an altered political theory and a broadened social base. Divine right gave way to popular sovereignty; ...
(from the article "France") ...King and ministers prepared a set of decrees that dissolved the newly elected Chamber, further restricted the already narrow suffrage, and stripped away the remaining liberty of the press. These ...
abortive attempt on July 20, 1944, by German military leaders to assassinate Adolf Hitler, seize control of the government, and seek more favourable peace terms from the Allies. [8 Related Articles]
(1830), insurrection that brought Louis-Philippe to the throne of France. The revolution was precipitated by Charles X's publication (July 26) of restrictive ordinances contrary to the spirit of the Charter ... [12 Related Articles]
Friday of the Muslim week and the special noon service on Friday that all adult, male, free Muslims are obliged to attend. The jum'ah, which replaces the usual noon ritual ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Kazakhstan") ...led the advance of modern Kazakh writing in the early 20th century. Baytursyn-uli, along with Aliqan Nurmuhambet Bokeyqan-uli, Mir Jaqib Duwlat-uli, and, later, Maghjan Jumabay-uli, represented the cream of Kazakh ...
(from the article "Arabic literature") ...establishing tabaqat ("classes," or "levels"). Two such early works belong to al-Asma'i and his student Ibn Sallam al-Jumahi; the latter's Tabaqat fuhul al-shu'ara' ("Classes ...
(from the article "Tanzania") ...involved. The failure to hold elections in Zanzibar also contrasted unfavourably with developments on the mainland. In April 1972 Karume was assassinated by members of the military. His successor, Aboud ...
(from the article "Chamoun, Camille") ...Bishara al-Khuri as president of Lebanon were denied in 1948 by a renewal of Khuri's term, Chamoun began to organize a parliamentary opposition. By the summer of 1952 he had ...
(from the article "Lebanon") On October 1 an attempt to assassinate Marwan Hamade, the former minister of the economy, failed, although one of his guards was killed in the bomb blast. Hamade, a member ...
(from the article "circus") ...operated on such a large scale that the show required the use of two (1873) and then three (1881) rings. Perhaps the most famous attraction of the early Barnum & ...
(from the article "Charleroi") ...in the 19th century brought great expansion, and Charleroi became the hub of a heavily populated industrial region, le pays noir ("the black country," because of its smoke). Jumet, a ...
town, northwestern France, Seine-Maritime departement, Haute-Normandie region, west of Rouen. It is famous for the imposing ruins of its abbey. Situated by a wood within a loop ...
(from the article "Jumieges") ...Haute-Normandie region, west of Rouen. It is famous for the imposing ruins of its abbey. Situated by a wood within a loop of the Seine River, the ...
city, Murcia provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), southeastern Spain. It lies at the foot of Mount Castillo (near Mount Carche and Sierra ...
(from the article "Baltic religion") ...were offered to Zemes mate. Such rituals were also performed in connection with the other divinities at a later stage of development. The fertility of the fields is also guaranteed ...
(from the article "Finno-Ugric religion") ...and the influence of monotheism, especially of Christianity and Islam, is widely exhibited. This influence was evidently preceded by that of ancient southern high cultures. Thus the Cheremis Jumo has ...
(from the article "military aircraft") ...two years before its British equivalent, the Gloster E.28/39, on May 15, 1941. Through an involved chain of events in which Schelp's intervention was pivotal, Wagner's efforts led to the ...
(from the article "figure skating") Jumps are probably the most recognized element of figure skating. All jumps share the same rotational position in the air, and all are landed on one foot, but they are ...
(from the article "basketball") A method of putting the ball into play. The referee tosses the ball up between two opponents who try to tap it to a teammate. The jump ball is used ...
(from the article "rhythm and blues") ...when Louis Jordan's small combo started making blues-based records with humorous lyrics and upbeat rhythms that owed as much to boogie-woogie as to classic blues forms. This music, sometimes called ...
children's game played by individuals or teams with a piece of rope, which may have handles attached at each end. Jump rope, which dates back to the 19th century, is ...
