| | - Judas tree
- (from the article "redbud") Another redbud, C. siliquastrum, from the Mediterranean region, is often called Judas tree, for the betrayer of Christ, who is said to have hanged himself from such a tree, after ...
- Judas, Gospel of
- apocryphal Christian scripture from the 2nd century AD attributed to the apostle Judas Iscariot. The gospel advances a Gnostic cosmology and portrays Judas in a positive light as the only ... [4 Related Articles]
- Judas, Saint
- one of the original Twelve Apostles. He is distinguished in John 14:22 as "not Iscariot" to avoid identification with the betrayer of Jesus, Judas Iscariot. Listed in Luke 6:16 and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Judd, Charles Hubbard
- U.S. psychologist and exponent of the use of scientific methods in the study of educational problems. His research dealt with psychological issues of school curriculum, pedagogical methods, and the nature ...
- Judd, Chris
- (from the article "Football") ...back gallantly until the closing minutes. The 12.13 (85)-12.12 (84) win gave the Eagles their third AFL title, adding to the victories in 1992 and 1994. They were brilliantly led ...
- Judd, Donald
- American artist and critic associated with minimalism. Credited as minimalism's principal spokesman, Judd wrote what is considered to be one of the most significant texts of the movement, [2 Related Articles]
- Judd, Gerrit P
- U.S. missionary to Hawaii who played a crucial role in governing the islands. [1 Related Articles]
- Jude, Letter of
- brief New Testament letter written to a general Christian audience by one who called himself "Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James"; the author's identity is uncertain. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Judenrate
- Jewish councils established in German-occupied Poland and eastern Europe during World War II to implement German policies and maintain order in the ghettos to which the Nazis confined the country's ...
- Judeo-Aramaic language
- (from the article "Aramaic language") ...into East and West varieties. West Aramaic dialects include Nabataean (formerly spoken in parts of Arabia), Palmyrene (spoken in Palmyra, which was northeast of Damascus), Palestinian-Christian, and Judeo-Aramaic. West Aramaic ...
- judge
- (from the article "court") A court is a complex institution that requires the participation of many people: judges, the parties, their lawyers, witnesses, clerks, bailiffs, probation officers, administrators, and many others, including, in certain ...
- judge
- (from the article "boxing") A referee is stationed inside the ring with the boxers and regulates the bout. In some jurisdictions the referee scores the contest along with two judges outside the ring. In ...
- judge of the frontier
- (from the article "Spain") During this long era there also developed the institution of the "judge of the frontier" (juez de la frontera y de los fieles del rastro); the judge ...
- Judge, William Q.
- (from the article "theosophy") ...theosophical movement was born with the founding of the Theosophical Society in New York City in 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-91), Henry Steel Olcott (1832-1907), and William Quan Judge ...
- Judges' Rules
- (from the article "crime") ...at trial of any involuntary statement made by an accused person. That rule was supplemented by more-detailed rules governing the questioning of suspected persons by the police, known as the ...
- Judges, Book of
- an Old Testament book that, along with Deuteronomy, Joshua, I and II Samuel, and I and II Kings, belongs to a specific historical tradition (Deuteronomic history) that was first committed ... [3 Related Articles]
- judgment
- in all legal systems, a decision of a court adjudicating the rights of the parties to a legal action before it. A final judgment is usually a prerequisite of review ... [5 Related Articles]
- judgment
- (from the article "Nishida Kitaro") According to Nishida, judgment is formed by analysis of the intuitive whole. For instance, the judgment that a horse runs is derived from the direct experience of a running horse. ...
- judgment in personam
- (from the article "judgment") A judgment generally operates to settle finally and authoritatively matters in dispute before a court. Judgments may be classified as in personam, in rem, or quasi in rem. An in ...
- judgment in rem
- (from the article "conflict of laws") Both civil-law and common-law countries have special rules governing suits for judgments in rem (Latin: "with respect to the thing"), which concern proprietary legal rights. Unlike actions ...
