| | - J & M Studio
- (from the article "J & M Studio") Initially located in the back room of a music shop, J & M Studio moved twice en route to becoming the crucible of the New Orleans sound of the 1950s. ...
- J-1 Blechesel
- (from the article "Junkers, Hugo") Junkers patented a flying-wing design in 1910, the same year in which he established an aircraft factory at Dessau. His J-1 Blechesel ("Sheet Metal Donkey") monoplane was the first successful ...
- j-j coupling
- (from the article "spectroscopy") ...remain constant quantities for a given state of an atom, but their values can no longer be generated by the addition of the L and S values. A coupling scheme ...
- J-League
- (from the article "football (soccer)") Asian economic growth during the 1980s and early 1990s and greater cultural ties to the West helped cultivate club football. Japan's J-League was launched in 1993, attracting strong public interest ...
- J. Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies
- (from the article "unidentified flying object") ...with projects Sign, Grudge, and Blue Book, concluded that a small fraction of the most-reliable UFO reports gave definite indications for the presence of extraterrestrial visitors. Hynek founded the Center ...
- J. Craig Venter Research Institute
- (from the article "Venter, J. Craig") In addition to the human genome, Venter contributed to the sequencing of the genomes of the rat, mouse, and fruit fly. In 2006 he founded the J. Craig Venter Research ...
- J. Dixon and Sons
- (from the article "britannia metal") ...silvered by electrolysis. The good conducting qualities, together with its cheapness and ductility, made the alloy ideal for this purpose. Perhaps the best-known manufacturer of britannia metal is J. Dixon ...
- J. Paul Getty Museum
- (from the article "Italy") In a landmark case, the J. Paul Getty Museum of Los Angeles agreed to return 40 artifacts that the Italian Culture Ministry contended had been looted from archaeological digs in ...
- J. Walter Thompson Co.
- American advertising agency that was long one of the largest such enterprises in the world. In 1980 it became a subsidiary of JWT Group Inc., a Delaware-based holding company.
- J.C. Penney Corporation, Inc.
- American retail company founded in 1902 by James Cash Penney and today engaged in marketing apparel, home furnishings, jewelry, cosmetics, and cookware. The firm serves consumers principally through stores, catalog ... [1 Related Articles]
- J.P. Stevens & Co.
- (from the article "Stevens, J P") merchant who founded J.P. Stevens, one of the biggest firms in the American textile industry.
- J/psi particle
- type of meson consisting of a charmed quark and a charmed antiquark. It has a mass of 3.1 GeV/c2, which is about 3.5 times larger than the mass of a ... [3 Related Articles]
- J79
- (from the article "F-104") ...The F-104 had a wingspan of 21 feet 11 inches (6.68 m) and a length of 54 feet 9 inches (16.7 m). It was a single-seat, single-engine midwing monoplane, powered ...
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad
- sixth imam, or spiritual successor to the Prophet Muhammad, of the Shi'ite branch of Islam and the last to be recognized as imam by all the Shi'ite sects. Theologically, he ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ja'far ibn Yahya
- (from the article "Barmakids") ...no surprise that he put the whole administration in the hands of Yahya and his sons. Yahya received the title of wazir, and his sons al-Fadl and Ja'far were placed ...
- Ja'far Khan
- (from the article "Lotf 'Ali Khan Zand") ...and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar. Although the Zand forces were weakened by internal dissensions and rivalries, Lotf 'Ali Khan's father, Ja'far Khan, proclaimed himself sovereign in the Zand capital of ...
- Jaafari, Ibrahim al-
- Ibrahim al-Jaafari, a physician who had spent more than 20 years outside Iraq during the reign of Saddam Hussein, became the country's new prime minister in 2005. Jaafari, the leader ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jaar, Alfredo
- (from the article "Latin American art") Latin American artists also used video, an emerging international medium, to address political concerns. After moving to New York City, the Chilean artist Alfredo Jaar in 1987 used a computerized ...
