| | - ideology
- a form of social or political philosophy in which practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones. It is a system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ider River
- (from the article "Selenga River") river in Mongolia and east-central Russia. It is formed by the confluence of the Ider and Delger rivers. It is Mongolia's principal river and is the most substantial source of ...
- Ides
- (from the article "calendar") ...Kalendae, but subsequent days were not enumerated as so many after the Kalendae but as so many before the following Nonae ("nones"), the day called nonae being the ninth day ...
- Idfu
- town on the west bank of the Nile in Aswan muhafazah (governorate), Upper Egypt.
- Idhi
- mountain riddled with caves, west-central Crete, in the nomos (department) of Rethimnon, southern Greece. One of Idhi's two peaks, Timios Stavros, at 8,058 feet (2,456 m), is Crete's highest mountain. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Idhra
- (from the article "Hydra") With the advent of steamships, however, the maritime activities of the island declined. Industries now include sponge fishing, cotton weaving, shipbuilding, and international tourism. Idhra, the chief town, on the ...
- Idiocranium russeli
- (from the article "Gymnophiona") ...1 metre (about 3.3 feet) in total length; the largest known caecilian is C. thompsoni, at 152 cm (about 60 inches). The smallest caecilians are
- idiographic method
- (from the article "motivation") ...of whether it is better to study groups of individuals and attempt to draw general conclusions (termed the nomothetic approach) or to study the behaviours that make individuals unique (termed ...
- idiolect
- (from the article "language") ...communication that may impede but do not prevent mutual comprehension are called dialects of a language. In order to describe in detail the actual different speech patterns of individuals, the ...
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- (from the article "respiratory disease") Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is also known as cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. This is a generally fatal lung disease of unknown cause that is characterized by progressive fibrosis of the alveolar walls. ...
- idiopathic scoliosis
- (from the article "joint disease") ...equinovarus) is a congenital deformity in which the foot is twisted downward and inward because the ligaments and tendons are too short. Only infrequently are the muscles at fault. Idiopathic ...
- idiophone
- class of musical instruments in which a resonant solid material-such as wood, metal, or stone-vibrates to produce the initial sound. The eight basic types are concussion, friction, percussion, plucked, scraped, ... [11 Related Articles]
- idiorrhythmic monasticism
- the original form of monastic life in Christianity, as exemplified by St. Anthony of Egypt (c. 250-355). It consisted of a total withdrawal from society, normally in the desert, and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Idiosepius
- (from the article "cephalopod") ...species) are the largest living invertebrates; A. dux attains a length of more than 20 metres (60 feet), including the extended tentacles. The smallest cephalopod is the squid Idiosepius, rarely ...
- idiosoma
- (from the article "acarid") Behind the gnathosoma is a large region (idiosoma) that bears the legs, the genital and anal openings, and an assortment of tactile and sensory structures. Respiratory pores (stigmata) and sclerotized ...
- Idiospermaceae
- (from the article "Magnoliidae") ...cotyledons. One of the most primitive angiosperm orders, Magnoliales, has members in which the embryos contain three or four (very rarely two) cotyledons, such as Degeneria (Degeneriaceae). Idiospermum (Idiospermaceae) of ...
- Idiospermum
- (from the article "Magnoliidae") ...One of the most primitive angiosperm orders, Magnoliales, has members in which the embryos contain three or four (very rarely two) cotyledons, such as Degeneria (Degeneriaceae). Idiospermum (Idiospermaceae) of the ...
- idiosyncrasy
- (from the article "poison") ...of certain individuals to react to a chemical. Because of biological variability among humans, some individuals respond to a chemical at a dose too low to produce a similar effect ...
- idiot savant
- (from the article "prodigy") ...individuals who are chess prodigies or "lightning calculators" (those who have a remarkable memory for figures) but who are otherwise mentally or developmentally disabled (such as "idiot savants") are not ...
- Iditarod Trail
- (from the article "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race") The course of the race, roughly 1,100 miles (1,770 km) long, partially follows the old Iditarod Trail dogsled mail route blazed from the coastal towns of Seward and Knik to ...
- Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race
- annual dogsled race run in March between Anchorage and Nome, Alaska, U.S. The race can attract more than 100 participants and their teams of dogs, and both male and female ... [3 Related Articles]
- Idiurus macrotis
- (from the article "anomalure") ...long and a tail of nearly the same length. The little anomalure (A. pusillus) is about half the size of Pel's and has a proportionally shorter tail. The pygmy anomalures ...
- Idiurus zenkeri
- (from the article "anomalure") ...the same length. The little anomalure (A. pusillus) is about half the size of Pel's and has a proportionally shorter tail. The pygmy anomalures (I. macrotis and I. zenkeri) are ...
