British teacher of calligraphy who had a widespread influence on 20th-century typography and calligraphy, particularly in England and Germany. He has been called the father of the modern revival of ...
Irish novelist whose works deal with political and cultural tensions in Ireland, with an emphasis on the problems of the Anglo-Irish. Rich in dialogue, Johnston's novels often concern interpersonal relationships ...
Confederate general who never suffered a direct defeat during the American Civil War (1861-65). His military effectiveness, though, was hindered by a long-standing feud with Jefferson Davis.
British explorer, botanist, and pioneer colonial administrator. Widely traveled in Africa and speaking many African languages, he was closely involved in what has been called the scramble for Africa by ...
city, Cambria county, southwestern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Conemaugh River and Stony Creek, 76 miles (122 km) east of Pittsburgh. Johnstown is the centre of ...
city, seat (1838) of Fulton county, east-central New York, U.S. It lies near the Mohawk River, adjoining Gloversville, 43 miles (69 km) northwest of Albany. It was founded in 1762 ...
state of Malaysia, southernmost state of Peninsular (West) Malaysia. Its 250-mile (400-km) coastline along the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea also winds around the Republic of Singapore's northern ...
city, southern West Malaysia. It lies at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula and is separated from Singapore Island by the Johor Strait. At this point, a short rail ...
northern arm of the Singapore Strait, 30 mi (50 km) long and 34-3 mi wide, between the Republic of Singapore and the region of Johor at the southern tip of ...
in law, processes whereby additional parties or additional claims are brought into suits because addressing them is necessary or desirable for the successful adjudication of the issues.
in geology, a brittle-fracture surface in rocks along which little or no displacement has occurred. Present in nearly all surface rocks, joints extend in various directions, generally more toward the ...
in anatomy, a structure that separates two or more adjacent elements of the skeleton. Depending on the type of joint, such separated elements may or may not move on one ...
in carpentry, junction of two or more members of a framed structure. Joinery, or the making of wooden joints, is one of the principal functions of the carpenter and cabinetmaker. ...
family in which members of a unilineal descent group (a group in which descent through either the female or the male line is emphasized) live together with their spouses and ...
saclike structure containing thick gelatinous material that appears on the top or underside of the wrist, or less commonly on the top of the foot. The cause is unknown, but ...
a forerunner of the modern corporation that was organized for undertakings requiring large amounts of capital; money was raised by selling shares to investors, who became partners in the venture. ...
city, northeastern Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, on the Rio Cachoeira adjacent to Boa Vista, near the end of Baia (bay) de Sao Francisco, at 20 feet (6 metres) above ...
ceiling or floor support in building construction. Joists-of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete-are laid in a parallel series across or abutting girders or a bearing wall, to which they are ...
minor school of Buddhist philosophy introduced into Japan from China during the Nara period (710-784). The school holds that neither the self nor the elements that make up the mental ...
(Simmondsia chinensis), leathery-leaved shrub in the box family (Buxaceae), native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, the capsules of which yield jojoba oil. The stiff-branched plant, which grows ...
most important Hungarian novelist of the 19th century. Jokai's collected works (published 1894-98), which did not include his considerable journalistic writing, filled 100 volumes. Early works such as Hetkoznapok (1845; ...
institutionalized form of social interaction between two persons or groups in which one is permitted-or even required-to make fun of or tease the other, who, usually, is not permitted to ...
river, northeastern Iceland, fed by the northern meltwaters of the Vatna Glacier in east-central Iceland; it flows northward for 128 miles (206 km) to Axar Fjord, an arm of the ...
city, seat (1845) of Will county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Des Plaines River, about 40 miles (65 km) southwest of downtown Chicago. Settled in 1833, it was ...
French physical chemists, husband and wife, who were jointly awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their discovery of new radioactive isotopes prepared artificially. They were the son-in-law and ...
French-Canadian explorer and cartographer who, with Father Jacques Marquette, was the first white man to traverse the Mississippi River from its confluence with the Wisconsin to the mouth of the ...
device, now largely obsolete, for determining the specific gravity (relative density) of solids and liquids. Invented by the 19th-century German physicist Philipp von Jolly, it consists in its usual form ...
actor-manager who, after obscure beginnings, emerged as the leader of the last troupe of English strolling players in a tradition that influenced the German theatre.
island and town, southwestern Philippines. The island, between the Sulu (west) and Celebes (east) seas, is characterized by lush tropical vegetation, many short streams, and several extinct volcanoes, including Mount ...
popular U.S. singer and blackface comedian of the musical stage and motion pictures, from before World War I to 1940. His unique singing style and personal magnetism established an immediate ...
Irish geologist and physicist who, soon after 1898, estimated the age of the Earth at 100,000,000 years. He also developed a method for extracting radium (1914) and pioneered its use ...
French general, military critic, and historian whose systematic attempt to define the principles of warfare made him one of the founders of modern military thought.
(5th or 4th millennium BC-c. 250 BC), earliest major culture of prehistoric Japan, characterized by pottery decorated with cord-pattern (jomon) impressions or reliefs. The artifacts of this Neolithic culture have ...
the fifth of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets, embraced in a single book, The Twelve, in the Jewish canon. Unlike other Old Testament ...
German religious Reformer and legal scholar. A colleague of Martin Luther, he played a prominent role in the early Reformation conferences, particularly at Marburg (1529) and at Augsburg (1530), where ...
Icelandic poet and reformer whose works reflect his resistance to the political and economic trends that he perceived as threatening Iceland's traditional democracy.
in the Old Testament (I and II Samuel), eldest son of King Saul; his intrepidity and fidelity to his friend, the future king David, make him one of the most ...
statute announcing the intention of the United States government to "withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippine Islands as soon as a stable government can be established therein." The U.S. had ...
trainer of U.S. Thoroughbred racehorses, who trained six winners of the Kentucky Derby and two winners of all three events comprising the U.S. Triple Crown (the Derby, the Preakness, and ...
U.S. amateur golfer, the first man to achieve the Grand Slam-winning in a single year the four major tournaments of the time. In 1930 he won the British and U.S. ...
American animation director of critically acclaimed cartoon shorts, primarily the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies film series at Warner Bros. studios.
American jazz drummer and bandleader who established a forceful polyrhythmic approach to the traps set, combining different metres played independently by the hands and feet into a propulsive flow of ...
psychoanalyst and a key figure in the advancement of his profession in Britain. One of Sigmund Freud's closest associates and staunchest supporters, he wrote an exhaustive three-volume biography of Freud.
British painter, architect, and designer who founded the English classical tradition of architecture. The Queen's House (1616-19) at Greenwich, London, his first major work, became a part of the National ...
U.S. novelist best known for From Here to Eternity (1951), a novel about the peacetime army in Hawaii just before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.
Welsh-language satirical poet and social reformer who, under the impact of the French Revolution, produced some of the earliest Welsh political writings. Greatly influenced by the political and social essays ...
English designer, architect, and writer, best known for his standard work treating both Eastern and Western design motifs, The Grammar of Ornament (1856), which presented a systematic pictorial collection emphasizing ...
