| | - Jojitsu
- minor school of Buddhist philosophy introduced into Japan from China during the Nara period (710-784). The school holds that neither the self nor the elements that make up the mental ...
- jojoba
- (Simmondsia chinensis), leathery-leaved shrub in the box family (Buxaceae), native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, the capsules of which yield jojoba oil. The stiff-branched plant, which grows ...
- Jok
- (from the article "Lango") ...and that must be ritually liberated from the corpse. There was also a belief in a shadow self, or immaterial soul (tipo), that after death eventually was merged into a ...
- joka-machi
- (from the article "Japan") ...temples and feudal lords began to build towns by gathering merchants and craftsmen close to their headquarters. The power of the feudal lords stabilized when they built
- Jokai, Mor
- most important Hungarian novelist of the 19th century. Jokai's collected works (published 1894-98), which did not include his considerable journalistic writing, filled 100 volumes. Early works such as Hetkoznapok (1845; ... [1 Related Articles]
- joke
- (from the article "humour") ...that has puzzled philosophers since Plato. There is no clear-cut, predictable response that would tell a lecturer whether he has succeeded in convincing his listeners; but, when he is telling ...
- joker
- (from the article "euchre") ...Alsatian game called juckerspiel from the fact that its two top trumps are Jucker, meaning "jack." This word may also have influenced the choice of the term joker for the ...
- joking relationship
- relationship between two individuals or groups that allows or requires unusually free verbal or physical interaction. The relationship may be mutual (symmetrical) or formalized in such a way that one ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jokulsa a Fjollum
- river, northeastern Iceland, fed by the northern meltwaters of the Vatna Glacier in east-central Iceland; it flows northward for 128 miles (206 km) to Axar Fjord, an arm of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jokyu Disturbance
- (from the article "Toba, Go-") ...than a month later the uprising was over. Go-Toba and his two sons were exiled, and the Hojo family solidified their military and economic hold on the court. The incident ...
- Jolas, Eugene
- (from the article "Jolas, Eugene and Maria") Raised in Lorraine, France, Jolas worked as a journalist both in America and in France. As he rejected the industrial focus of American society in the 1920s, he also lost ...
- Jolas, Eugene and Maria
- American founders, with Elliot Paul, of the revolutionary literary quarterly transition.
- Jolas, Maria
- (from the article "Jolas, Eugene and Maria") ...both in America and in France. As he rejected the industrial focus of American society in the 1920s, he also lost faith in newspaper reporting and became more interested in ...
- Jolie, Angelina
- American actress known for her sex appeal and edginess as well as for her humanitarian work. She won an Academy Award for her supporting role as a mental patient in ... [2 Related Articles]
- Joliet
- city, seat (1845) of Will county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Des Plaines River, about 40 miles (65 km) southwest of downtown Chicago. Settled in 1833, it was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Joliot-Curie, Frederic
- (from the article "Nobel Prize Winners--directory") ...and in 1918 became her mother's assistant at the Institut du Radium of the University of Paris. In 1925 she presented her doctoral thesis on the alpha rays of polonium. ...
- Joliot-Curie, Frederic and Irene
- French physical chemists, husband and wife, who were jointly awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their discovery of new radioactive isotopes prepared artificially. They were the son-in-law and ...
- Joliot-Curie, Irene
- (from the article "Polonium") Irene Joliot-Curie, daughter of Nobelists Pierre and Marie Curie and winner of the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, wrote the polonium entry for the 1949 printing of the 14th edition ...
- Jolivet, Andre
- French composer noted for his sophisticated, expressive experiments with rhythm and new sonorities. [1 Related Articles]
- Jolley, Elizabeth
- British-born Australian novelist and short-story writer whose dryly comic work features eccentric characters and examines relationships between women. [1 Related Articles]
- Jolliet, Louis
- French-Canadian explorer and cartographer who, with Father Jacques Marquette, was the first white man to traverse the Mississippi River from its confluence with the Wisconsin to the mouth of the ... [6 Related Articles]
- Jolly balance
- device, now largely obsolete, for determining the specific gravity (relative density) of solids and liquids. Invented by the 19th-century German physicist Philipp von Jolly, it consists in its usual form ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jolly, George
- actor-manager who, after obscure beginnings, emerged as the leader of the last troupe of English strolling players in a tradition that influenced the German theatre.
- Jolly, Keith
- (from the article "Hopefield") ...species include an ancestral springbok, a sabre-toothed tiger, and very large wild pigs, lion, baboon, and buffalo; the horns of the buffalo have a span of 10 to 12 feet ...
- Jollydora
- (from the article "Connaraceae") ...genera of the order are Connarus (130 species), Rourea (80 to 90 species), Agelaea (50 species), Cnestis (40 species), and Byrsocarpus (20 species). The genus Jollydora, with six species distributed ...
