| | - Jensen, Georg
- Danish silversmith and designer who achieved international prominence for his commercial application of modern metal design. The simple elegance of his works and their emphasis on fine craftsmanship, hallmarks of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jensen, Gerrit
- royal cabinetmaker of Louis XIV-style furniture, who became one of the most fashionable and foremost designers and craftsmen of his time. Apparently the first cabinetmaker to earn individual distinction in ...
- Jensen, J. Hans D.
- German physicist who shared half of the 1963 Nobel Prize for Physics with Maria Goeppert Mayer for their proposal of the shell nuclear model. (The other half of the prize ... [4 Related Articles]
- Jensen, Jens
- highly original landscape architect whose public and private works, mostly in the U.S. Midwest, are marked by harmonious use of natural terrain and native flora.
- Jensen, Johannes V.
- Danish novelist, poet, essayist, and writer of many myths, whose attempt, in his later years, to depict man's development in the light of an idealized Darwinian theory caused his work ...
- Jensen, Michael C.
- (from the article "agency theory, financial") ...of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure (1976), published in the Journal of Financial Economics by financial economist Michael C. Jensen and management theorist ...
- Jenson, Nicolas
- publisher and printer who developed the roman-style typeface. [4 Related Articles]
- Jenson, Vicky
- (from the article "2001: Other Winners") ...Ring Original Song: "If I Didn't Have You" from Monsters, Inc.; music and lyrics by Randy NewmanAnimated Feature Film: Shrek, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky JensonHonorary ...
- Jenyns, Soame
- (from the article "English literature") ...catalogues with profound resource the vulnerability of human philosophies of life to humiliation at the hands of life itself. Johnson's forensic brilliance can be seen in his relentless review of ...
- Jephthah
- a judge or regent (often a hero figure) of Israel who dominates a narrative in the Book of Judges, where he is presented as an exemplar of faith for Israel ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jeppesen, Elrey B.
- U.S. mail pilot, barnstormer with a flying circus, and expert navigator who used his detailed terrain notes to chart the skies and create a multimillion-dollar business that published air-navigation charts ...
- Jepson, Helen
- American singer and stunning blond beauty whose career as a lyric soprano at the Metropolitan Opera and other companies in the 1930s and '40s was launched by radio performances (b. ...
- Jequie
- city, southeastern Bahia estado (state), northeastern Brazil, on the Contas River, at 653 feet (199 metres) above sea level. It was elevated to city status in 1910. ...
- jequirity bean
- (Abrus precatorius), plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), found in tropical regions. The hard, red and black seeds are attractive and are strung into necklaces and rosaries in India and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jequitinhonha River
- river, eastern Brazil, rising in the Serra do Espinhaco, south of Diamantina, Minas Gerais estado (state), and flowing northward and then east-northeastward across the uplands. At Salto da Divisa, it ...
- Jerba
- island situated in the Gulf of Gabes on the Mediterranean Sea, located off the Tunisian mainland, to which it is connected by a causeway almost 4 miles (6 km) long. ...
- jerboa
- any of 33 species of long-tailed leaping rodents well adapted to the deserts and steppes of eastern Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. Jerboas are mouselike, with bodies ranging from 5 ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jere
- (from the article "Zwangendaba") African king (reigned c. 1815-48) who led his Jere people on a monumental migration of more than 1,000 miles, lasting more than 20 years. A leader of incomparable stature, he ...
- Jeremiah
- Hebrew prophet, reformer, and author of an Old Testament book that bears his name. He was closely involved in the political and religious events of a crucial era in the ... [9 Related Articles]
- Jeremiah, The Book of
- one of the major prophetical writings of the Old Testament. Jeremiah, a Judaean prophet whose activity spanned four of the most tumultuous decades in his country's history, appears to have ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jeremiah, The Letter of
- apocryphal book of the Old Testament, in the Roman canon appended as a sixth chapter to the book of Baruch (itself apocryphal in the Jewish and Protestant canons). [2 Related Articles]
- Jeremias II
- patriarch of Constantinople and one of the most capable leaders of the Greek Orthodox church. [1 Related Articles]
- Jeremie
- town, southwestern Haiti, on the northern shore of Pointe de (Cape) Tiburon, on the Gulf of Gonave. It was founded in 1756, and the port was opened in 1807. It ...
