| | - joruri
- in Japanese literature and music, a type of chanted recitative that came to be used as a script in bunraku puppet drama. Its name derives from the [6 Related Articles]
- Jorurihime monogatari
- (from the article "Japan") About the turn of the 17th century, the Jorurihime monogatari (a type of romantic ballad), which drew on the traditions of the medieval narrative story, was for the first time ...
- Jos
- town, capital of Plateau state, on the Jos Plateau (altitude 4,250 feet [1,295 metres]) of central Nigeria, on the Delimi River and near the source of the Jamaari River (called ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jos Museum
- (from the article "museums, history of") ...museums. Museums have been established in the principal cities of Nigeria by its National Museums and Monuments Commission to assist in developing cultural identity and promoting national unity. The Jos ...
- Jos Plateau
- tableland in Plateau State, central Nigeria, distinguished by its high bounding scarp and by bare grassland and embracing Africa's chief tin-mining region. Its central area covers about 3,000 sq mi ... [4 Related Articles]
- Joscelin of Courtenay
- (from the article "Crusades") After Baldwin I's death in 1118, the throne passed to his cousin Baldwin of Le Bourcq (Baldwin II), who left Edessa to another cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay. In 1124 Tyre, ...
- Jose Marti International Airport
- (from the article "Havana") ...Havana became the key terminus for both rail and road links from the east and west. Also, Havana became the main gateway for international air transport. The old Rancho Boyeros ...
- Joseffy, Rafael
- Hungarian pianist and teacher and one of the great performers of his day, admired for his subtlety of poetic expression and finely nuanced dynamic control.
- Josel Of Rosheim
- also called Joselmann, or Joselin, Of Rosheim, or Joseph Ben Gershon Loans famous shtadlan (advocate who protected the interests and pled the cause of the Jewish people); through persistent legal ...
- Joselito
- Spanish matador, considered one of the greatest of all time. With Juan Belmonte he revolutionized the art of bullfighting in the second decade of the 20th century. [4 Related Articles]
- Joseph
- in the Old Testament, son of the patriarch Jacob and his wife Rachel. As Jacob's name became synonymous with all Israel, so that of Joseph was eventually equated with all ... [1 Related Articles]
- Joseph
- king of Portugal from 1750 to 1777, during whose reign power was exercised by his minister, Sebastiao de Carvalho, marques de Pombal. [1 Related Articles]
- Joseph Bonaparte Gulf
- inlet of the Timor Sea, having a width of 200 miles (320 km) and indenting the north coast of Australia for 100 miles. Although its western limit is generally agreed ...
- Joseph Clerissy factory
- (from the article "Marseille faience") tin-glazed earthenware made in Marseille in the 18th century. The Joseph Clerissy factory, active in 1677-1733, produced wares usually in blue with purple outlines. The Fauchier factory excelled in trompe ...
- Joseph Ferdinand
- (from the article "Spanish Succession, War of the") ...to which there were three principal claimants, England, the Dutch Republic, and France had in October 1698 signed the First Treaty of Partition, agreeing that on the death of Charles ...
- Joseph I
- Holy Roman emperor from 1705, who unsuccessfully fought to retain the Spanish crown for the House of Habsburg. [6 Related Articles]
- Joseph II
- Holy Roman emperor (1765-90), at first coruler with his mother, Maria Theresa (1765-80), and then sole ruler (1780-90) of the Austrian Habsburg dominions. An "enlightened despot," he sought to introduce ... [28 Related Articles]
- Joseph Loomis House
- (from the article "Windsor") ...larger area, which included the present town sites of Windsor Locks, East Windsor, South Windsor, Simsbury, Bloomfield, and Ellington. Several colonial buildings remain in the town, including the Joseph Loomis ...
- Joseph Master
- (from the article "Western sculpture") Once again, the style changed. On the west front of Reims worked a man called after his most famous figure, the Joseph Master. Working in a style that probably originated ...
- Joseph of Arimathea, Saint
- according to all four Gospels, a secret disciple of Jesus, whose body he buried in his own tomb. In designating him a "member of the council," Mark 15:43 and Luke ...