- Jolo
- island and town, southwestern Philippines. The island, between the Sulu (west) and Celebes (east) seas, is characterized by lush tropical vegetation, many short streams, and several extinct volcanoes, including Mount ...
- Jolo
- (from the article "Jolo") ...acres (213 hectares). Jolo has considerable arable land that supports agriculture (rice, coconuts, cassava, fruits), but the principal economic activity is fishing. The main population centres are Jolo town, Parang, ...
- Jolobe, J. J. R.
- (from the article "African literature") The earliest exponents of written poetry were Samuel E.K. Mqhayi and J.J.R. Jolobe. While Mqhayi modeled his verse on traditional praise poetry, Jolobe experimented with such European-inspired forms as rhyme ...
- Jolof kingdom
- (from the article "Senegal") ...Morocco, and crossed into Spain. The Almoravid attacks on the Soninke empire of Ghana contributed to the empire's eventual decline. Between 1150 and 1350 the legendary leader Njajan Njay founded ...
- Jolson, Al
- popular U.S. singer and blackface comedian of the musical stage and motion pictures, from before World War I to 1940. His unique singing style and personal magnetism established an immediate ... [1 Related Articles]
- Joly, John
- Irish geologist and physicist who, soon after 1898, estimated the age of the Earth at 100,000,000 years. He also developed a method for extracting radium (1914) and pioneered its use ... [1 Related Articles]
- Joly, Yves
- (from the article "puppetry") ...Hurvinek, a precocious boy, and Spejbl, his slow-witted father. In France the prominent artists who designed for Les Comediens de Bois included the painter Fernand Leger. Yves Joly stripped the ...
- Jomini, Henri, baron de
- French general, military critic, and historian whose systematic attempt to define the principles of warfare made him one of the founders of modern military thought. [3 Related Articles]
- Jommelli, Niccolo
- composer of religious music and operas, notable as an innovator in his use of the orchestra.
- jomolo
- (from the article "African music") ...playing styles and instruments among Makonde and Makua-speaking peoples of northern Mozambique and among certain peoples of Cote d'Ivoire and Liberia, notably the Baule and the Kru. The jomolo of ...
- Jomon culture
- (5th or 4th millennium BC-c. 250 BC), earliest major culture of prehistoric Japan, characterized by pottery decorated with cord-pattern (jomon) impressions or reliefs. The artifacts of this Neolithic culture have ... [5 Related Articles]
- Jomon pottery
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") The name Jomon is a translation for "cord marks," the term Morse used in his book Shell Mounds of Omori (1879) to describe the distinctive decoration on the prehistoric pottery ...
- Jonah
- (from the article "biblical literature") The Book of Jonah, containing the well-known story of Jonah in the stomach of a fish for three days, is actually a narrative about a reluctant prophet. This fifth book ...
- Jonah crab
- (from the article "Jonah crab") North American crab species (Cancer borealis) closely related to the Dungeness crab (q.v.).relation to Dungeness crabDungeness crab
- Jonah, Book of
- the fifth of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets, embraced in a single book, The Twelve, in the Jewish canon. Unlike other Old Testament ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jonas
- first independent metropolitan of Moscow, elected in 1448.
- Jonas, Franz
- (from the article "Vienna") ...had fallen to 1,322,000. The immense task of providing food and shelter, repairing the transportation network, and rebuilding the city began under the mayors Theodor Korner (1945-51) and Franz Jonas ...
- Jonas, Justus
- German religious Reformer and legal scholar. A colleague of Martin Luther, he played a prominent role in the early Reformation conferences, particularly at Marburg (1529) and at Augsburg (1530), where ...
- Jonassaint, Emile
- Haitian politician (b. 1913, Port-de-Paix, Haiti--d. Oct. 24, 1995, Port-au-Prince, Haiti), served as president of Haiti for five months in 1994 as the puppet of the military regime that had ...
- Jonasson, Johannes Bjarni
- Icelandic poet and reformer whose works reflect his resistance to the political and economic trends that he perceived as threatening Iceland's traditional democracy.
- Jonathan
- in the Old Testament (I and II Samuel), eldest son of King Saul; his intrepidity and fidelity to his friend, the future king David, make him one of the most ...
- Jonathan ben Uzziel
- (from the article "biblical literature") The Targum to the Prophets also originated in Palestine and received its final editing in Babylonia. It is ascribed to Jonathan ben Uzziel, a pupil of Hillel, the famous 1st ...
- Jonathan Cape, Publishers
- (from the article "Cape, Jonathan") ...of coloured art reproductions and occasional publishers of books. In that capacity he met George Wren Howard; the two became friends, decided to set up on their own, and on ...
- Jonathan, Chief Leabua
- (from the article "Lesotho, flag of") ...flag of their own. Decades later a national flag was designed for hoisting on Independence Day, Oct. 4, 1966, when the nation became known as the Kingdom of Lesotho. The ...