- Jerez de Garcia Salinas
- city, south-central Zacatecas estado (state), north-central Mexico. Formerly known simply as Jerez, the city is on the Jerez River, 6,650 feet (2,027 m) above sea level and southwest of Zacatecas, ...
- Jerez de la Frontera
- city, Cadiz provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It lies northeast of Cadiz city and near the ...
- Jerez, Byron
- (from the article "Nicaragua") Former president Arnoldo Aleman, sentenced for corruption, continued to be under house arrest. In March 2005 Byron Jerez, Aleman's revenue minister, had had his own conviction for corruption overturned. A ...
- Jericho
- town located in the West Bank. Jericho is one of the earliest continuous settlements in the world, dating perhaps from about 9000 BCE. Archaeological excavations have demonstrated Jericho's lengthy history. ... [7 Related Articles]
- Jericho, walls of
- (from the article "Jericho") ...to about 9000 BCE, and of a long period of settlement by their descendants. By about 8000 BCE the inhabitants had grown into an organized community capable of building a ...
- Jerimoth Hill
- (from the article "Rhode Island") ...feet (240 metres) above sea level. The Narragansett, or Seaboard, Lowland comprises coastal lowlands and islands that are below 200 feet (60 metres) in elevation. The highest point in the ...
- jerk nystagmus
- (from the article "nystagmus") ...as "jumping" or "dancing" eye movements. One type of nystagmus, called pendular nystagmus, is characterized by even, smooth eye movements, whereas in the type referred to as jerk nystagmus the ...
- Jernberg, Sixten
- Swedish Nordic skier who won nine Olympic medals in cross-country skiing competition. [1 Related Articles]
- Jerne, Niels K.
- Danish immunologist who shared the 1984 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Cesar Milstein and Georges Kohler for his theoretical contributions to the understanding of the immune system. [1 Related Articles]
- Jeroboam I
- (from the article "biblical literature") Jeroboam I, the first king of the new state of Israel, made his capital first at Shechem, then at Tirzah. Recognizing the need for religious independence from Jerusalem, he set ...
- Jeroboam II
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...relations with neighbouring states. Damascus was the main immediate enemy, which annexed much of Israel's territory, exercised suzerainty over the rest, and exacted a heavy tribute from Judah. Under Jeroboam ...
- Jerome Of Prague
- Czech philosopher and theologian whose advocacy of sweeping religious reform in the Western Church made him one of the first Reformation leaders in central Europe. [1 Related Articles]
- Jerome, Chauncey
- American inventor and clock maker whose products enjoyed widespread popularity in the mid-19th century.
- Jerome, Jerome K.
- English novelist and playwright whose humour-warm, unsatirical, and unintellectual-won him wide following.
- Jerome, Saint
- ; feast day September 30, biblical translator and monastic leader, traditionally regarded as the most learned of the Latin Fathers. He lived for a time as a hermit, became a ... [28 Related Articles]
- Jeronimos Monastery
- (from the article "Lisbon") ...decoration that celebrated the voyages of discovery, Manuel, and God. The prime examples of Manueline style in Lisbon, the Tower of Belem, designated a World Heritage site in 1983, and ...
- Jerrold, Douglas William
- English playwright, journalist, and humorist.