- Joseph of Portsoken, Keith Sinjohn Joseph
- BARON, British politician (b. Jan. 17, 1918, London, England--d. Dec. 10, 1994, London), converted (during the 1980s) the British Conservative Party under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher from Keynesian demand ...
- Joseph of Volokolamsk, Saint
- Russian Orthodox abbot and theologian whose monastic reform emphasized strict community life and social work. [2 Related Articles]
- Joseph Prudhomme, M. and Mme.
- (from the article "Monnier, Henri") Monnier, obsessed with the pettiness and mediocrity of middle-class life, created the characters Monsieur and Madame Joseph Prudhomme as ideal representatives of the complacent French bourgeoisie. He used them to ...
- Joseph's-coat
- (from the article "Amaranthaceae") ...leaves. The genus Amaranthus contains about 60 species of herbs, including the ornamentals love-lies-bleeding, or Inca wheat (A. caudatus), prince's feather (A. hybridus), and Joseph's-coat (A. tricolor), and many weedy ...
- Joseph, Chief
- Nez Perce chief who, faced with settlement by whites of tribal lands in Oregon, led his followers in a dramatic effort to escape to Canada. [1 Related Articles]
- Joseph, Father
- French mystic and religious reformer whose collaboration with Cardinal de Richelieu (the "Red Eminence") gave him powers akin to those of a foreign minister, especially during Richelieu's ambitious campaign to ...
- Joseph, Kerry
- (from the article "Football") ...Grey Cup victory over the Winnipeg Blue Bombers on November 25 in Toronto. Andy Fantuz, the game's Outstanding Canadian, caught the decisive fourth-quarter touchdown pass of 29 yd from quarterback ...
- Joseph, Saint
- in the New Testament, Jesus' earthly father, the Virgin Mary's husband, and in Roman Catholicism patron of the universal church. His life is recorded in the Gospels, particularly Matthew and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Josephine
- consort of Napoleon Bonaparte and empress of the French. [4 Related Articles]
- Josephine-Charlotte
- (from the article "Luxembourg") Grand Duchess Josephine-Charlotte, mother of Grand Duke Henri, died at age 77 on January 10. In her honour the grand duke named Luxembourg's new concert venue the Grande-Duchesse Josephine-Charlotte Concert ...
- Josephinism
- (from the article "Pius VI") ...visiting Vienna but failed to secure any concessions. Joseph's application of Febronianism, an ecclesiastical doctrine that advocated restriction of papal power, subsequently became known as Josephinism. Meanwhile, the church in ...
- Josephism
- (from the article "Italy") ...ruler after Maria Theresa's death in 1780. The old system of public administration and magistratures came under attack and was abolished by 1786. In the 1770s and '80s the reform ...
- Josephist
- (from the article "Arsenius Autorianus") After Arsenius' deposition, the empire was split into two factions known as the Arsenites (followers of Arsenius) and the Josephists (followers of Joseph, Arsenius' second successor). The Arsenites fanatically opposed ...
- Josephoartigasia monesi
- (from the article "rodent") ...50 to 60 cm at the shoulder, with a body 100 to 135 cm long. Some extinct species were even larger, attaining the size of a black bear or small ...
- Josephs, Wilfred
- (from the article "sonata") ...of the sonata form with the equal-voice polyphony characteristic of the English fantasia and madrigal (a genre of part-song) of Elizabethan and Jacobean times. The Second Symphony of Wilfred Josephs ...
- Josephson current
- (from the article "Josephson effect") The Josephson current flows only if no battery is connected across the two superconductors. If a battery is inserted, the current oscillates very rapidly so that no net current flows. ...
- Josephson effect
- flow of electric current between two pieces of superconducting material separated by a thin layer of insulating material. Superconductors are materials that lose all electrical resistance when cooled below a ... [4 Related Articles]
- Josephson junction
- (from the article "conductive ceramics") ...atomic nuclei in body tissues. Potential applications include wires for highly efficient superconducting magnets and low-loss electric power transmission lines, as well as advanced devices such as Josephson junctions and ...
- Josephson sisters
- American synchronized duet swimmers who won 16 consecutive championships in 1991 and 1992.
- Josephson, Brian D.
