| | - jingling Johnny
- musical instrument consisting of a pole ornamented with a canopy (pavillon), a crescent, and other shapes hung with bells and metal jingling objects, and often surmounted by horsetails. It possibly ...
- jingoism
- an attitude of belligerent nationalism, the English equivalent of the term chauvinism. The term apparently originated in England during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 when the British Mediterranean squadron was ...
- Jingpo language
- (from the article "Sino-Tibetan languages") ...in the widest sense of the word) comprises a number of dialects and languages spoken in Tibet and the Himalayas. Burmic (Burmese in its widest application) includes Yi (Lolo), Hani, ...
- Jingshan Park
- (from the article "Beijing") Jingshan (Prospect Hill) Park, also known as Meishan (Coal Hill) Park, is a man-made hill, more than a mile (1.6 km) in circumference, located north of the Forbidden City. The ...
- Jingtai
- reign name (nianhao) of the seventh emperor (reigned 1449-57) of the Ming dynasty. He ascended to the throne after his brother, the Zhengtong emperor, was captured while ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jingu
- semilegendary empress-regent of Japan who is said to have established Japanese hegemony over Korea.
- jingxi
- popular Chinese theatrical form that developed in the mid-19th century. It incorporated elements of huidiao from Anhui, dandiao from Hubei, and [9 Related Articles]
- Jingzhou
- city and river port, southern Hubei sheng (province), south-central China. It is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) near Lake Chang. The ...
- Jinhua
- city, central Zhejiang sheng (province), China. Jinhua is the natural centre of the eastern half of the Jin-Qu (Jinhua-Quzhou) Basin, being situated at the junction of two of the tributaries ...
- Jining
- former city, south-central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. In 2003 it became part of the large and newly formed Ulanqab municipality. [1 Related Articles]
- Jining
- city, southwestern Shandong sheng (province), China. In early times the seat of the state of Ren, it later became a part of the state of Qi, which ...
- Jinja
- town, southeastern Uganda, eastern Africa, where the Nile flows out of Lake Victoria, at 3,740 feet (1,140 metres) above sea level. The second largest town in Uganda, it was founded ... [3 Related Articles]
- jinja
- in the Shinto religion of Japan, the place where the spirit of a deity is enshrined or to which it is summoned. Historically, jinja were located in places of great ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jinja Honcho
- (from the article "jinja") ...revenue from tourism and local services such as kindergartens. Many priests work at second jobs to maintain themselves and their families. Most of the more than 97,000 shrines in Japan ...
- Jinji
- site of an almost inaccessible fortress constructed by the Hindu rulers of the Vijayanagar Empire (c. 1347-1642). It is located about 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Madras in the ...
- jink
- (from the article "twenty-five") If anyone wins the first three tricks straight off, that player may sweep the pool without further play. Alternatively, that player may lead to the fourth trick ("jink"), thereby undertaking ...
- Jinling Tower
- (from the article "Architecture and Civil Engineering") East Asia was home to most of the tallest buildings that had been constructed in recent years, and it was expected to gain many more, most notably the Jinling Tower ...
- Jinnah Barrage
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...Most of the Sind Sagar Doab, the most western of the doabs of Punjab, was an unproductive wasteland (known as the Thal Desert) before the construction of ...
- Jinnah, Mohammed Ali
- Indian Muslim politician, founder and first governor-general (1947-48) of Pakistan. [12 Related Articles]
- jinni
- in Arabic mythology, a supernatural spirit below the level of angels and devils. Ghul (treacherous spirits of changing shape), 'ifrit (diabolic, evil spirits), and si'la (treacherous spirits of invariable form) ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jinotega
- city, north-central Nicaragua. It lies in the central highlands just south of Lake Apanas. The city was a site of rebel incursions during the Contra war, mainly in the Jinotega ...
- Jinotepe
- city, southwestern Nicaragua. It is situated in the Diriamba Highlands at an elevation of 1,867 feet (569 m) above sea level. Given city status in 1883, it was a scene ...