- Jersey
- largest and southernmost of the Channel Islands, 12 miles (19 km) west of the Cotentin peninsula of France; its capital, St. Helier, is 100 miles south of Weymouth, Eng. Jersey ... [4 Related Articles]
- Jersey
- breed of small short-horned dairy cattle originating on Jersey, one of the Channel Islands; it is believed to have descended from French cattle. The colour of the Jersey is usually ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jersey Act
- resolution passed in 1913 by the English Jockey Club and named after its sponsor, Victor Albert George, 7th Earl of Jersey, one of the club stewards. It declared that the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jersey City
- city, seat (1840) of Hudson county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It is situated on a peninsula between the Hudson and Hackensack rivers, opposite Manhattan Island, New York City, with which ...
- Jersey Zoological Park
- zoo on the island of Jersey, in the British Isles, primarily devoted to keeping and breeding endangered species, especially island forms and small mammals and reptiles. The zoo, situated on ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jersey, flag of
- flag of a British crown possession, flown subordinate to the Union Jack, that has a white field (background) bearing a red saltire (diagonal cross) and, at top centre, a coat ...
- Jersild, P. C.
- (from the article "Swedish literature") ...what remains in his works is the importance of openness. Political writing persisted in Sweden through the end of the 20th century, but it became more imaginative and less tied ...
- Jerusalem
- ancient city of the Middle East that since 1967 has been wholly under the rule of the State of Israel. [47 Related Articles]
- Jerusalem artichoke
- sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus) of the Asteraceae family, native to North America, noted for its edible tubers. The aboveground part of the plant is a coarse, usually multibranched, frost-tender perennial, 2 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jerusalem Bible
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...English from the Hebrew and Greek originals. The resultant Confraternity Version (1952-61) was later issued as the New American Bible (1970). Another modern version, more colloquial, is the Jerusalem Bible ...
- Jerusalem cricket
- any of about 50 species of insects in the family Gryllacrididae (order Orthoptera) that are related to grasshoppers and crickets. Jerusalem crickets are large, brownish, and awkward insects and are ...
- Jerusalem Foundation
- (from the article "Jerusalem") The Jerusalem Foundation (1966) collects funds for the preservation of the city's multireligious heritage and the embellishment of its barren areas. This foundation is responsible for creating many of Jerusalem's ...
- Jerusalem Park
- (from the article "Jerusalem") ...the city's multireligious heritage and the embellishment of its barren areas. This foundation is responsible for creating many of Jerusalem's parks, gardens, woodlands, and forests. The largest is Jerusalem Park, ...
- Jerusalem Post, The
- Israeli English-language daily newspaper established in 1932 as the Palestine Post. It adopted its current name in 1950 and is the largest English-language daily in the country. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jerusalem sage
- (from the article "Lamiaceae") Among the approximately 100 species of the genus Phlomis is Jerusalem sage (P. tuberosa), which rises to almost 2 metres (6.5 feet) and has clusters of purple flowers. It is ...
- Jerusalem, Assizes of
- a law code based on a series of customs and practices that developed in the Latin crusader kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. It stands as one of the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jerusalem, Church of
- (from the article "church year") The last week of Lent was one of special devotion in remembrance of the Lord's Passion. Athanasius in his Festal Letter of 330 called it "holy Paschal week." The Church ...
- Jerusalem, Council of
- a conference of the Christian Apostles in Jerusalem in about AD 50 which decreed that Gentile Christians did not have to observe the Mosaic Law of the Jews. It was ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jerusalem, kingdom of
- a state formed in 1099 from territory in Palestine wrested from the Muslims by European Christians during the First Crusade and lasting until 1291, when the two surviving cities of ... [15 Related Articles]
- Jerusalem, Siegfried
- Siegfried Jerusalem's name and voice were both well suited to a Wagnerian heldentenor. Strong, clear, and expressive, with a slight vibrato to give it richness, his voice was, Jerusalem believed, ...
