| | - Jackson, Jackie
- (from the article "Jackson, Michael") ...most talented of five brothers whom his father, Joseph, shaped into a dazzling group of child stars known as the Jackson 5. In addition to Michael, the members of the ...
- Jackson, James
- (from the article "cereal processing") ...Adventists, who wished to avoid consumption of animal foods. In the 1860s they organized the Western Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek, Mich., later renamed the Battle Creek Sanitarium. James ...
- Jackson, Janet
- American singer and actress whose increasingly mature version of dance-pop music made her one of the most popular recording artists of the 1980s and '90s. [3 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Jermaine
- (from the article "Jackson, Michael") ...Tito Jackson (byname of Toriano Jackson; b. October 15, 1953Gary), Jermaine Jackson (b. December 11, 1954Gary), and Marlon Jackson...
- Jackson, Jesse
- American civil rights leader, Baptist minister, and politician whose bids for the U.S. presidency (in the Democratic Party's nomination races in 1983-84 and 1987-88) were the most successful by an ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jackson, John
- American blues guitarist (b. Feb. 25, 1924, Woodville, Va.-d. Jan. 20, 2002, Fairfax, Va.), was considered a master of the Piedmont blues tradition. While playing guitar for friends at a ...
- Jackson, John
- English bare-knuckle boxer who was influential in securing acceptance of prizefighting as a legitimate sport in England. [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, John Hughlings
- British neurologist whose studies of epilepsy, speech defects, and nervous-system disorders arising from injury to the brain and spinal cord helped to define modern neurology. [2 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Mahalia
- American gospel music singer, known as the "Queen of Gospel Song." [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Marjorie
- Australian athlete who won two Olympic gold medals and tied or set 13 world records. During the early 1950s, when Australians dominated women's sprint events, Jackson was the most outstanding ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Marlon
- (from the article "Jackson, Michael") ...Jermaine Jackson (b. December 11, 1954Gary), and Marlon Jackson (b. March 12, 1957Gary).
- Jackson, Maynard
- American lawyer and politician, who was the first African American mayor of Atlanta, Georgia, serving three terms (1974-82 and 1990-94). [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Mercy Ruggles Bisbe
- American physician and educator, a pioneer in the struggle for the admission of women to the practice of medicine.
- Jackson, Michael
- American singer, songwriter, and dancer who was the most popular entertainer in the world in the early and mid-1980s. Reared in Gary, Indiana, in one of the most acclaimed musical ... [6 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Michael
- British journalist and beer aficionado became the world's best-known evangelist for the pleasures of beer, especially English real ale and the wide variety of beers brewed in Belgium. Through his ...
- Jackson, Milt
- African-American jazz musician, the first and most influential vibraphone improviser of the postwar, modern jazz era. [3 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Peter
- an outstanding professional boxer. A victim of racial discrimination (Jackson was black), he was denied a chance to fight for the world heavyweight championship while in his prime. [2 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Peter
- New Zealand director, perhaps best known for his film adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings trilogy. [4 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Philip Douglas
- Although the media delighted in calling attention to his fascination with Eastern philosophy and Native American culture, Phil Jackson, head coach of the National Basketball Association's (NBA's) Chicago Bulls, stressed ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Rachel
- wife of U.S. Army general and president-elect Andrew Jackson, who became the seventh president of the United States (1829-37). She died less than three months before his inauguration. [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Raymond Allen
- British political cartoonist whose irreverent Evening Standard drawings entertained Londoners for some 30 years; he claimed he was the first to produce a caricature of Queen Elizabeth II, and one ...
- Jackson, Reggie
- professional baseball player. [2 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Robert H(oughwout)
- associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1941-54).
- Jackson, Sheldon
- American Presbyterian minister and educator, generally regarded as the foremost apostle of Presbyterianism in America.
- Jackson, Shirley
- American novelist and short-story writer best known for her story "The Lottery" (1948).
- Jackson, Shoeless Joe
- American professional baseball player, by many accounts one of the greatest, who was ultimately banned from the game because of his involvement in the 1919 Black Sox Scandal. [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Sir Frederick
- (from the article "Nansen, Fridtjof") ...a hut of stone and covered it with a roof of walrus hides and lived during the winter mainly on polar bear and walrus meat, using the blubber as fuel. ...
- Jackson, Sir Henry Bradwardine
- British naval officer responsible for the development of radio telegraphy in the British Navy.
- Jackson, Sir Mike
- (from the article "Literature") Gen. Sir Mike Jackson's Soldier: The Autobiography also drew attention because of its criticism of the coalition's actions in Iraq. A career soldier and former head of the British army, ...