(from the article "animal communication") ...vocal display in which the communicator throws its foreparts vigorously into the air, directs its nose straight up, and utters an abrupt, two-part vocalization; the performance has been named the ...
(from the article "horsemanship") The most sensitive parts of the horse when ridden are the mouth and the loins, particularly in jumping. The rider's hands control the forehand while the legs act on the ...
any of five species of small leaping rodents found in North America and China. Jumping mice weigh from 13 to 26 grams (0.5 to 0.9 ounce) and are 8 to ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "fer-de-lance") ...with darker brown blotches. The wutu, also South American, is a dangerous snake about 1.2 m long. It is brown, boldly marked on its sides with thick, dark semicircles outlined ...
any member of the approximately 2,000 species of the insect family Psyllidae (order Homoptera). The jumping plant louse is about the size of a pinhead. Its head, long antennae and ...
any of about 3,000 species of spiders (order Araneida) known for their ability to jump and pounce upon their prey. They range in size from 3 to 17 mm (0.12 ... [3 Related Articles]
Chinese kiln known for the stoneware it created during the Northern Song period (960-1126) in Junzhou (now Yuzhou), in northern Henan. One class of glazed wares produced at the kiln ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Junagadh") The area in which Junagadh is situated occupies the southwestern Kathiawar Peninsula and is bounded southwest by the Arabian Sea. It consists of a level plain except for the Girnar ...
city, southwestern Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies near the Girnar Hills of the Kathiawar Peninsula. The many temples and mosques in the vicinity reveal the city's long and complex ...
(from the article "Cherokee") After 1800 the Cherokee were remarkable for their assimilation of American settler culture. The tribe formed a government modeled on that of the United States. Under Chief Junaluska they aided ...
painter of miniatures and leading illustrator of the Jalayirid school. His style, using richly dressed figures in formal settings, deeply influenced later developments in Persian painting. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Hallaj, al-") ...of individuals who were able to instruct him in the Sufi way. His teachers, Sahl at-Tustari, 'Amr ibn 'Uthman al-Makki, and Abu al-Qasim al-Junayd, were highly respected among the masters ...
town in the Darfur region of western Sudan. It lies about 15 miles (24 km) east of the Chad border and about 220 miles (350 km) west of al-Fashir, with ...
(from the article "Cyperaceae") ...are similar in appearance to grasses (family Poaceae) and placed in the same order, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests that the closest relatives of Cyperaceae are ...
(from the article "Luxembourg") Area: 2,586 sq km (999 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 467,000 | Capital: Luxembourg | Chief of state: Grand Duke Henri | Head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker ...
any of several birds of the genus Junco, small sparrows of the family Fringillidae (sometimes classified as Emberizidae). Juncos are about 15 cm (6 inches) long and variable in colour, ...
(from the article "building construction") ...the possibility of fire in the case of accidental overloading of the wires. Conduits are usually concealed in finished spaces within the framing of partition walls or above ceilings and ...
(from the article "semiconductor device") ...reverse bias is increased, the current remains very small until a critical voltage is reached, at which point the current suddenly increases. This sudden increase in current is referred to ...
city, seat (1860) of Geary county (until 1889 designated as Davis county), northeastern Kansas, U.S. It is situated at the confluence of the Republican and Smoky Hill rivers. Junction City ...
(from the article "radiation measurement") ...is a p-type; if excess free electrons are formed, it is an n-type semiconductor.) A thin layer of the oppositely doped silicon is created on one surface, forming a rectifying ...
(from the article "electronics") ...important type of transistor developed by the early 1960s is the field-effect transistor, such as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, or MOSFET (see figure). Another type, the junction field-effect transistor, works ...
(from the article "Kirchhoff's circuit rules") The first rule, the junction theorem, states that the sum of the currents into a specific junction in the circuit equals the sum of the currents out of the same ...
(from the article "immune system") ...though not entirely, at random, so that an enormous number of combinations can result. Additional diversity is generated from the imprecise recombination of gene segments-a process called junctional diversification-through which ...