- British physicist whose discovery of the Josephson effect while a 22-year-old graduate student won him a share (with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever) of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics. [3 Related Articles]
- Josephson, Karen
- (from the article "Josephson sisters") Karen Josephson (b. Jan. 10, 1964Bristol, Conn., U.S.) and her identical twin, Sarah, entered their first senior nationals synchronized swim meet at the age of 12 and joined the U.S. ...
- Josephson, Matthew
- U.S. biographer whose clear writing was based on sound and thorough scholarship.
- Josephson, Sarah
- (from the article "Josephson sisters") ...Josephson (b. Jan. 10, 1964Bristol, Conn., U.S.) and her identical twin, Sarah, entered their first senior nationals synchronized swim meet at the age of 12 and joined the U.S. national ...
- Josephson-junction device
- (from the article "electronics") Josephson junction devices change from one electrical state to another in extraordinarily short times, offering the possibility of producing superconducting microcircuits that operate faster than any other kind known. Serious ...
- Josephus, Flavius
- Jewish priest, scholar, and historian who wrote valuable works on the Jewish revolt of 66-70 and on earlier Jewish history. His major books are History of the Jewish War (75-79), ... [13 Related Articles]
- Joshaqan rug
- floor covering handmade in the village of Joshaqan (Jowsheqan), north of Esfahan in central Iran. An astonishing melange of rugs has been attributed by various writers to this small place, ...
- Joshi, Ram
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...II (1796-1818). Its uninhibited lavani-style singing and powerful drumming and dancing give it an erotic flavor. The most famous tamasha poet and performer was Ram Joshi (1762-1812) of Sholapur, an ...
- Joshi, V. M.
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...Madhali Sthiti (1885; "Middle State"), of Hari Narayan Apte, began the novel tradition in Marathi; the work's message was one of social reform. A high place is held by V.M. ...
- Joshua
- ' ("Yahweh Is Deliverance"), the leader of the Israelite tribes after the death of Moses, who conquered Canaan and distributed its lands to the 12 tribes. His story is told ... [11 Related Articles]
- Joshua ben Hananiah
- (from the article "Johanan ben Zakkai") ...succeeded in getting permission to set up an academy in Jamnia (Jabneh), near the Judaean coast, and there he was joined by a number of his favourite disciples. Two of ...
- Joshua Roll
- (from the article "painting, Western") ...of the Evangelists. The work is usually of high quality. Some psalters contained marginal illustrations referring to contemporary events (i.e., the Iconoclastic Controversy). The 10th-century Joshua Roll is interesting as ...
- Joshua the Stylite
- monk of the convent of Zuknin and the reputed author of a chronicle covering mainly the period 495-506. Incorporated in a history that some have ascribed to Dionysius Telmaharensis but ...
- Joshua tree
- (from the article "angiosperm") ...branching occurs when the terminal bud ceases to grow (usually because a terminal flower has formed) and an axillary bud or buds become new leader shoots, called renewal shoots-e.g., the ...
- Joshua Tree National Park
- desert area in southern California, U.S., situated just east of Palm Springs and other adjacent communities and 60 miles (100 km) east of San Bernardino, on the border between the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Joshua, Book of
- the sixth book of the Old Testament, which, along with Deuteronomy, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, and 1 and 2 Kings, belongs to a tradition of Jewish history and law, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Josiah
- king of Judah (c. 640-609 BC), who set in motion a reformation that bears his name and that left an indelible mark on Israel's religious traditions (2 Kings 22-23:30). [13 Related Articles]
- Josias, Friedrich
- (from the article "Fleurus, Battle of") ...battle in the First Coalition phase of the French Revolutionary Wars. Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and Jean-Baptiste Kleber led 73,000 French troops against 52,000 Austrians and Dutch, under Friedrich Josias, prince of ...
- Josika, Miklos
- (from the article "Hungarian literature") In Hungarian literature, poetry was far ahead of drama, and the novel seemed slow in taking root. Miklos Josika, a disciple of Sir Walter Scott, was the first successful novelist. ...
- Josipovici, Gabriel
- French-born British novelist, literary theorist, dramatist, and short-story writer whose work is characterized by its experimental form and its attention to language.