- Jackson, Thomas Jonathan
- Confederate general in the American Civil War, one of its most skillful tacticians, who gained his sobriquet "Stonewall" by his stand at the First Battle of Bull Run (called First ... [9 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Tito
- (from the article "Jackson, Michael") ...were Jackie Jackson (byname of Sigmund Jackson; b. May 4, 1951Gary), Tito Jackson (byname of Toriano Jackson; b. October 15, 1953Gary), Jermaine...
- Jackson, Walter
- (from the article "Encyclopaedia Britannica") ...of continental Europe. Ownership of the Encyclopaedia Britannica passed permanently to the United States when the American publisher Horace E. Hooper, along with another publisher, Walter M. Jackson, purchased the ...
- Jackson, William
- English composer and writer on music, whose opera The Lord of the Manor (1780) held the stage for many years.
- Jackson, William Henry
- American photographer whose landscape photographs of the American West helped popularize the terrain. [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson-Sherman weathering stages
- (from the article "Jackson-Sherman soil weathering stages") ...mineralogy of the clay-size particles in soils is itself a reliable indicator of soil age. Any particular sequence of predominant clay mineralogy found in a soil is known collectively as ...
- Jackson-Vanik amendment
- (from the article "international relations") ...subsequent congressional acts designed to limit executive freedom in foreign policy. The War Powers Act of 1973 restrained the president's ability to commit U.S. forces overseas. The Stevenson and Jackson-Vanik ...
- Jacksonian Democracy
- (from the article "United States") Jacksonian democracyadministration of JacksonJackson, AndrewJacksonian DemocracyThe election of 1828 is commonly regarded as a turning point in the political history ...
- jacksonian epilepsy
- (from the article "epilepsy") Jacksonian seizures are partial seizures that begin in one part of the body such as the side of the face, the toes on one foot, or the fingers on one ...
- Jacksonville
- city, Pulaski county, central Arkansas, U.S., 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Little Rock. The locality was settled before the American Civil War but did not develop until the 1860s, ...
- Jacksonville
- city, Jackson county, southwestern Oregon, U.S. It lies along Jackson Creek, just west of Medford, in the foothills of the Siskiyou Mountains. It began in 1851-52 as a mining camp ...
- Jacksonville
- city, seat (1755) of Onslow county, southeastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies along the New River at the head of its estuary, about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Wilmington. ...
- Jacksonville
- city, seat (1822) of Duval county, northeastern Florida, U.S., the centre of Florida's "First Coast" region. It lies along the St. Johns River near its mouth on the Atlantic Ocean, ...
- Jacksonville
- city, seat (1825) of Morgan county, west-central Illinois, U.S. It lies about 35 miles (55 km) west of Springfield. Laid out in 1825 as the county seat by Johnston Shelton, ...
- Jacksonville.com
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") The most popular community-generated content was not deep, intellectual, journalistic-style stories, however. Jacksonville.com reported that in 2004 more than 80,000 community photos were submitted, including images of babies, dogs, cats, ...
- Jacmel
- town and port, on the southern coast of Haiti, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Port-au-Prince across the Tiburon Peninsula. Situated on a hillside overlooking palm-fringed Jacmel Bay, the town ...
- Jaco
- (from the article "East Timor") country occupying the eastern half of the island of Timor, the small nearby islands of Atauro (Kambing) and Jaco, and the enclave of Ambeno surrounding the town of Pante Makasar ...
- Jacob
- (from the article "Baltic states") Courland, nominally under Lithuanian suzerainty, developed as a virtually independent state. Duke Jacob (1642-82) actively fostered trade and industry and created a navy. He acquired two colonies: Tobago in the ...
- Jacob
- Hebrew patriarch who was the grandson of Abraham, the son of Isaac and Rebekah, and the traditional ancestor of the people of Israel. Stories about Jacob in the Bible begin ... [8 Related Articles]
- Jacob ben Asher
- Jewish scholar whose codification of Jewish law was considered standard until the publication in 1565 of the Shulhan 'arukh ("The Well-Laid Table") by Joseph Karo. [4 Related Articles]
- Jacob ben Hayim ibn Adonijah
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...accompanied by the Aramaic Targums and the major medieval Jewish commentaries-was edited by Felix Pratensis and published by Daniel Bomberg (Venice, 1516/17). The second edition, edited by Jacob ben Hayyim ...
- Jacob ben Isaac Ashkenazi
- (from the article "Yiddish literature") The most influential Yiddish rendering of the Bible was Tsene-rene ("Go Out and See"; Eng. trans. Tsenerene) by Jacob ben Isaac Ashkenazi. The text ...