- Jaatteenmaki, Anneli
- (from the article "Finland") Finnish unemployment persisted at around 8% without progress on the government target to raise the employment rate from 69% to 75% to ensure future welfare-state funding. Anneli Jaatteenmaki, who was ...
- jab
- (from the article "boxing") There are four basic punches: the jab, hook, uppercut, and straight right (straight left for a southpaw), which is sometimes referred to as a "cross." All other punches are modifications ...
- Jabal al-Awliya' Dam
- (from the article "Nile River") ...level falls again. The rise at Khartoum averages more than 20 feet. When the Blue Nile is in flood it holds back the White Nile water, turning it into an ...
- Jabal al-Lawdh
- (from the article "Arabian religion") In South Arabia pilgrims were entertained in the temples on the proceeds of the tithe. The sanctuary of Jabal al-Lawdh, in al-Jawf of northern Yemen, consisted of two temples: the ...
- Jabal Shammar
- mountainous area, northwestern Saudi Arabia, bounded by the regions of Hejaz on the west and Ash-Sharqiyah on the east. The principal features of the region are the two great mountain ...
- Jabalpur
- city, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Jabalpur lies just north of the Narmada River in a rocky basin surrounded by low hills that are dotted with lakes and temples. ...
- Jabara, Paul
- (from the article "1978: Other Winners") ...Joe Renzetti for The Buddy Holly StoryOriginal Score: Giorgio Moroder for Midnight ExpressOriginal Song: "Last Dance" from Thank God It's Friday; music and lyrics by Paul JabaraHonorary Award: Linwood G. ...
- Jabarti, al-
- (from the article "Egypt") ...of its historians, partly because the emirs patronized court historians; by contrast, in almost three centuries of Ottoman rule, Egypt produced only one historian worthy of note, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti ...
- Jabarti, Sheikh Isma'il
- (from the article "Somalia") ...century, the stage was set for the great movements of expansion of the Somali toward the south and of the Oromo to the south and west. The first known major ...
- Jabavu, Davidson Don Tengo
- black educator and South African political leader.
- Jabbul, Al-
- (from the article "Syria") Scattered lakes are found in Syria. The largest is Al-Jabbul, a seasonal saline lake that permanently covers a minimum area of about 60 square miles (155 square km) southeast of ...
- Jaberg, Karl
- (from the article "linguistics") ...Romance- and Germanic-speaking countries, were the first to participate in such atlas projects. One of the most significant contributions is the linguistic atlas of Italy and southern Switzerland by Karl ...
- Jabesh-Gilead
- (from the article "David") ...and with his men he performed the mourning rites for Saul and Jonathan, memorializing them in a deeply moving elegy. Somewhat later, after David had become king in Hebron, he ...
- Jabir ibn Hayyan, Abu Musa
- alchemist known as the father of Arab chemistry. He systematized a "quantitative" analysis of substances and was the inspiration for Geber, a Latin alchemist who developed an important corpuscular theory ... [3 Related Articles]
- jabiru
- (species Jabiru mycteria), a typical stork of the New World, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. The jabiru belongs to the stork family, Ciconiidae (order Ciconiiformes). It is mostly white, with ...
- Jablonec nad Nisou
- city, northwestern Czech Republic. It lies about 1,600 feet (500 m) above sea level in the upper valley of the Nis (Neisse) River, in the Giant Mountains (Krkonose). It was ...
- Jablonski, Daniel Ernst
- Protestant theologian who worked for a unification of Lutherans and Calvinists.
- Jablonski, Johann Theodor
- (from the article "encyclopaedia") ...type. The form appealed to the rapidly growing middle class of the country, who welcomed encyclopaedias designed to provide them with an adequate cultural background for polite society. Johann Theodor ...
- Jablonskis, Jonas
- (from the article "Lithuanian language") ...used primarily in the region bordering East Prussia. The modern standard literary language, written in a 32-letter Latin alphabet, is based on the West High Lithuanian dialect of the scholar ...