- Josius of Tyre
- (from the article "Crusades") The news of the fall of Jerusalem reached Europe even before the arrival there of Archbishop Josius of Tyre, whom the Crusaders had sent with urgent appeals for aid. Pope ...
- Jospin, Lionel
- Socialist Party politician who served as prime minister of France (1997-2002) in a cohabitation government with conservative President Jacques Chirac. [3 Related Articles]
- Josquin des Prez
- one of the greatest composers of Renaissance Europe. [6 Related Articles]
- Jost Van Dyke Island
- one of the British Virgin Islands, in the Lesser Antilles, separating the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. It lies 4 miles (6 km) west of Tortola and adjoins Little Jost ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jostedals Glacier
- ice field, Sogn og Fjordane fylke (county), western Norway. It lies north of the deeply indented Sogne Fjord. The largest ice field in Europe (excluding Iceland), it is oriented northeast-southwest ... [1 Related Articles]
- jota
- courtship dance traditional in northern Spain, particularly Aragon; also a genre of folk song that precedes and accompanies the dance or is sung only. The dancing couple hold their arms ...
- Jotapata, siege of
- (from the article "Josephus, Flavius") ...Romans, under the command of the future emperor Vespasian, arrived in Galilee in the spring of AD 67 and quickly broke the Jewish resistance in the north. Josephus managed to ...
- jotter screen
- (from the article "theatre") ...the audience, drew attention to important developments in the action, leveled criticism, made accusations, and provided important facts. Piscator should also be credited with the innovation of the jotter screen, ...
- Jotunheim
- (from the article "Yggdrasill") in Norse mythology, the world tree, a giant ash supporting the universe. One of its roots extended into Niflheim, the underworld; another into Jotunheim, land of the giants; and the ...
- Jotunheim Mountains
- mountain range, south-central Norway. Extending for 80 miles (130 km) between Gudbrands Valley (east) and the Jostedals Glacier (west), the chain is surrounded by many lakes. The highest range in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jotunheimen National Park
- (from the article "Galdho Peak") ...a height of 8,084 feet (2,464 metres), including the icecap. Galdho was first climbed in 1850. Surrounded by glaciers and with a scenic view of other peaks, Galdho is a ...
- Jotvingian
- (from the article "Baltic states") ...northern Courland. The western Balts were divided into at least eight recognizable groupings. The westernmost, the Prussians, formed 10 principalities in what subsequently became East Prussia. The Jotvingians and Galindians ...
- Joubert, Barthelemy-Catherine
- French general during the Revolutionary era.
- Joubert, Brian
- (from the article "Ice Skating") There was no jumper more consistent than France's Brian Joubert, who unseated Switzerland's Stephane Lambiel as world champion. Lambiel settled for bronze behind silver medalist Daisuke Takahashi of Japan. Joubert ...
- Joubert, Christian Johannes
- (from the article "Johannesburg") ...40 miles west to east. In response to this influx, the government of the Transvaal, the small Boer republic under whose jurisdiction the Witwatersrand fell, dispatched two men, Vice President ...
- Joubert, Petrus Jacobus
- associate and rival of Paul Kruger who served as commandant general and vice president of the South African Republic. [2 Related Articles]
- Joubert, Pierre
- (from the article "life span") Of eight individuals for whom records substantiate the fact that each had lived more than 108 years, seven were females. Six of the eight were more than 110 years old ...
- Jouffroy d'Abbans, Claude-Francois-Dorothee, marquis de
- French engineer and inventor who in 1783 traveled upstream on the Saone River near Lyon in his Pyroscaphe, the first really successful steamboat. [1 Related Articles]
- Jouhaud, Gen. Edmond
- Algerian-born French air force chief of staff who, with three other French generals, staged an abortive coup in Algiers, 1961-62, in an attempt to prevent Algerian independence; he was sentenced ...
- Jouhaux, Leon
- French Socialist and trade-union leader who was one of the founders of the International Labour Organisation. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1951. [1 Related Articles]
- joule
- unit of work or energy in the International System of Units (SI); it is equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through one metre. Named ... [6 Related Articles]
- Joule's law
- in electricity, mathematical description of the rate at which resistance in a circuit converts electric energy into heat energy. The English physicist James Prescott Joule discovered in 1840 that the ...