- Jinpingmei
- the first realistic social novel to appear in China. It is the work of an unknown author of the Ming dynasty, and its earliest extant version is dated 1617. Two ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jinsha River
- westernmost of the major headwater streams of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), southwestern China. Its headwaters rise in the Wulan and Kekexili (Hoh Xil) ranges in western Qinghai province, to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jinshi
- market town, northern Hunan sheng (province), China. Administratively a county-level city under the city of Changde, it was established through separation from Lixian county, first in 1950, ...
- jinshi
- (from the article "Chinese civil service") ...created a system of local schools where scholars could pursue their studies. Those desiring to enter the upper levels of the bureaucracy then competed in the jinshi ...
- Jinshin-no-ran
- in Japanese history, war of imperial succession that brought an emperor with a secure military base to the Japanese throne for the first time in history. The war strengthened the ...
- jinwen
- (from the article "calligraphy") Jiaguwen was followed by a form of writing found on bronze vessels associated with ancestor worship and thus known as jinwen ("metal script"). Wine ...
- Jinzhong
- city, central Shanxi sheng (province), northeast-central China. It is situated on the Xiao River, about 15 miles (25 km) south of Taiyuan, the provincial capital. Jinzhong was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jinzhou
- former town, southern Liaoning sheng (province), China. Now administratively a district under the city of Dalian, it is situated on Jinzhou Bay, a part of the Bo ...
- Jinzhou
- city, western Liaoning sheng (province), China. It is strategically situated at the northern end of the narrow coastal plain between the Song Mountains and the Bo Hai ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jippensha Ikku
- (from the article "Japan") ...area, but late Tokugawa culture was primarily produced in Edo. Literary styles took various forms; representative authors are Santo Kyoden in the sharebon (genre novel), Jippensha Ikku in the kokkeibon ...
- Jirajara
- Indians of northwestern Venezuela who were extinct by the mid-17th century. The little known about them suggests that they were very similar culturally to the Caquetio (q.v.). [2 Related Articles]
- Jirasek, Alois
- the most important Czech novelist in the period before World War I, as well as a great national figure. [2 Related Articles]
- Jirja
- town, Sawhaj muhafazah (governorate), Upper Egypt. It is situated on the west bank of the Nile River, which encroached considerably on the town in the 18th and 19th centuries. In ...
- jito
- in feudal Japan, land steward appointed by the central military government, or shogunate, whose duties involved levying taxes and maintaining peace within the manor. First appointed at the beginning of ... [3 Related Articles]
- jitterbug
- exuberant ballroom dance popular in the 1930s and '40s, originating in the United States and spread internationally by U.S. armed forces during World War II. Its original freewheeling acrobatic swings ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jiu River
- river formed south of Petrosani, southwestern Romania, with the joining of two headstreams rising in the Valcan and Parang mountains. It then flows south, cutting a wild, deep gorge, the ...
- Jiuhua Mountains
- (from the article "Huang Mountains") ...elevation is about 3,300 feet (1,000 metres), but individual peaks exceed that; Mount Guangming is 6,040 feet (1,840 metres) high. A secondary range, somewhat lower in elevation, known as the ...
- Jiujiang
- river port and city, northern Jiangxi sheng (province), southeastern China. It lies along the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) to the west of its junction with Lake Poyang ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jiuling Mountains
- range in northern Jiangxi province, China. The range runs southwest-northeast from east of Changsha in Hunan province to the valley of the Xiu River west of Lake Poyang, a distance ...
- Jiulong River
- river in southeastern Fujian province, China. The river rises in the mountains northwest of Zhangzhou, draining a large interior basin above Zhangping. The Xinqiao River and the Yanshi River and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jiuquan
- city, western Gansu sheng (province), China. An important staging post on the ancient Silk Road to Central Asia, Jiuquan was founded in 111 BCE as a military ... [1 Related Articles]
- jiuta
- (from the article "stringed instrument") ...ensemble (by the early 20th century), the three-stringed bowed kokyu lute was used instead. The koto player may also sing. In jiuta the koto ...