- Jerusalem, Synod of
- (1672), council of the Eastern Orthodox church convened by Dositheos, patriarch of Jerusalem, in order to reject the Confession of Orthodox Faith (1629), by Cyril Lucaris, which professed most of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jerusalem, Temple of
- either of two temples that were the centre of worship and national identity in ancient Israel. [43 Related Articles]
- Jervas, Charles
- Irish portrait painter who lived most of his adult life in England. He also produced a translation of Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote (published posthumously, with his surname spelled Jarvis, ...
- Jervis Bay
- inlet of the Tasman Sea, southeastern New South Wales, Australia. A broad bay, 10 miles (16 km) by 6 miles (10 km), it is partly enclosed by Point Perpendicular on ...
- Jervis, John Bloomfield
- American civil engineer who made outstanding contributions in the construction of U.S. canals, railroads, and water-supply systems. [1 Related Articles]
- Jervis, Sir John
- (from the article "Saint Vincent, Gulf") ...an important salt industry based at Dry Creek near Port Adelaide, on the east coast. The gulf was investigated in 1802 by the English explorer Matthew Flinders and was named ...
- Jerwan, Aqueduct of
- (from the article "Sennacherib") ...for which at times the Tigris and Khosr rivers fell too low, Sennacherib sought springs and streams in the hills north of Nineveh and led them by 6 miles (10 ...
- Jesenik Mountains
- mountain range that forms the eastern section of the Sudeten mountain system in the northern Czech Republic. The range lies in northern Moravia, bordering the Polish frontier. The Hruby (High) ...
- Jesi
- town and episcopal see, Marche regione, east-central Italy. Jesi lies along the Esino River, just southwest of Ancona. The Roman colony of Aesis from 247 BC, it was destroyed by ...
- Jespersen, Otto
- Danish linguist and a foremost authority on English grammar. He helped to revolutionize language teaching in Europe, contributed greatly to the advancement of phonetics, linguistic theory, and the history of ... [3 Related Articles]
- jess
- (from the article "falconry") ...Some falconers also prefer to train their shortwings and broadwings to take a hood for the convenience of being able to blindfold the hawk in an environment where it might ...
- Jesse
- in the Old Testament, the father of King David. Jesse was the son of Ohed, and the grandson of Boaz and Ruth. He was a farmer and sheep breeder in ...
- Jessel, George
- American comedian, actor, writer, composer, and producer, whose skill as a dinner speaker earned him the honorary title of Toastmaster General of the United States.
- Jessel, Sir George
- jurist considered one of the greatest English trial judges in equity. It is said that Jessel, as solicitor general (1871-73), was the first professing Jew to hold important governmental office ...
- Jessenia
- (from the article "palm") ...has been extracted from wild specimens. The oil from the seeds of one species, Jessenia bataua, is physically and chemically much like olive oil, and the mesocarp pulp from the ...
- Jessenia bataua
- (from the article "palm") ...but only about 20 have been exploited, and, except for the oil palm (Elaeis), which is a plantation crop, oil has been extracted from wild specimens. The oil from the ...
- Jessner, Leopold
- theatrical producer and director associated with the German Expressionist theatre. His bold innovations in the 1920s gained him an international reputation. [3 Related Articles]
- Jessore
- city, southwestern Bangladesh, on the Bhairab River. According to tradition its name is a corruption of yasohara ("glory depriving"), as the town is said to have robbed Vikramaditya's 17th-century capital ...
- Jesuit
- a Roman Catholic order of religious men, founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola, noted for its educational, missionary, and charitable works, once regarded by many as the principal agent of ... [73 Related Articles]
- Jesuit drama
- program of theatre developed for educational and propagandist purposes in the colleges of the Society of Jesus during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Cultivated as a medium for disseminating ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jesuit Estates controversy
- in Canadian history, dispute that arose between Protestants and Roman Catholics after the re-establishment of the Jesuit order.
- Jesuit ware
- Chinese porcelain decorated with European subject matter and made for export to the West during the Qing dynasty in the reign of Qianlong (1736-96). The sources for the decoration were ...