- Joule, James Prescott
- English physicist who established that the various forms of energy-mechanical, electrical, and heat-are basically the same and can be changed, one into another. Thus he formed the basis of the ... [8 Related Articles]
- Joule-Thomson effect
- the change in temperature that accompanies expansion of a gas without production of work or transfer of heat. At ordinary temperatures and pressures, all real gases except hydrogen and helium ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jourdain, P. E. B.
- (from the article "number game") ...are false." Since Epimenides was a Cretan, the statement made by him is false. Thus the initial statement is self-contradictory. A similar dilemma was given by an English mathematician, P.E.B. ...
- Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste, Count
- (Comte) military commander remembered as the sponsor of conscription during the French Revolutionary regime and as one of Napoleon's marshals of the empire. [1 Related Articles]
- Jouret, Luc
- (from the article "Solar Temple, Order of the") The Solar Temple was founded in Geneva in 1984 by Luc Jouret, a homeopathic physician and New Age lecturer, and Joseph De Mambro. Its headquarters was later moved to Zurich, ...
- journal
- (from the article "bookkeeping") Although bookkeeping procedures can be extremely complex, all are based on two types of books used in the bookkeeping process-journals and ledgers. A journal contains the daily transactions (sales, purchases, ...
- journal
- an account of day-to-day events or a record of experiences, ideas, or reflections kept regularly for private use that is similar to, but sometimes less personal than, a diary.
- Journal Communications
- (from the article "Milwaukee Journal, The") In 1962 the employee-owned corporation bought the Milwaukee Sentinel from the Hearst Corporation. After running the two papers independently, the company, now called Journal Communications, merged them ...
- Journal de Geneve
- daily newspaper published in Geneva, Switzerland. Among French-language newspapers it was generally regarded as the best in Switzerland and one of the premier papers in the world. It was established ... [1 Related Articles]
- Journal des Debats, Le
- (French: "The Journal of Debates"), former Parisian daily newspaper that was one of the most influential organs of the French press in the 19th century. Founded in 1789 by Gaultier ... [1 Related Articles]
- journalism
- the collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through such media as pamphlets, newsletters, newspapers, magazines, radio, motion pictures, television, and books. The word journalism ... [27 Related Articles]
- Journey
- (from the article "Santana") ...With Caravanserai (1972) the group shifted toward jazz. Musicians began leaving the band, most notably Rolie and Schon, who formed Journey. Influenced in part by the philosophy ...
- Journey of Reconciliation
- (from the article "Freedom Rides") In 1946 the U.S. Supreme Court banned segregation in interstate bus travel. A year later the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Fellowship of Reconciliation tested the ruling by ...
- journeyman
- (from the article "work, history of the organization of") ...engaged in commerce and formed groups known as merchant guilds. The majority, however, were small merchant-craftsmen, organized in craft guilds as masters (of highest accomplishment and status), journeymen (at a ...
- joust
- western European mock battle between two horsemen charging each other with levelled lances, each attempting to unhorse the other. Early medieval tournaments consisted of melees, mock battles between two bodies ... [4 Related Articles]
- Joutel, Henri
- (from the article "La Salle, Rene-Robert Cavelier, sieur (lord) de") ...unsparingly. He was considered "one of the greatest men of the age" by Tonty, who, like Frontenac, was among the very few who were able to understand the proud spirit ...
- Jouve, Pierre-Jean
- French poet, novelist, and critic.
- Jouvenel, Bertrand de
- (from the article "futurology") In 1964 the French social scientist Bertrand de Jouvenel published L'Art de la conjecture (The Art of Conjecture), in which he offered a systematic philosophical rationale for the field. The ...
- Jouvenet, Jean
- French Baroque painter remembered for his religious works-e.g., The Miraculous Draught of the Fishes-and for his decorative ceiling paintings in the chapels of Versailles and the Invalides.
- Jouvet, Louis
- actor, director, designer, and technician, one of the most influential figures of the French theatre in the 20th century. [4 Related Articles]
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