- Jiuzhai River valley
- (from the article "Sichuan") ...in Sichuan and is of growing importance there. UNESCO World Heritage sites include not only the giant panda reserves and the Dujiangyan irrigation system but also the Mount Emei area ...
- jiva
- according to the philosophy of Jainism, "living sentient substance," or "soul," as opposed to ajiva, or "nonliving substance." [3 Related Articles]
- Jiva Gosvamin
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...not written anything, but the discourses recorded by contemporaries give an idea of his philosophical thought that was later developed by his followers, particularly by Rupa Gosvamin and Jiva Gosvamin. ...
- jivandan
- (from the article "India") ...to include gramdan ("gift-of-village"), in which villagers voluntarily surrendered their land to a cooperative system, and jivandan ("gift-of-life"), the giving of all one's labour, ...
- Jivaro
- South American Indian people living in the Montana (the eastern slopes of the Andes), in Ecuador and Peru north of the Maranon River. They speak a language of the Jebero-Jivaroan ... [5 Related Articles]
- jive
- (from the article "jitterbug") ...Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic flight), in which dancers usually did two slow "dig" steps (ball of the foot, then the heel) and two quicksteps (one foot back, one in place), and ...
- Jiwa', Al-
- (from the article "Arabia") ...the vast salt flat of the Matti salt marsh, which runs north about 60 miles to the Persian Gulf coast. East of the Matti the oasis hamlets of Al-Jiwa' (Liwa' ...
- Jixi
- city in southeastern Heilongjiang sheng (province), China. Located on the upper Muleng River, a tributary of the Ussuri (Wusuli) River, it is in a mountainous area rich ...
- Jiyane, Ziba
- (from the article "South Africa") ...a third "floor-crossing window," in which parliamentarians were allowed to switch parties. In KwaZulu/Natal the Inkatha Freedom Party was struck by the resignation of its chairperson, Ziba Jiyane, who formed ...
- Jizah, Al-
- muhafazah (governorate) of Upper Egypt, on the west bank of the Nile River, extending toward the southwest into the Western (Libyan) Desert as far as Al-Wadi al-Jadid governorate. It is ...
- Jizah, Al-
- city, capital of Al-Jizah muhafazah (governorate) of Upper Egypt, located on the west bank of the Nile just south-southwest of Cairo. It is a suburb of the national capital, with ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jizan
- town and port, southwestern Saudi Arabia, on the Red Sea opposite the Farasan Islands. Defined by the 1934 Treaty of Al-Ta'if as belonging to Saudi Arabia, the town has been ...
- Jizera Mountains
- part of the Sudeten mountain ranges in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, extending into Poland. It comprises a small group of peaks, though it has the highest point in the Czech ...
- Jizera River
- tributary of the Elbe (Labe) River in northern Czech Republic. It rises at the southern base of Smrk Mountain on the Polish border, in the Giant (Krkonose) Mountains, and flows ...
- Jizl-Hamd
- (from the article "Arabian Desert") ...however, reach the desert sands where the channels have been dammed. The directions taken by several large systems have been altered by stronger streams that have intercepted them, including Wadi ...
- jizya
- head or poll tax that early Islamic rulers demanded from their non-Muslim subjects. [8 Related Articles]
- Jizzax
- city, eastern Uzbekistan. The city is located in a small oasis irrigated by the Sanzar River, northeast of Samarkand. One of the most ancient settlements of Uzbekistan, it was situated ...
- jnana
- in Hindu philosophy, a word with a range of meanings focusing on a cognitive event that proves not to be mistaken. In the religious realm it especially designates the sort ... [3 Related Articles]
- jnana-marga
- (from the article "Hinduism") ...to salvation: the karma-marga ("path of duties"), the disinterested discharge of ritual and social obligations; the jnana-marga ("path of knowledge"), the use of meditative ...
