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Jones, Quincy ... Joshua
Jones, Quincy
American musical performer, producer, arranger, and composer whose work encompasses virtually all forms of popular music.
Jones, R. William
organizer of international basketball.
Jones, Richard
British economist and clergyman.
Jones, Robert
songwriter of the school of English lutenists that flourished at the turn of the 17th century.
Jones, Robert Edmond
U.S. theatrical and motion-picture designer whose imaginative simplification of sets initiated the 20th-century American revolution against realism in stage design.
Jones, Roy, Jr.
American boxer who became only the second light heavyweight champion to win a heavyweight title. For several years beginning in the late 1990s, he was widely considered the best boxer ...
Jones, Rufus Matthew
one of the most respected U.S. Quakers of his time, who wrote extensively on Christian mysticism and helped found the American Friends Service Committee.
Jones, Samuel M
Welsh-born U.S. businessman and civic politician notable for his progressive policies in both milieus.
Jones, Sir Harold Spencer
10th astronomer royal of England (1933-55), who organized a program that led to a more accurate determination of the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun.
Jones, Sir William
British Orientalist and jurist who did much to encourage interest in Oriental studies in the West.
Jones, Thomas Gwynn
Welsh-language poet and scholar best known for his narrative poems on traditional Celtic themes.
Jones, Vaughan
New Zealand mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his study of functional analysis and knot theory. See the table of Fields ...
Jonesboro
city, Craighead county, northeastern Arkansas, U.S. It lies on Crowley's Ridge, bordering the Mississippi River valley, about 68 miles (109 km) northwest of Memphis, Tennessee. Founded as the county seat ...
Jonesborough
town, seat of Washington county, northeastern Tennessee, U.S. It lies just west of the northern portion of Cherokee National Forest, near Johnson City. Founded in 1779 as a planned community ...
Jonestown
former site of the People's Temple commune in northwestern Guyana, near the Venezuelan border. A religious cult group, the commune ended in 1978 when the cult's founder and leader, Jim ...
Jongen, Joseph
outstanding modern Belgian composer.
Jongkind, Johan Barthold
painter and printmaker whose small, informal landscapes continued the tradition of the Dutch landscapists while also stimulating the development of Impressionism.
jongleur
professional storyteller or public entertainer in medieval France, often indistinguishable from the trouvere. The role of the jongleur included that of musician, juggler, and acrobat, as well as reciter of ...
Jonkoping
city and capital of the lan (county) of Jonkoping, southern Sweden. It lies at the southern end of Lake Vatter and on the shores of Munk Lake and Rock Lake. ...
Jonkoping
lan (county) of southern Sweden, in Gotaland region. It extends southward from Lake Vatter through part of the traditional landskap (province) of Smaland. Jonkoping is the highest county of southern ...
Jonquiere
city, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It lies along the Riviere aux Sables, a tributary of the Saguenay. Named after the Marquis de La Jonquiere, who was governor of ...
Jonson, Ben
English Stuart dramatist, lyric poet, and literary critic. He is generally regarded as the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I. Among his ...
Jonsson, Arngrimur
scholar and historian who brought the treasures of Icelandic literature to the attention of Danish and Swedish scholars.
Jonsson, Hjalmar
Icelandic folk poet who was noted for his mastery of the rimur (shorter poetic narratives) and for his brilliant use of satire.
Jonsson, John Erik
American corporate executive under whose management Texas Instruments Inc. became a leading electronics manufacturer. He also served as mayor of Dallas, Texas, from 1964 to 1971.
Joos Van Cleve
Flemish painter known for his portraits of royalty and his religious paintings. He is now often identified with the "Master of the Death of the Virgin."
Jooss, Kurt
German dancer, teacher, and choreographer whose dance dramas combined Expressionistic modern-dance movements with fundamental ballet technique.
Joplin
city, Jasper and Newton counties, in the Ozark region of southwestern Missouri, U.S. It lies adjacent to Webb City, near the Kansas and Oklahoma borders. It was settled about 1840 ...