- Jesup North Pacific Expedition
- (from the article "Boas, Franz") ...Columbia University. From 1896 to 1905 he was also curator of anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York; in that capacity he directed and edited the ...
- Jesus and Mary Chain, the
- British alternative rock band whose landmark debut album, Psychocandy (1985), mixed cheery power-pop melodies with feedback-distorted guitar playing and the drone of sombre lyrics. Influenced by the Sex Pistols and ...
- Jesus and Mary, Congregation of
- (from the article "Eudes, Saint John") founder of the Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudist Fathers), an order dedicated to the training of candidates for the priesthood and to the preaching of missions.
- Jesus ben Sirach
- (from the article "Judaism") ...it has been argued that, if the Seleucids had not forcibly intervened in Jewish affairs, Judaean Judaism would have become even more syncretistic than Alexandrian Judaism. The apocryphal writer Jesus ...
- Jesus Christ
- founder of Christianity, one of the world's largest religions, and the incarnation of God according to most Christians. His teachings and deeds are recorded in the New Testament, which is ... [128 Related Articles]
- Jesus Maria
- distrito (district), south of central Lima city in the Lima-Callao metropolitan area in Peru. Given district status in 1963, Jesus Maria is mainly a middle- and upper-income ...
- Jesus Only
- movement of believers within Pentecostalism who hold that true Baptism can only be "in the name of Jesus" rather than in the name of the Trinity. It began at a ...
- Jesus prayer
- in Eastern Christianity, a mental invocation of the name of Jesus Christ, considered most efficacious when repeated continuously. The most widely accepted form of the prayer is "Lord Jesus Christ, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Jesus, Fort
- (from the article "Mombasa") ...trade from Arabia, the Persian Gulf, and India. The old city is strongly Middle Eastern, with narrow streets, high houses with carved ornamental balconies, and mosques and temples. It is ...
- Jesus, Tome de
- (from the article "Portuguese literature") ...(part I 1563, part II 1572; "Image of the Christian Life"); Amador Arrais with his 10 Dialogos (1589; "Dialogues") on religious and other topics; and Tome de Jesus with his ...
- jet
- (from the article "jewelry") Jet is a dense variety of lignite formed by the submersion of driftwood in the mud of the seafloor. It has been recovered since Roman times from the shales near ...
- jet aircraft
- (from the article "military aircraft") Beginning in the 1920s, steady advances in aircraft performance had been produced by improved structures and drag-reduction technologies and by more powerful, supercharged engines, but by the early 1930s it ...
- jet ejector pump
- (from the article "pump") In the jet ejector pump, fluid passes through a venturi nozzle (see venturi tube) and develops a suction that causes a second stream of fluid to be entrained. In the ...
- jet engine
- any of a class of internal-combustion engines that propel aircraft by means of the rearward discharge of a jet of fluid, usually hot exhaust gases generated by burning fuel with ... [17 Related Articles]
- jet fuel
- (from the article "Business Overview") Low-cost airlines, which had prospered over the past few years at the expense of the legacy airlines, faced their own challenges, including rising fuel costs and overexpansion. As a result, ...
- jet lag
- physiological desynchronization caused by transmeridian (east-west) travel between different time zones. The severity and extent of jet lag vary according to the number of time zones crossed as well as ... [2 Related Articles]
- jet propulsion
- (from the article "cephalopod") Cephalopods move by crawling, swimming, or jet propulsion, mainly the latter. The mantle, which has a passive role in the majority of mollusks, has become involved in locomotion in cephalopods, ...
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- (from the article "Molina, Mario") ...environmental effects of CFC gases and were validated in the mid-1980s when a region of stratospheric ozone depletion, known as the ozone hole, was discovered over Antarctica. Molina worked in ...
- jet skiing
- (from the article "Alternative Sports") From 1990 to 1995 the explosive growth of jet skis--powered personal watercraft--was accompanied by at least a fourfold increase in injuries, according to a report released in 1997. Several high-profile ...
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