- Jabneh
- ancient city of Palestine (now Israel) lying about 15 miles (24 km) south of Tel Aviv-Yafo and 4 miles (6 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. Settled by Philistines, Jabneh came ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jaboatao
- city, eastern Pernambuco estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It is located on the Jaboatao River, 148 feet (45 metres) above sea level and just west of Recife, the ...
- Jabor, Arnaldo
- (from the article "Literature") ...Hazin published Machado de Assis e a administracao publica federal, an analysis of Machado de Assis's life and activities as a Brazilian civil servant. Film director Arnaldo Jabor published a ...
- jaboticaba
- any of several trees of the genus Myrciaria, of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), notably M. cauliflora and M. jaboticaba, native to southeastern Brazil. The trees have been introduced to other ...
- Jabotinsky, Vladimir
- Zionist leader, journalist, orator, and man of letters who founded the militant Zionist Revisionist movement that played an important role in the establishment of the State of Israel. [1 Related Articles]
- Jabr, Salih
- (from the article "Iraq") ...held under his government's supervision were no different from previous controlled elections. The parties boycotted the elections. Nuri al-Sa'id resigned in March 1947, and Salih Jabr formed a new government.
- Jabtsandamba Khutagt
- (from the article "Mongolia") ...a way was found to link church and state. A son of the line of the Tushetu Khans of Khalkha was conveniently found to be the first "reincarnation" of the ...
- Jaca
- city, Huesca provincia (province), in the communidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Aragon, northeastern Spain, on the plateau on the southern bank of the Aragon ...
- jacamar
- any of 15 species of tropical American birds that constitute the family Galbulidae (order Piciformes). The jacamar has a glittering body, tapered from large head to, in most species, a ... [1 Related Articles]
- jacana
- any of several species of water birds belonging to the family Jacanidae of the order Charadriiformes. Jacanas are uniquely equipped with long straight claws for walking on floating vegetation. Like ... [4 Related Articles]
- jacaranda
- (from the article "jacaranda") The name jacaranda is also applied to several tree species of the genus Machaerium of the pea family (Fabaceae), from which some of the commercial rosewoods are obtained. Jacaranda cabinet ...
- jacaranda
- any plant of the genus Jacaranda (family Bignoniaceae), especially the two ornamental trees J. mimosifolia and J. cuspidifolia. They are widely grown in warm parts of the world and in ...
- Jacaranda cuspidifolia
- (from the article "jacaranda") any plant of the genus Jacaranda (family Bignoniaceae), especially the two ornamental trees J. mimosifolia and J. cuspidifolia. They are widely grown in warm parts of the world and in ...
- Jacaranda mimosifolia
- (from the article "jacaranda") any plant of the genus Jacaranda (family Bignoniaceae), especially the two ornamental trees J. mimosifolia and J. cuspidifolia. They are widely grown in warm parts of the world and in ...
- Jacare
- (from the article "Sao Francisco River") ...stretch the river receives its main left-bank tributaries-the Paracatu, Urucuia, Corrente, and Grande rivers-and its main right-bank tributaries-the Verde Grande, Paramirim, and Jacare.
- Jacarei
- city, eastern Sao Paulo estado (state), Brazil. It lies along the Paraiba do Sul River, 45 miles (70 km) northeast of Sao Paulo. The settlement was granted ...
- Jachymov
- spa town, western Czech Republic. It lies at the foot of Mount Klinovec, the highest summit in the Ore Mountains (Krusne hory), just north of Karlovy Vary and near the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jacinto, Antonio
- white Angolan poet, short-story writer, and cabinet minister in his country's first postwar government.
- jack
- any of numerous species of fishes belonging to the family Carangidae (order Perciformes). The name jack is also applied collectively to the family. Representatives can be found in temperate and ... [1 Related Articles]
- jack
- in practical mechanics, portable hand-operated device for raising heavy weights through short distances, exerting great pressures, or holding assembled work firmly in position, as in jacking up a building to ...
- jack
- (from the article "all fours") ...dating back to 17th-century England and first mentioned in The Complete Gamester of Charles Cotton in 1674. The face card formerly known as the knave owes its ...