Joplin, Janis
American singer, the premier white female blues vocalist of the 1960s, who dazzled listeners with her fierce and uninhibited musical style.
Joplin, Scott
American black composer and pianist known as the "king of ragtime" at the turn of the 20th century.
Jord
in Norse mythology, a giantess, mother of the deity Thor and mistress of the god Odin. In the late pre-Christian era she was believed to have had a husband of ...
Jordaens, Jacob
Baroque artist whose boisterous scenes of peasant life and sensuous allegories made him one of the most important painters of 17th-century Flanders.
Jordan
Arab country of Southwest Asia. It is a young state that occupies an ancient land associated with the Middle Eastern civilizations of antiquity. It is bounded to the north by ...
Jordan River
river with the lowest elevation in the world. It rises on the slopes of Mount Hermon, on the Syrian-Lebanese border, flows southward through northern Israel to the Sea of Galilee, ...
Jordan, A.C.
Xhosa novelist and educator who belonged to the second generation of South African black writers (of which Es'kia Mphahlele and Peter Abrahams are the best known).
Jordan, Barbara C.
American lawyer, educator, and politician who served as U.S. congressional representative from Texas (1972-78). She was the first African American congresswoman to come from the Deep South.
Jordan, Camille
French mathematician whose work on substitution groups (permutation groups) and the theory of equations first brought full understanding of the importance of the theories of the eminent mathematician Evariste Galois, ...
Jordan, David Starr
naturalist, educator, and the foremost American ichthyologist of his time.
Jordan, Dorothea
actress especially famed for her high-spirited comedy and tomboy roles.
Jordan, June
African American author who investigated both social and personal concerns through poetry, essays, and drama.
Jordan, Louis
American saxophonist-singer prominent in the 1940s and '50s who was a seminal figure in the development of both rhythm and blues and rock and roll. The bouncing, rhythmic vitality of ...
Jordan, Michael
American collegiate and professional basketball player, widely considered to be the greatest all-around player in the history of the game. He led the National Basketball Association (NBA) Chicago Bulls to ...
Jordan, Pascual
German physicist who in the late 1920s founded (with Max Born and Werner Heisenberg) quantum mechanics and (with Wolfgang Pauli and Eugene Wigner) quantum electrodynamics. He also originated (concurrently with ...
Jordan, Vernon E., Jr.
American attorney, civil rights leader, business consultant, and influential power broker. Although he never held political office, Jordan served as a key adviser in the 1990s to U.S. President Bill ...
Jordanes
historian notable for his valuable work on the Germanic tribes.
Jorgensen, Christine
American who captured international headlines in the early 1950s as the first person to undergo a successful sex-change operation.
Jorgensen, Johannes
writer known in Denmark mainly for his poetry (Digte 1894-98, 1898, and Udvalte Digte, 1944) but best known in other countries for his biographies of St. Francis of Assisi (1907) ...
Jorhat
city, northeastern Assam state, northeastern India. Jorhat lies along a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. A road and rail junction, it is the commercial centre of a productive agricultural area. ...
Joris, David
religious Reformer, a controversial and eccentric member of the Anabaptist movement. He founded the Davidists, or Jorists, who viewed Joris as a prophet and whose internal dissension led-three years after ...
Jormungand
in Germanic mythology, the evil serpent and chief enemy of Thor (q.v.).
Jorn, Asger
Danish painter whose style, influenced by the Expressionist painters James Ensor of Belgium and Paul Klee of Switzerland, creates an emotional impact through the use of strong colours and distorted ...
Jornal do Brasil, O
daily newspaper published in Rio de Janeiro, regarded as one of the eminent newspapers of South America.
joruri
in Japanese literature and music, a type of chanted recitative; often the script for a bunraku (q.v.) puppet drama. Its name derives from the Jorurihime monogatari, a 15th-century romantic ballad, ...