- Judgment of Osiris
- (from the article "Maat") The ceremony of judgment of the dead (called the "Judgment of Osiris," named for Osiris, the god of the dead) was believed to focus upon the weighing of the heart ...
- Judicature Act of 1873
- in England, the act of Parliament that created the Supreme Court of Judicature (q.v.) and also, inter alia, enhanced the role of the House of Lords to act as a ... [7 Related Articles]
- Judicature Acts
- (from the article "Australia") As remarked above, the constitutional structure was authoritarian. The governors were all service officers. There were no representative institutions, but Acts introduced in 1823 and 1828 provided for executive and ...
- Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
- a British tribunal composed of certain members of the Privy Council that, on petition, hears various appeals from the United Kingdom, the British crown colonies, and members of the Commonwealth ... [1 Related Articles]
- Judicial Conference of the United States
- the national administrative governing body of the U.S. federal court system. It is composed of 26 federal judges and the chief justice of the United States, who is the presiding ... [1 Related Articles]
- judicial hypothec
- (from the article "hypothec") ...judicial, and legal. Contractual hypothecs are those made between individuals, and they must be notarized before witnesses. It is necessary to state the amount to be secured in the document. ...
- judicial lawmaking
- (from the article "court") All courts apply preexisting rules (statutes) formulated by legislative bodies, though the procedures vary greatly between common-law and civil-law countries. In applying these rules, however, courts must also interpret them, ...
- judicial review
- power of the courts of a country to examine the actions of the legislative, executive, and administrative arms of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with ... [11 Related Articles]
- Judicial Services Commission
- (from the article "Zambia") ...forces, is elected by universal adult suffrage to a five-year term of office. He is empowered to appoint the vice president, the chief justice, and members of the High Court ...
- judicial settlement
- (from the article "international law") ...claimants (e.g., in the dispute between the United States and Iran arising out of the 1979 Iranian revolution), while in others the tribunal will exercise jurisdiction over a single issue ...
- judiciary
- branch of government whose task is the authoritative adjudication of controversies over the application of laws in specific situations. [14 Related Articles]
- Judiciary Act
- (from the article "attorney general") The office of attorney general of the United States was created by the Judiciary Act of 1789 that divided the country into districts and set up courts in each one, ...
- Judiciary Act
- (from the article "United States") Most cases reach the Supreme Court through its appellate jurisdiction. The Judiciary Act of 1925 provided the justices with the sole discretion to determine their caseload. In order to issue ...
- Judische Wissenschaft
- (from the article "Hebrew literature") Galicia's chief contribution was to the Judische Wissenschaft, a school of historical research with Romanticist leanings. The impact of Haskala ideas upon the humanistic Italo-Hebrew tradition produced a short literary ...
- Judith
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...it also describes how a woman saved her people from impending massacre by her cunning and daring. The name of the heroine occurs already in Gen. 26:34 as a Gentile ...
- Judith, Book of
- apocryphal work excluded from the Hebrew and Protestant biblical canons but included in the Septuagint (Greek version of the Hebrew Bible) and accepted in the Roman canon. [1 Related Articles]
- judo
- system of unarmed combat, now primarily a sport. The rules of the sport of judo are complex; the objective is to cleanly throw, to pin, or to master the opponent, ... [10 Related Articles]
- judogi
- (from the article "judo") ...rather than to oppose it directly. A ritual of courtesy in practice is intended to promote an attitude of calm readiness and confidence. The usual costume, known as
- Judson Dance Theater
- (from the article "Rainer, Yvonne") ...She found herself more strongly drawn to modern dance than acting, however, and began studying at the Martha Graham School and later with Merce Cunningham. Rainer was one of the ...
- Judson, Adoniram
- American linguist and Baptist missionary in Myanmar (Burma), who translated the Bible into Burmese and wrote a now standard Burmese dictionary. [2 Related Articles]
- Judson, E.Z.C.
- American adventurer and writer, an originator of the so-called dime novels that were popular during the late 19th century. [3 Related Articles]
- Judson, Whitcomb L.