- Jacob Joseph Of Polonnoye
- rabbi and preacher, the first theoretician and literary propagandist of Jewish Hasidism.
- Jacob Of Edessa
- distinguished Christian theologian, historian, philosopher, exegete, and grammarian, who became bishop of Edessa (c. 684). His strict discipline giving offense, he retired and devoted himself to study and teaching. [1 Related Articles]
- Jacob Of Serugh
- Syriac writer described for his learning and holiness as "the flute of the Holy Spirit and the harp of the believing church."
- Jacob's coat
- (from the article "copperleaf") ...plants of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), but usually A. wilkesiana, a popular shrub of tropical gardens that has red, blotched reddish brown, and pink foliage. It is also known widely ...
- Jacob's ladder
- any of about 25 species of the genus Polemonium of the family Polemoniaceae, native to temperate areas in North and South America and Eurasia. Many are valued as garden flowers ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...David Michalek into hyperslow-motion 10-minute huge projections shown three at a time. In September the installation, differently configured, traveled to the Los Angeles Music Center. The Jacob's Pillow festival, Becket, ...
- Jacob, Francois
- French biologist who, together with Andre Lwoff and Jacques Monod, was awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discoveries concerning regulatory activities in bacteria. [3 Related Articles]
- Jacob, Georges
- founder of a long line of French furniture makers. He was among the first cabinetmakers in France to use mahogany extensively and excelled at carved wood furniture, particularly chairs.
- Jacob, John
- (from the article "Jacobabad") ...Sindh province, Pakistan. The city lies at a junction of the Pakistan Western Railway and main roads through Sindh. It was founded in 1847 on the site of the village ...
- Jacob, Max
- French poet who played a decisive role in the new directions of modern poetry during the early part of the 20th century. His writing was the product of a complex ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jacob, Max
- (from the article "puppetry") ...Count Franz Pocci, a Bavarian court official of the mid-19th century, who wrote a large number of children's plays for the traditional marionette theatre of Papa Schmid in Munich. Important ...
- Jacob, Suzanne
- (from the article "Canadian literature") ...of Living Things). Similarly, Louise Dupre established her reputation as a poet before writing the well-received novel La Memoria (1996; Memoria). Suzanne Jacob has excelled in poetry with La Part ...
- Jacoba Of Bavaria
- duchess of Bavaria, countess of Holland, Zeeland, and Hainaut, whose forced cession of sovereignty in the three counties to Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, in 1428, consolidated Burgundian dominion ...
- Jacobabad
- city, Sindh province, Pakistan. The city lies at a junction of the Pakistan Western Railway and main roads through Sindh. It was founded in 1847 on the site of the ...
- Jacobean age
- (from Latin Jacobus, "James"), period of visual and literary arts during the reign of James I of England (1603-25). The distinctions between the early Jacobean and the preceding Elizabethan styles ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jacobean literature
- (from the article "English literature") ...confined to a single general statement that covers all cases, for each tragedy belongs to a separate category: revenge tragedy in Hamlet (c. 1599-1601), domestic tragedy in ...
- Jacobellis v. Ohio
- (from the article "obscenity") ...years the court struggled to develop a more adequate definition. The difficulty of the task was reflected in Associate Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart's concurring opinion in JacobellisOhio (1964), which ...
- Jacobellis, Lindsey
- (from the article "Skiing") American Lindsey Jacobellis, who lost the Olympic gold medal in 2006 with an ill-conceived celebratory move just before crossing the snowboardcross (SBX) finish line, bounced back strongly in 2007. She ...
- Jacobi, Abraham
- German-born physician who established the first clinic for diseases of children in the United States (1860) and is considered the founder of American pediatrics. [1 Related Articles]
- Jacobi, Carl
- German mathematician who, with Niels Henrik Abel of Norway, founded the theory of elliptic functions. [2 Related Articles]
- Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich
- German philosopher, major exponent of the philosophy of feeling (Gefuhlsphilosophie) and a prominent critic of rationalism, especially as espoused by Benedict de Spinoza. [2 Related Articles]
- Jacobi, Lotte
- German-American photographer noted for her portraits of famous figures.
- Jacobi, Mary Putnam
- American physician, writer, and suffragist who is considered to have been the foremost woman doctor of her era.
- Jacobi, Sir Derek
- English actor whose shy, self-effacing private demeanour belied his forceful, commanding stage presence. [1 Related Articles]
- Jacobin Club
- the most famous political group of the French Revolution, which became identified with extreme egalitarianism and violence and which led the Revolutionary government from mid-1793 to mid-1794. [20 Related Articles]
- Jacobin Constitution
- (from the article "France") ...quickly drafted a new democratic constitution, incorporating such popular demands as universal male suffrage, the right to subsistence, and the right to free public education. In a referendum this Jacobin ...