- jack
- (from the article "keyboard instrument") ...phase of Cristofori's work, Maffei's diagram may be in error. In the surviving instruments a pivoted piece of wood is set into the key. The pivoted piece (which in a ...
- jack
- (from the article "bowls") outdoor game in which a ball (known as a bowl) is rolled toward a smaller stationary ball, called a jack. The object is to roll one's bowls so that they ...
- jack
- (from the article "harpsichord") ...placed beneath the horizontal plane of the strings, which pass over a bridge that is glued to the soundboard and that transmits their vibration to it. The plucking mechanism consists ...
- jack
- (from the article "gill") ...servings of whiskey or wine. The term jill appears in the nursery rhyme "Jack and Jill." Soon after ascending to the throne of England in 1625, King Charles I scaled ...
- Jack Adams Award
- (from the article "ice hockey") ...for the player best combining clean play with a high degree of skill; the Conn Smythe Trophy, for the play-offs' outstanding performer; the Frank J. Selke Trophy, for the best ...
- Jack Dempsey
- (from the article "cichlid") Among the better known of the many popular aquarium cichlids are the firemouth (Cichlasoma meeki), a fish with bright red in its mouth and on its throat and chest; the ...
- Jack Hills
- (from the article "Precambrian time") ...from about 4.0 to 2.5 billion years ago-more than a third of geologic time. Most important are the few but well-constrained age determinations of detrital zircons at Mount Narryer and ...
- Jack of Diamonds
- group of artists founded in Moscow in 1909, whose members were for the next few years the leading exponents of avant-garde art in Russia. The group's first exhibition, held in ... [1 Related Articles]
- jack pine
- (from the article "boreal forest") All North American tree species are distributed across the continent except jack pine (Pinus banksiana), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and balsam fir (Abies balsamea). Jack pine is a relatively small, ...
- Jack Russell terrier
- breed of terrier developed in England in the 19th century for hunting foxes both above and below ground. It was named for the Rev. John Russell, an avid hunter who ...
- Jack the Rapper
- (from the article "Jack the Rapper") Jack the Rapper (Jack Gibson) helped open the first African-American-owned radio station in the United States, WERD in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1949. Gibson learned about radio while working as a ...
- Jack the Ripper
- pseudonymous murderer of at least five women, all prostitutes, in or near the Whitechapel district of London's East End, from August 7 to November 10, 1888. It is one of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jack, Beau
- American boxer (b. April 1, 1921, Augusta, Ga.-d. Feb. 9, 2000, Miami, Fla.), was twice world lightweight champion (1942, 1943) and was one of the main attractions at Madison Square ...
- jack-in-the-pulpit
- (species Arisaema triphyllum), a North American plant of the arum family (Araceae), noted for the unusual shape of its flower. The plant is native to wet woodlands and thickets from ... [1 Related Articles]
- jack-o'-lantern
- (from the article "Representative poisonous mushrooms") ...forms predominate in the tropics. The light of fungi ranges from blue to green and yellow, depending on the species. Among the large luminous forms are Pleurotus lampas of Australia ...
- jack-o'-lantern
- in meteorology, a mysterious light seen at night flickering over marshes; when approached, it advances, always out of reach. The phenomenon is also known as will-o'-the-wisp and ignis fatuus (Latin: ...
- jack-o'-lantern
- in American holiday custom, a hollowed-out-pumpkin lantern that is displayed on Halloween. The surface of the pumpkin is carved to resemble a face. Light from a candle inserted inside can ... [2 Related Articles]
- jack-up rig
- (from the article "petroleum production") Fixed platforms, which rest on the seafloor, are very stable, although they cannot drill in water as deep as floating platforms can. The most popular type is called a jack-up ...
- jackal
- any of several species of wolflike carnivores of the dog genus Canis, family Canidae, sharing with the hyena an exaggerated reputation for cowardice. Three species are usually recognized: the golden, ... [2 Related Articles]
- jackboot
- (from the article "dress") ...garters replaced points. Both men and women wore stout leather shoes with medium heels. Men also wore French falls, a buff leather boot with a high top wide enough to ...