- (from the article "zipper") The idea of a slide fastener was exhibited by Whitcomb L. Judson at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. Judson's fastener, called a clasp locker, was an arrangement ...
- Judy
- (from the article "Punch") ...first references to Punchinello, soon shortened to Punch, appeared in the writings of the English diarist Samuel Pepys. By 1700 practically every puppet show in England featured Punch, and his ...
- jue
- type of ancient Chinese pitcherlike container used for wine and characterized by an elegant and dynamic shape. [1 Related Articles]
- Juel, Niels
- naval officer who guided the development of the Danish Navy in the late 17th century and led the Danish fleet to important victories over Sweden in the Scanian War (1675-79).
- jug orchid
- (from the article "greenhood") ...with hairs. Packets of pollen grains become attached to the insect as it escapes, and the pollen is thus carried to other flowers. Some species of greenhoods are commonly known ...
- jugatio-capitatio
- (from the article "ancient Rome") ...number of officials were costly, and inflation reduced the resources of the state. The annona, set up by Septimius Severus, had proved imperfect, and Diocletian now reformed it through the ...
- juge d'instruction
- in France, magistrate responsible for conducting the investigative hearing that precedes a criminal trial. In this hearing the major evidence is gathered and presented, and witnesses are heard and depositions ...
- juge-mage
- (from the article "France") Local administration was marked by the proliferation of officers subordinate to the bailiffs and seneschals. The chief judge (juge-mage) assumed the seneschal's judicial functions in the south; ...
- Jugendstil
- artistic style that arose in Germany about the mid-1890s and continued through the first decade of the 20th century, deriving its name from the Munich magazine Die Jugend ("Youth"), which ...
- juggernaut
- (from the article "Jagannatha") ...Reports of these processions in the past have been much exaggerated, although accidents are common and occasionally a frenzied pilgrim attempts to throw himself under the wagon. The English word ...
- juggler
- (Latin joculare: "to jest"), entertainer who specializes in balancing and in feats of dexterity in tossing and catching items such as balls, plates, and knives. Its French linguistic equivalent, jongleur ... [1 Related Articles]
- Juglandaceae
- (from the article "Fagales") The large and economically important Juglandaceae, or the walnut and hickory family, contains 7-10 genera and 50 species, which are distributed mainly in the north temperate zone but extend through ...
- Juglar cycle
- (from the article "business cycle") The first authority to explore economic cycles as periodically recurring phenomena was the French physician and statistician Clement Juglar, who in 1860 identified cycles based on a periodicity of roughly ...
- Juglar, Clement
- French physician and economist who made detailed studies of cycles in business and trade. [1 Related Articles]
- Jugnauth, Sir Anerood
- (from the article "Mauritius") Area: 2,040 sq km (788 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 1,263,000 | Capital: Port Louis | Chief of state: President Sir Anerood Jugnauth | Head of government: Prime Minister ...
- jugular foramen
- (from the article "skeletal system, human") ...cranial fossa are two transverse grooves, each of which, in part of its course, is separated by extremely thin bone from the mastoid air cells in back of the ear. ...
- jugular vein
- (from the article "circulation") ...cardinal vein on each side, often called the duct of Cuvier, which carries blood ventrally into the sinus venosus. Various other veins join the cardinal veins from all over the ...
- jugum
- (from the article "lepidopteran") The forewings and hind wings on each side are coupled together in various ways. In primitive moths a fingerlike lobe on the forewing overlaps the base of the hind wing. ...
- jugum
- (from the article "Diocletian") ...as were wars and the legacy of an unstable financial situation. Diocletian's fiscal solutions are still debated; they constitute a very difficult problem. Two new taxes were instituted, the jugum ...
- Jugurtha
- king of Numidia from 118 to 105, who struggled to free his North African kingdom from Roman rule. [5 Related Articles]
- Juhayman al-'Utaybi
- (from the article "Saudi Arabia") ...World War II took place in November 1979 when the Haram mosque (Great Mosque) in Mecca, the holiest site in the world for Muslims, was seized by followers of a ...