- Jnanadeva
- foremost among the mystical poets of Maharashtra and composer of the Bhavarthadipika (popularly known as the Jnaneshvari), a translation and commentary in Marathi oral ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jnatrka
- (from the article "India") ...from monarchy to oligarchy, as in the case of Vaishali, the nucleus of the Vrijji state. Apart from the major states, there also were many smaller oligarchies, such as those ...
- Jo, Sumi
- In 2001 South Korean soprano Sumi Jo continued to grace the stages of major opera houses and concert halls throughout the world; she also released a critically acclaimed compact disc ...
- jo-ha-kyu
- (from the article "Tripartite form concept (jo-ha-kyu) in the Noh drama Yumi Yawata") ...music. Of course, examples of both ideals can be found in the music of both cultures; the concern here is with broad generalities. The fundamental terminology of the Japanese tripartite ...
- Joab
- in the Old Testament (2 Samuel), a Jewish military commander under King David, who was his mother's brother. He led the commando party that captured Jerusalem for David and as ... [1 Related Articles]
- Joachim Frederick
- elector of Brandenburg (1598-1608), eldest son of Elector John George.
- Joachim I Nestor
- elector of Brandenburg, an opponent of the Habsburg emperors, yet a devout Roman Catholic who prevented the spread of Protestantism in his lands during his lifetime. [1 Related Articles]
- Joachim II Hektor
- elector of Brandenburg who, while supporting the Holy Roman emperor, tolerated the Reformation in his lands and resisted imperial efforts at re-Catholicization.
- Joachim Of Fiore
- Italian mystic, theologian, biblical commentator, philosopher of history, and founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore. He developed a philosophy of history according to which history develops ... [12 Related Articles]
- Joachim, Al
- (from the article "Ritz Brothers") American comedy team of three brothers, celebrated for their parodies and energetic slapstick humour. Their true surname was Joachim, and the three were known as Al (Alfred; b. August 27, ...
- Joachim, Harold Henry
- (from the article "Idealism") ...Leibniz, and others. A revised form of Spinoza's spiritual monism, for example, which held that reality is one Substance to be identified with God, has been formulated by the Idealist ...
- Joachim, Harry
- (from the article "Ritz Brothers") ...as Al (Alfred; b. August 27, 1901, Newark, N.J., U.S.-d. December 22, 1965, New Orleans, La.), Jimmy (b. October 23, 1904, Newark, N.J.-d. November 17, 1985, Los Angeles, Calif.), and ...
- Joachim, Jimmy
- (from the article "Ritz Brothers") ...parodies and energetic slapstick humour. Their true surname was Joachim, and the three were known as Al (Alfred; b. August 27, 1901, Newark, N.J., U.S.-d. December 22, 1965, New Orleans, ...
- Joachim, Joseph
- Hungarian violinist known for his masterful technique and his interpretations of works of Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven. [1 Related Articles]
- Joachim, Prince
- (from the article "Denmark") ...a glittering ceremony in Copenhagen Cathedral on May 14 and was watched by 180 million television viewers worldwide. Euphoria over the royal nuptials was dented by the announcement in September ...
- Joad, C E M
- British philosopher, author, teacher, and radio personality. He was one of Britain's most colourful and controversial intellectual figures of the 1940s. A pacifist and an agnostic until the last years ...
- Joan
- (from the article "Philip V") Philip was the second son of Philip IV, who made him count of Poitiers in 1311. When his elder brother, King Louis X, died in 1316, leaving an infant daughter ...
- Joan
- queen of Castile (from 1504) and of Aragon (from 1516), though power was exercised for her by her husband, Philip I, her father, Ferdinand II, and her son, the emperor ... [5 Related Articles]
- Joan
- (from the article "Spain") ...Pacheco, marques de Villena, initially gained ascendancy over the king, others vied for royal favour. The nobles, alleging Henry's impotence, refused to accept the legitimacy of the infanta Joan, who ...