(from the article "Spain") The army was based on the voluntary recruitment of soldiers or on contracts with soldiers from abroad. The units (jund), grouped according to the places of origin ...
(from the article "Pakistan") ...bloodletting. In June Karachi's military commander escaped an assassination attempt, but 11 others died in the incident; Musharraf laid blame for the rising violence in Karachi to the Jund Allah, ...
city, in the highlands of southern Sao Paulo estado (state), Brazil. It lies at 2,460 feet (750 metres) above sea level along the Jundiai River. Formerly called ...
any insect of the genus Phyllophaga, belonging to the widely distributed, plant-feeding subfamily Melolonthinae (family Scarabaeidae, order Coleoptera). These red-brown beetles commonly appear in the Northern Hemisphere during warm spring ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Denmark") ...Monrad, leaders of the newly formed National Liberal Party, were given seats. After a constituent assembly had been summoned, the absolute monarchy was abolished; it was replaced by the so-called ...
(from the article "France") The immediate consequence was a brief and bloody civil war in Paris-the so-called June Days (June 23-26, 1848). Thousands of workers suddenly cut off the state payroll were joined by ...
(June [July, New Style], 1917), unsuccessful military operation of World War I, planned by the Russian minister of war Aleksandr Kerensky. The operation not only demonstrated the degree to which ... [1 Related Articles]
city and borough, capital (since 1906) of Alaska, U.S. The city, at the heart of the Inside Passage (Alaska Marine Highway), is located in the southeastern part of the state, ... [2 Related Articles]
town, south-central New South Wales, Australia, just north of Wagga Wagga in the fertile Riverina district. Founded in 1863 as Jewnee, it was known as Jewnee Junction or Loftus when ...
(from the article "Pakistan") ...out in considerable numbers to elect new legislatures and thereby end still another extended period of martial law. Zia ul-Haq used the occasion of the convening of the national assembly ...
prime minister and virtual ruler of Nepal from 1846 to 1877, who established the powerful Rana dynasty of hereditary prime ministers, an office that remained in his family until 1951. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "patristic literature") ...near Naj' Hammadi, in Egypt on the Nile about 78 miles northwest of Luxor, of 13 codices containing Christian Gnostic treatises in Coptic translations. Among these, the Jung Codex (named ...
Though Avon Products, Inc., the world's largest direct-selling company, had built its reputation selling women's cosmetics door-to-door, its 115-year-old sales strategy was being revamped to draw on Avon CEO Andrea ...
Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist who founded analytic psychology, in some aspects a response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. Jung proposed and developed the concepts of the extraverted and the introverted personality, ... [31 Related Articles]
(from the article "logic, history of") The Logica Hamburgensis (1638) of Joachim Jung (also called Jungius or Junge) was one replacement for the "Protestant" logic of Melanchthon. Its chief virtue was the care with which late ...
German writer best known for his autobiography, Heinrich Stillings Leben, 5 vol. (1806), the first two volumes of which give a vividly realistic picture of village life in an 18th-century ...
German motion-picture set designer who worked in England for more than 30 years and who was credited with doing more for the reputation of British set design than any Englishman. [1 Related Articles]
German secretary (b. March 16, 1920, Munich, Ger.-d. Feb. 10/11, 2002, Munich), was Adolf Hitler's private secretary from December 1942 until he dictated his last will and testament to her ...
German novelist and essayist, an ardent militarist who was one of the most complex and contradictory figures in 20th-century German literature. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "bryophyte") ...separate the family Treubiaceae (2 genera) into the segregate order Treubiales on the basis of several unusual morphological features of the gametophytes.Leaves flattened, in 2 or 3 rows, usually ...
(from the article "Literature") ...and fantasy intermingle. Eriksen's second work of 2005, Dunkle katastrofer, consisted of three crime stories. In Grill Ib Michael focused on a love story set amid the war in Iraq, ...
well-known Swiss peak (13,642 feet [4,158 m]) dominating the Lauterbrunnen valley and lying 11 miles (18 km) south-southeast of the resort of Interlaken. The scenic mountain separates the cantons of ... [1 Related Articles]