- Juhaynah
- (from the article "Sudan, The") ...the nomads of the plains who raise cattle, sheep, and camels. Each Arab tribe or cluster of tribes is in turn assigned to a larger tribal grouping, of which the ...
- juhhal
- (from the article "'uqqal") ...participate fully in the Druze religious services, and have access to Druze scripture. The religious system of the Druzes is kept secret from the rest of their own numbers, who ...
- Juhoslovensky Karst
- (from the article "Vychodni Slovensko") ...attractions for tourists. The Pieniny National Park is centred on the Dunajec Gorge; other canyons, caves, and waterfalls are found in the Slovensky Raj ("Slovak Paradise"). The Juhoslovensky Karst is ...
- juice
- (from the article "sugar") Raw juice (containing 10 to 14 percent sucrose) is purified in a series of liming and carbonatation steps, often with filtration or thickening being conducted between the first and second ...
- juice extraction
- (from the article "fruit processing") Juice extractionsugarcanesugarJuice extractionAfter weighing, sugarcane is loaded by hand or crane onto a moving table. The table carries the
- Juigalpa
- city, central Nicaragua. It is situated on the flanks of the Sierras de Amerrique, in the rift valley in which Lakes Nicaragua and Managua are situated. The city is an ...
- Juilliard School
- internationally renowned school of the performing arts in New York, New York, U.S. It is now the professional educational arm of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. The Juilliard ... [1 Related Articles]
- Juilliard v. Greenman
- (from the article "Gray, Horace") ...his 21 years on the bench, Gray was distinguished for his broad knowledge of the court's previous decisions and the deft application of precedent to cases before him. In his ...
- Juilliard, Augustus D.
- banker and industrialist who bequeathed the bulk of his multimillion dollar fortune for the advancement of musical education and opera production in the U.S. Born of French parents who emigrated ...
- Juin, Alphonse
- officer of the French army who became a leading Free French commander in World War II. [1 Related Articles]
- Juiz de Fora
- city, southeastern Minas Gerais estado (state), Brazil. It is situated in the deep Paraibuna River valley between the Orgaos and Mantiqueira ranges. Formerly known as Paraibuna, Juiz ...
- Jujhar Singh
- (from the article "India") The next rebellion was led by Jujhar Singh, a Hindu chief of Orchha, in Bundelkhand, who commanded the crucial passage to the Deccan. Jujhar was compelled to submit after his ...
- jujitsu
- ("gentle art"), method of fighting that makes use of few or no weapons and employs holds, throws, and paralyzing blows to subdue an opponent. It evolved among the warrior class ... [1 Related Articles]
- jujube
- either of two species of small, spiny trees of the genus Ziziphus (family Rhamnaceae) and their fruit. Most are varieties of the common jujube (Z. jujuba), native to China, where ...
- Jujuy
- provincia (province), extreme northwestern Argentina, bordering Chile (west) and Bolivia (north). It comprises several cordilleras of the Andes Mountains-reaching elevations of 16,500 feet (5,000 metres) and separated ...
- jukebox
- (from the article "music recording") During the 1930s, as the American companies relied mainly on dance records in jukeboxes to satisfy a dwindled market, Europe supplied a slow but steady trickle of classical recordings. In ...
- Juksakka
- (from the article "Madderakka") Sami goddess of childbirth. She is assisted by three of her daughters-Sarakka, the cleaving woman; Uksakka, the door woman; and Juksakka, the bow woman-who watch over the development of the ...
- juku
- Japanese privately run, after-hours tutoring school geared to help elementary and secondary students perform better in their regular daytime schoolwork and to offer cram courses in preparation for university entry ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jukun
- a people living on the upper Benue River in Nigeria, commonly believed to be descendants of the people of Kororofa, one of the most powerful Sudanic kingdoms during the late ... [3 Related Articles]
- Julanda ibn Mas'ud, al-
- (from the article "Arabia, history of") ...imam in Hadhramaut, occupied Sanaa, and took Mecca and Medina, before the Umayyads drove them back to Hadhramaut. Oman had early become Kharijite; the first Ibadite imam, al-Julanda ibn Mas'ud, ...