- Joan I
- queen consort of Philip IV (the Fair) of France (from 1285) and queen of Navarre (as Joan I, from 1274), mother of three French kings-Louis X, Philip V, and Charles ... [2 Related Articles]
- Joan I
- countess of Provence and queen of Naples (1343-82) who defended her claim as well as that of the house of Anjou to the throne of Naples, only to lose it ... [7 Related Articles]
- Joan II
- queen of Naples whose long reign (1414-35) was marked by a succession of love affairs, by continual intrigues, and by power struggles over her domain between the French house of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Joan of Arc, Saint
- national heroine of France, a peasant girl who, believing that she was acting under divine guidance, led the French army in a momentous victory at Orleans that repulsed an English ... [17 Related Articles]
- Joan of England
- (from the article "Richard I") ...took Messina by storm (October 4). To prevent the German emperor Henry VI from ruling their country, the Sicilians had elected the native Tancred of Lecce, who had imprisoned the ...
- Joan of Navarre
- the wife of Henry IV of England and the daughter of Charles the Bad, king of Navarre.
- Joan, Pope
- legendary female pontiff who supposedly reigned, under the title of John VIII, for slightly more than 25 months, from 855 to 858, between the pontificates of Leo IV (847-855) and ...
- Joannes Andreae
- (from the article "decretal") ...(Summa Aurea) of the titles of the decretals; St. Raymond of Penafort (d. 1275), a Spanish Dominican who compiled the Decretals of Gregory IX at Gregory's direction; and Joannes Andreae ...
- Joao I
- (from the article "Kongo") ...arrived in Kongo in 1483, Nzinga a Nkuwu was the manikongo. In 1491 both he and his son, Mvemba a Nzinga, were baptized and assumed Christian names-Joao ...
- Joao Pessoa
- port city and capital, Paraiba estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It is situated at 148 feet (45 metres) above sea level, on the right bank of the Paraiba do Norte River, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Joaquim Nabuco Institute
- (from the article "Recife") ...(founded 1946), the Federal Rural (Agricultural) University of Pernambuco (1954), the Catholic University of Pernambuco (1951), and the numerous research institutes attached to them. The independent Joaquim Nabuco Institute of ...
- Joaquin, Nick
- Filipino novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, and biographer whose works present the diverse heritage of the Filipino people. [1 Related Articles]
- Joasaph II
- (from the article "Christianity") ...at Ratisbon (now Regensburg, Germany) to reconcile their differences on justification by faith, the Lord's Supper, and the papacy. Another attempt was made in 1559, when Melanchthon and Patriarch Joasaph ...
- Job
- (from the article "Bildad") in the Old Testament, one of the three principal comforters of Job. Bildad is introduced (Job 2:11) as a Shuhite, probably a member of a nomadic tribe dwelling in southeastern ...
- job evaluation
- (from the article "labour economics") This term covers a range of procedures used to develop and maintain a consistent internal pay structure that is acceptable to the work force. Ranking methods use surveys of the ...
- job order costing
- (from the article "accounting") A second method, job-order costing, is used when individual production centres or departments work on a variety of products rather than just one during a typical time period. Two categories ...
- Job Retention Project
- (from the article "9to5, National Association of Working Women") As part of its educational efforts, 9to5 established the Job Retention Project in 1987 to assist office workers in developing time-management, goal-setting, and problem-solving skills. In addition, the organization publishes ...
- job scheduling
- (from the article "computer science") The allocation of system resources to various tasks, known as job scheduling, is a major assignment of the operating system. The system maintains prioritized queues of jobs waiting for CPU ...
- Job's tears
- (species Coix lacryma-jobi), leafy, jointed-stemmed annual grass of the family Poaceae, native to tropical Asia and naturalized in North America. It is 1 to 3 m (3 to nearly 10 ...
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