- Jacobite
- in British history, a supporter of the exiled Stuart king James II (Latin: Jacobus) and his descendants after the Glorious Revolution. The political importance of the Jacobite movement extended from ... [18 Related Articles]
- Jacobite
- (from the article "calligraphy") ...riddled with sects and heretical movements. After 431 the Syriac language and script split into eastern and western branches. The western branch was called Serta and developed into two varieties, ...
- Jacobs House
- (from the article "Wright, Frank Lloyd") ...Unlike the Prairie houses these "Usonians" were flat roofed, usually of one floor placed on a heated concrete foundation mat; among them were some of Wright's best works-e.g., the Jacobs ...
- Jacobs three-bladed windmill
- (from the article "turbine") ...higher rotor-tip speeds than windmills. Each blade is twisted like an airplane propeller. An automatic governor rotates the blades about their support axis to maintain constant generator speed. The Jacobs ...
- Jacobs, Aletta
- (from the article "contraception") ...practical purposes the education of the general populace on the subject of contraception was not initiated until the early 1800s. The first systematic work in contraception was begun in 1882 ...
- Jacobs, Bernard B.
- U.S. theatrical producer who wielded immense power and influenced the opening and closing of shows for 24 years as joint president of the Shubert Organization, which owned 17 of Broadway's ...
- Jacobs, Dolly
- (from the article "circus") ...to a Spanish cadence thrilled American audiences from 1925 until his retirement in 1959; Antoinette Concello, who became the first woman to perform the triple somersault on the trapeze in ...
- Jacobs, Harriet A.
- American abolitionist and autobiographer who crafted her own experiences into an eloquent and uncompromising slave narrative. [2 Related Articles]
- Jacobs, Helen Hull
- American tennis player and writer who, in the 1920s and '30s, became known for her persistence and her on-court rivalry with Helen Wills (Moody). [2 Related Articles]
- Jacobs, Hirsch
- U.S. trainer and breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses, the foremost trainer in the United States from 1933 until 1944. In 43 years as a trainer, Jacobs established a world record of ...
- Jacobs, Jane
- American-born Canadian urbanologist noted for her clear and original observations on urban life and its problems. [4 Related Articles]
- Jacobs, Joseph
- Australian-born English folklore scholar, one of the most popular 19th-century adapters of children's fairy tales. He was also a historian of pre-expulsion English Jewry (The Jews of Angevin England, 1893), ...
- Jacobs, Klaus Johann
- German-born Swiss entrepreneur and philanthropist took control of his family's coffee-trading business in 1969, moved (1973) the headquarters from Bremen to Zurich, and subsequently merged (1982) it with Suchard-Tobler to ...
- Jacobs, Lawrence R.
- (from the article "public opinion") ...them as pandering to public opinion to curry favour with their constituents or as being driven by the latest poll results. Such charges were questioned, however, by public opinion scholars ...
- Jacobs, Marc
- American star designer Marc Jacobs, known for his sartorial fashion interpretations of trends in contemporary art, modeling, and the rock music scene, teamed up with Japanese artist Takashi Murakami to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jacobs, W.W.
- English short-story writer best known for his classic horror story "The Monkey's Paw."
- Jacobsen, Arne
- Danish architect and designer of many important buildings in an austere modern style; he is known internationally for his industrial design, particularly for his three-legged stacking chair (1952) and his ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jacobsen, Erik
- (from the article "alcoholism") One of the popular modern drug treatments of alcoholism, initiated in 1948 by Erik Jacobsen of Denmark, uses disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide, known by the trade name Antabuse). Normally, as alcohol ...
- Jacobsen, Jens Peter
- Danish novelist and poet who inaugurated the Naturalist mode of fiction in Denmark and was himself its most famous representative. [1 Related Articles]
- Jacobsen, Josephine
- Canadian-born American poet and short-story writer. [1 Related Articles]
- jacobsite
- (from the article "jacobsite") manganese iron oxide mineral, a member of the magnetite (q.v.) series of spinels.structuremagnetite...sulfide veins. The magnetite series also cont
- Jacobson's organ
- an organ of chemoreception that is part of the olfactory system of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, although it does not occur in all tetrapod groups. It is a patch of ... [7 Related Articles]
- Jacobson, Dan
- South African-born novelist and short-story writer. [1 Related Articles]
- Jacobson, Israel
- (from the article "Judaism") ...had been shaped by the surrounding society and who desired above all to resemble their Gentile peers. Thus, the short-lived Reform temple established in Seesen in 1810 by the pioneer ...
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