- Jones Act
- statute announcing the intention of the United States government to "withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippine Islands as soon as a stable government can be established therein." The U.S. had ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jones Act
- (from the article "Puerto Rico") ...of local control and many other changes. During World War I the U.S. Congress responded to these pressures-and to the threat of German submarines prowling Caribbean waters-by passing the Jones ...
- Jones polynomial
- (from the article "Jones, Vaughan") ...(without cutting the loop), the associated Alexander polynomial is unchanged, or invariant. Both Alexander's polynomials and the new polynomials are specializations of the more general two-variable Jones polynomials. The Jones ...
- Jones, Alfred Gilpin
- Canadian statesman, opponent of confederation, and influential member of Parliament who served as lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia in 1900-06.
- Jones, Andruw
- (from the article "Baseball") ...of St. Louis was MVP in the NL. Michael Young of the Texas Rangers won the AL batting title with an average of .331. Derrek Lee of the Chicago Cubs ...
- Jones, Ben
- trainer of U.S. Thoroughbred racehorses, who trained six winners of the Kentucky Derby and two winners of all three events comprising the U.S. Triple Crown (the Derby, the Preakness, and ...
- Jones, Bill T.
- American choreographer and dancer who, with Arnie Zane, created the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. [2 Related Articles]
- Jones, Bob, Jr.
- American clergyman and educator (b. Oct. 19, 1911, Montgomery, Ala.--d. Nov. 12, 1997, Greenville, S.C.), was board chairman and chancellor of Bob Jones University, a fundamentalist Christian institution that gained ...
- Jones, Bobby
- U.S. amateur golfer, the first man to achieve the Grand Slam-winning in a single year the four major tournaments of the time. In 1930 he won the British and U.S. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jones, Brian
- (from the article "Rolling Stones, the") ...and Richards began composing their own songs, which not only ensured the long-term viability of the band but also served to place the Jagger-Richards team firmly in creative control of ...
- Jones, Brian, and Piccard, Bertrand
- At midday on March 20, 1999, a balloon carrying Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones 11,000 m (36,000 ft) above Mauritania floated past an imaginary finish line at longitude 9° 27' ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jones, Brian, and Piccard, Bertrand
- At midday on March 20, 1999, a balloon carrying Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones 11,000 m (36,000 ft) above Mauritania floated past an imaginary finish line at longitude 9° 27' ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jones, Casey
- American railroad engineer whose death as celebrated in the ballad "Casey Jones" made him a folk hero. [1 Related Articles]
- Jones, Charlotte
- (from the article "Performing Arts") Lloyd Webber's collaborators were playwright Charlotte (Humble Boy) Jones, Broadway lyricist David (City of Angels) Zippel, director Trevor Nunn, and designer William Dudley. The show, based on Wilkie Collins's ghostly ...
- Jones, Chuck
- American animation director of critically acclaimed cartoon shorts, primarily the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies film series at Warner Bros. studios. [2 Related Articles]
- Jones, Colleen
- (from the article "Curling") Canada's Colleen Jones rebounded from losing the gold to the U.S. in 2003 to claim her second women's world championship in six tries (she also won in 2001). Canada doubled ...
- Jones, Daniel
- (from the article "dictionary") During the 20th century the pronouncing dictionary, a type handed down from the 18th century, was best known by two examples, one in England and one in America. That of ...
- Jones, David
- (from the article "materials science") ...roughly that of an equivalent steel structure and thus defeat the purpose of the exercise. Fortunately, as was elegantly demonstrated in 1980 by two British materials scientists, Michael Ashby and ...
- Jones, David
- English artist of great originality and sensitivity. He was also a writer distinguished for complex poetic prose works of epic scope. [1 Related Articles]
- Jones, Deacon
- African-American professional football player, regarded as one of the sport's premier defensemen.
- Jones, Donald Forsha
- American geneticist and agronomist who made hybrid corn (maize) commercially feasible.
- Jones, E Fay
- American architect (b. Jan. 31, 1921, Pine Bluff, Ark.-d. Aug. 30, 2004, Fayetteville, Ark.), designed Thorncrown Chapel in Eureka Springs, Ark., which the American Institute of Architects rated among the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jones, Edward D.
- (from the article "Dow Jones average") ...among the most commonly used indicators of general trends in the prices of stocks and bonds in the United States. Dow Jones & Company, a financial news publisher founded by ...
- Jones, Edward P.
- American novelist and short-story writer whose works depict the effects of slavery in antebellum America and the lives of working-class African Americans.