Jos
town, capital of Plateau state, on the Jos Plateau (altitude 4,250 feet [1,295 metres]) of central Nigeria, on the Delimi River and near the source of the Jamaari River (called ...
Jos Plateau
tableland in Plateau State, central Nigeria, distinguished by its high bounding scarp and by bare grassland and embracing Africa's chief tin-mining region. Its central area covers about 3,000 sq mi ...
Joseffy, Rafael
Hungarian pianist and teacher and one of the great performers of his day, admired for his subtlety of poetic expression and finely nuanced dynamic control.
Josel Of Rosheim
also called Joselmann, or Joselin, Of Rosheim, or Joseph Ben Gershon Loans famous shtadlan (advocate who protected the interests and pled the cause of the Jewish people); through persistent legal ...
Joselito
Spanish matador, considered one of the greatest of all time. With Juan Belmonte he revolutionized the art of bullfighting in the second decade of the 20th century.
Joseph
king of Portugal from 1750 to 1777, during whose reign power was exercised by his minister, Sebastiao de Carvalho, marques de Pombal.
Joseph
in the Old Testament, son of the patriarch Jacob and his wife Rachel. As Jacob's name became synonymous with all Israel, so that of Joseph was eventually equated with all ...
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf
inlet of the Timor Sea, having a maximum width of 225 mi (360 km) and indenting the north coast of Australia for 100 mi. Although its western limit is generally ...
Joseph I
Holy Roman emperor from 1705, who unsuccessfully fought to retain the Spanish crown for the House of Habsburg.
Joseph II
Holy Roman emperor (1765-90), at first co-ruler with his mother, Maria Theresa (1765-80), and then sole ruler (1780-90) of the Austrian Habsburg dominions. An "enlightened despot," he sought to introduce ...
Joseph of Arimathea, Saint
according to all four Gospels, a secret disciple of Jesus, whose body he buried in his own tomb. In designating him a "member of the council," Mark 15:43 and Luke ...
Joseph of Volokolamsk, Saint
Russian Orthodox abbot and theologian whose monastic reform emphasized strict community life and social work.
Joseph, Chief
Indian name In-mut-too-yah-lat-lat Nez Perce chief who, faced with settlement by whites of tribal lands in Oregon, led his followers in a dramatic effort to escape to Canada.
Joseph, Father
French mystic and religious reformer whose collaboration with Cardinal de Richelieu (the "Red Eminence") gave him powers akin to those of a foreign minister, especially during Richelieu's ambitious campaign to ...
Joseph, Saint
in the New Testament, Jesus' earthly father, the Virgin Mary's husband, and in Roman Catholicism patron of the universal church. His life is recorded in the Gospels, particularly Matthew and ...
Josephine
consort of Napoleon Bonaparte and empress of the French.
Josephson effect
flow of electric current between two pieces of superconducting material separated by a thin layer of insulating material. Superconductors are materials that lose all electrical resistance when cooled below a ...
Josephson, Brian D.
British physicist whose discovery of the Josephson effect while a 22-year-old graduate student won him a share (with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever) of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics.
Josephson, Karen; and Josephson, Sarah
American synchronized duet swimmers who won 16 consecutive championships in 1991 and 1992.
Josephson, Matthew
U.S. biographer whose clear writing was based on sound and thorough scholarship.
Josephus, Flavius
Jewish priest, scholar, and historian who wrote valuable works on the Jewish revolt of 66-70 and on earlier Jewish history. His major books are History of the Jewish War (75-79), ...
Joshaqan rug
floor covering handmade in the village of Joshaqan (Jowsheqan), north of Esfahan in central Iran. An astonishing melange of rugs has been attributed by various writers to this small place, ...
Joshua
' ("Yahweh Is Deliverance"), the leader of the Israelite tribes after the death of Moses, who conquered Canaan and distributed its lands to the 12 tribes. His story is told ...