- Jules Rimet Trophy
- (from the article "World Cup") The trophy cup awarded from 1930 to 1970 was the Jules Rimet Trophy, named for the Frenchman who proposed the tournament. This cup was permanently awarded in 1970 to then ...
- Juli, El
- Spanish matador, who created a sensation in the bullfighting world at the end of the 20th century. [2 Related Articles]
- Julia
- the Roman emperor Augustus' only child, whose scandalous behaviour eventually caused him to exile her. [2 Related Articles]
- Julia
- (from the article "Pompey the Great") ...their continued solidarity was essential if they were to secure what Caesar gained for them in 59. Caesar, for his part, wanted a long-term command. Pompey, who now married Caesar's ...
- Julia Domna
- second wife of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus (reigned 193-211) and a powerful figure in the regime of his successor, the emperor Caracalla. [4 Related Articles]
- Julia Maesa
- sister-in-law of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus and an influential power in the government of the empire who managed to make two of her grandsons emperors. [3 Related Articles]
- Julia Mamaea
- mother of the Roman emperor Severus Alexander and the dominant power in his regime. Mamaea was the daughter of Julia Maesa and niece of the former emperor Septimius Severus. Maesa ... [1 Related Articles]
- Julia set
- (from the article "Julia, Gaston Maurice") ...between points that tend to a limiting position as the iteration proceeds and those that never settle down. The former are now said to belong to the Fatou set of ...
- Julia, Gaston Maurice
- one of the two main inventors of iteration theory and the modern theory of fractals.
- Julia, Raul
- (RAUL RAFAEL CARLOS JULIA Y ARCELAY), Puerto Rican-born U.S. actor (b. March 9, 1940, San Juan, P.R.--d. Oct. 24, 1994, New York, N.Y.), was a dashing and handsome Latin stage ...
- Julian
- (from the article "Aphthartodocetism") ..."incorruptible"), a Christian heresy of the 6th century that carried Monophysitism ("Christ had but one nature and that divine") to a new extreme; it was proclaimed by Julian, bishop of ...
- Julian
- (from the article "Sudan, history of the") ...and the kingdom of 'Alwah in the south, with its capital at Subah (Soba) near what is now Khartoum. Between 543 and 575 these three kingdoms were converted to Christianity ...
- Julian
- Roman emperor from AD 361 to 363, nephew of Constantine the Great, and noted scholar and military leader who was proclaimed emperor by his troops. A persistent enemy of Christianity, ... [21 Related Articles]
- Julian Alps
- range of the Eastern Alps, extending southeastward from the Carnic Alps and the town of Tarvisio in northeastern Italy to near the city of Ljubljana in Slovenia. Composed mainly of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Julian Bream Consort
- (from the article "Bream, Julian") ...had taken up the lute in 1950, which led to a collaboration with the British tenor Peter Pears in performances of lute songs by John Dowland and other Elizabethan composers. ...
- Julian calendar
- dating system established by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman republican calendar. By the 40s BC the Roman civic calendar was three months ahead of the solar calendar. ... [10 Related Articles]
- Julian Of Eclanum
- bishop of Eclanum who is considered to be the most intellectual leader of the Pelagians (see Pelagianism). [2 Related Articles]
- Julian of Norwich
- celebrated mystic whose Revelations of Divine Love (or Showings) is generally considered one of the most remarkable documents of medieval religious experience. She spent the latter part of her life ... [2 Related Articles]
- Julian period
- chronological system now used chiefly by astronomers and based on the consecutive numbering of days from Jan. 1, 4713 BC. Not to be confused with the Julian calendar, the Julian ... [2 Related Articles]
|
|