- Jones, Elvin
- American jazz drummer and bandleader who established a forceful polyrhythmic approach to the traps set, combining different metres played independently by the hands and feet into a propulsive flow of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jones, Ernest
- psychoanalyst and a key figure in the advancement of his profession in Britain. One of Sigmund Freud's closest associates and staunchest supporters, he wrote an exhaustive three-volume biography of Freud. [1 Related Articles]
- Jones, George
- American honky tonk performer and balladeer considered to be one of the greatest country singers of all time. [1 Related Articles]
- Jones, Georgeanna Seeger
- American physician (b. July 6, 1912, Baltimore, Md.-d. March 26, 2005, Norfolk, Va.), pioneered (with her husband, Howard W. Jones, Jr.) the development in the U.S. of in vitro fertilization. ...
- Jones, Griffith
- (from the article "Wales") ...however, eventually transformed the religious adherence of the Welsh people at the expense of the established church. Although served by innumerable men of learning and devotion, among them Griffith Jones, ...
- Jones, Henry
- English surgeon, the standard authority on whist in his day, who also wrote on other games. [1 Related Articles]
- Jones, Henry Arthur
- English playwright who first achieved prominence in the field of melodrama and who later contributed to Victorian "society" drama. [1 Related Articles]
- Jones, Howard
- American collegiate gridiron football coach who made his mark on both West and East Coast football.
- Jones, Inigo
- British painter, architect, and designer who founded the English classical tradition of architecture. The Queen's House (1616-19) at Greenwich, London, his first major work, became a part of the National ... [13 Related Articles]
- Jones, Jacob
- U.S. naval officer who distinguished himself in the War of 1812.
- Jones, James
- U.S. novelist best known for From Here to Eternity (1951), a novel about the peacetime army in Hawaii just before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. [2 Related Articles]
- Jones, James Earl
- American actor who made his name in leading stage roles in Shakespeare's Othello and in The Great White Hope, a play about the tragic ...
- Jones, Jennifer
- (from the article "Selznick, David O.") ...and directed by Carol Reed; and Since You Went Away (1944), Duel in the Sun (1946), Portrait of Jennie (1948), and A Farewell to Arms (1957), all of which starred ...
- Jones, Jesse H(olman)
- U.S. banker, businessman, and public official, chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) from 1933 to 1939.
- Jones, Jim
- American cult leader who promised his followers a utopia in the jungles of South America after proclaiming himself messiah of the Peoples Temple, a San Francisco-based evangelist group. He ultimately ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jones, Jimmy
- (from the article "Jones, Ben") ...Pensive, Twilight Tear, Armed, Coaltown, Fervent, Faultless, Bewitch, Wistful, and Pot o' Luck. In 1947 Jones retired as full-time trainer and became general manager of Calumet Farm, where his son, ...
- Jones, Jo
- black American musician, one of the most influential of all jazz drummers, noted for his swing, dynamic subtlety, and finesse. [1 Related Articles]
- Jones, John
- (from the article "Religion") ...high-school biology teachers to read a statement asserting that intelligent design offers an alternative theory to evolution regarding the origin of life. In a 139-page opinion, U.S. District Judge John ...
- Jones, John
- Welsh-language satirical poet and social reformer who, under the impact of the French Revolution, produced some of the earliest Welsh political writings. Greatly influenced by the political and social essays ...
- Jones, John Paul
- (from the article "Led Zeppelin") ...Plant (b. Aug. 20, 1948West Bromwich, West Midlands), John Paul Jones (original name John Baldwin; b. Jan. 3, 1946Sidcup, Kent), and John...
- Jones, John Paul
- American naval hero in the American Revolution, renowned for his victory over British ships of war off the east coast of England (September 23, 1779). [4 Related Articles]
- Jones, Jonah
- American jazz musician (b. Dec. 31, 1909, Louisville, Ky.-d. April 30, 2000, New York, N.Y.), played Louis Armstrong-inspired trumpet in swing bands, recorded with Billie Holiday and Teddy Wilson among ...
- Jones, Jonathan
- (from the article "bridge") ...in New York. The Ambassador links the United States and Canada over the Detroit River. Because of heavy traffic on the river, a wide clearance was necessary. The steel suspension ...
- Jones, Kenny
- (from the article "Who, the") ...23, 1946London-d. September 7, 1978London). Moon was replaced by Kenny Jones (b. September 16, 1948London).
- Jones, Leisel
- (from the article "Swimming") Other standouts included American Leila Vaziri, who swam a world-record 28.16 sec in both the semifinal and the final of the 50-m backstroke; Australian Leisel Jones, who won the 100-m ...
- Jones, Lewis Ralph
- U.S. botanist and agricultural biologist, one of the first and most distinguished of American plant pathologists.
- Jones, Lloyd
- (from the article "Literature") The other Man Booker front-runner was Mister Pip (2006) by New Zealander Lloyd Jones. The novel, his 11th book, was only his second to be published in the U.K. (The ...
- Jones, Lois Mailou
- American painter and educator whose works reflect a command of widely varied styles, from traditional landscape to African-themed abstraction.
|
|