- jackdaw
- (species Corvus monedula), crowlike black bird with gray nape and pearly eyes of the family Corvidae (q.v.; order Passeriformes). Jackdaws, which are 33 cm (13 inches) long, breed in colonies ... [1 Related Articles]
- jackfruit
- (species Artocarpus heterophyllus), tree native to tropical Asia and widely grown throughout the wetland tropics for its large fruits and durable wood. Like its relative the breadfruit, it belongs to ... [1 Related Articles]
- jackknife stage
- (from the article "stage design") ...configurations that are easily identifiable. These include the wagon, in which scenery is built on a low platform mounted on casters so that it can be quickly rolled onstage and ...
- Jackling, Daniel Cowan
- American mining engineer and metallurgist who developed methods for profitable exploitation of low-grade porphyry copper ores and thus revolutionized copper mining. In particular, Jackling opened the famed Bingham Canyon copper ...
- jackpot
- (from the article "slot machine") ...the Mills Novelty Company, which added on their reels a picture of a chewing gum pack (soon stylized as the well-known "bar" symbol). The Mills Novelty Company also invented the ...
- jackrabbit
- (from the article "jackrabbit") any of several North American species of hare (genus Lepus).jackrabbitJackrabbit (Lepus californicus).Pschemp
- jacks
- game of great antiquity and worldwide distribution, now played with stones, bones, seeds, filled cloth bags, or metal or plastic counters (the jacks), with or without a ball. The name ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson
- city, capital of Mississippi, U.S. It lies along the Pearl River, in the west-central part of the state, about 180 miles (290 km) north of New Orleans, Louisiana. Jackson is ...
- Jackson
- town, seat (1921) of Teton county, northwestern Wyoming, U.S. The town lies at the southern end of the Teton Range, just north of the Snake River, and is the centre ...
- Jackson
- city, seat (1821) of Madison county, western Tennessee, U.S. It lies about 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Memphis. The area was settled about 1819 as a port on the ...
- Jackson
- city, seat (1832) of Jackson county, south-central Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Grand River, about 75 miles (120 km) west of Detroit. Settled in 1829 at the meeting point ...
- Jackson Five
- (from the article "Motown") ...were also producers. Some were assigned by Gordy to work with specific acts. Such fame did some of Motown's writers achieve and such problems did their fame cause for Gordy ...
- Jackson Hole National Monument
- (from the article "Jackson Hole National Monument") fertile mountain valley and wildlife reserve mostly in Grand Teton National Park (q.v.), northwestern Wyoming, U.S.Grand Teton National ParkGrand Teton ...
- Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
- (from the article "Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement") ...protection to individuals in matters that concerned sex, age, and disabilities. Title IX was a well-known law that prohibited sex discrimination in schools. In 2005 the law was broadened in ...
- Jackson, A.V. Williams
- American scholar of the Indo-Iranian languages whose grammar of Avestan, the language of the sacred literature of Zoroastrianism, and Avesta Reader (1893) have served generations of students.
- Jackson, Alan
- American country music singer-songwriter, who was one of the most popular male country artists of the 1990s and early 2000s. [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Andrew
- military hero and seventh president of the United States (1829-37). He was the first U.S. president to come from the area west of the Appalachians and the first to gain ... [36 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Charles Thomas
- American physician, chemist, and pioneer geologist and mineralogist. [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, E. Dale
- (from the article "mineral deposit") ...to sink as soon as it forms. As a result, geologists long held the opinion that cumulates of chromite and other dense minerals formed only by sinking. This simple picture ...
- Jackson, George
- (from the article "Davis, Angela") Championing the cause of black prisoners in the 1960s and '70s, Davis grew particularly attached to a young revolutionary, George Jackson, one of the so-called Soledad Brothers (after Soledad Prison). ...
- Jackson, Glenda
- British stage and motion-picture actress noted for her tense portrayals of complex women. She was later known for her career in politics. [2 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Helen Hunt
- American poet and novelist best known for her novel Ramona. [1 Related Articles]
- Jackson, Howell E.
- American lawyer and associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1893-95).
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