- Idku
- town, northern Al-Buhayrah muhafazah (governorate), Lower Egypt. It lies on a sandy strip behind Abu Qir Bay, in the northwestern Nile River delta. Immediately south is Lake Idku, a 58-square-mile ...
- Idku, Lake
- (from the article "Idku") ...muhafazah (governorate), Lower Egypt. It lies on a sandy strip behind Abu Qir Bay, in the northwestern Nile River delta. Immediately south is Lake Idku, a 58-square-mile (150-square-km) lagoon that ...
- Idlib
- town, northwestern Syria. It is situated in a fertile basin midway between Aleppo and Latakia and is an important textile centre and a market for one of Syria's better agricultural ...
- Ido
- artificial language constructed by the French logician and Esperantist Louis de Beaufront and presented at the Delegation pour l'Adoption d'une Langue Auxiliaire Internationale (Delegation for the Adoption of an International ... [3 Related Articles]
- idol
- (from the article "Bacon, Francis, Viscount Saint Alban (or Albans), Baron of Verulam") ...discussed logical fallacies, commonly found in human reasoning, but Bacon was original in looking behind the forms of reasoning to underlying psychological causes. He invented the metaphor of "idol" to ...
- idolatry
- in Judaism and Christianity, the worship of someone or something other than God as though it were God. The first of the biblical Ten Commandments prohibits idolatry: "You shall have ... [9 Related Articles]
- Idoma
- inhabitants of the region east of the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers in southern Nigeria. A number of peoples, including the Agala, Iyala, Okpoto, Nkum, and Iguwale, are ...
- Idoma language
- (from the article "Benue-Congo languages") The eight Idomoid languages are found in central Nigeria mostly south of the Benue River southwest of Makurdi, but three languages are north of the river. The principal language is ...
- Idomeneus
- in Greek legend, son of Deucalion, grandson of Minos and Pasiphae, and king of Crete. Because he had been one of Helen's suitors, he led the Cretan army to Troy ... [1 Related Articles]
- Idomoid languages
- (from the article "Benue-Congo languages") The eight Idomoid languages are found in central Nigeria mostly south of the Benue River southwest of Makurdi, but three languages are north of the river. The principal language is ...
- idoxuridine
- (from the article "drug") ...a phosphate group before they have antiviral activity. Some of the agents (acyclovir) are activated by a viral enzyme, so they are specific for the cells that contain viral particles. ...
- Idrieus
- (from the article "Anatolia") ...of the World), showed strong Greek influence. The mausoleum was planned by Mausolus himself but was built by his wife and successor, Artemisia II (353-351). Later satraps were the second ...
- Idrimi
- (from the article "Alalakh") Excavations also revealed a towered palace, occupied by several successive rulers, one of whom, Idrimi, ruled for 30 years and probably died about 1450 BC. The town was raided frequently ...
- Idris
- an immortal figure in Islamic legend, mentioned in the Qur'an (Islamic sacred scriptures) as a prophet. According to the traditions of the Sunnah, the major sect of Islam, Idris appeared ...
- Idris
- (from the article "Mi'raj") ...and proceed through all seven levels until they reach the throne of God. Along the way they meet the prophets Adam, Yahya (John), 'Isa (Jesus), Yusuf (Joseph), Idris, Harun (Aaron), ...
- Idris Alawma
- (from the article "western Africa, history of") ...also came to the central Sudan about the same time through the trading relations that existed between Bornu and the Ottoman Turks in North Africa. Together with Muslim cavalry, they ...
- Idris I
- in full Sidi Muhammad Idris Al-mahdi As-sanusi the first king of Libya when that country gained its independence in 1951. [4 Related Articles]
- Idris I
- (from the article "North Africa") ...chief of the powerful tribal confederation of the Awraba, to consolidate his authority in northern Morocco by giving his rule an Islamic religious character. For that purpose he invited Idris ...
- Idris ibn Raja Iskandar, Sultan
- sultan of Perak, 1887-1916.
- Idris II
- (from the article "Idrisid dynasty") ...Fakhkh, in which many of the 'Alids were slain by the 'Abbasids. He fled west and succeeded in conquering Berber tribes in northern Morocco and a part of the Atlantic ...
- Idris, Suhayl
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...one of the most prominent literary journals founded in the Arabic-speaking region in the latter half of the 20th century, was established by the Lebanese writer Suhayl Idris specifically to ...
- Idris, Yusuf
- Egyptian playwright and novelist who broke with traditional Arabic literature by mixing colloquial dialect with conventional classical Arabic narration in the writing of realistic stories about ordinary villagers. [3 Related Articles]
- Idrisi, ash-Sharif al-
- Arab geographer, an adviser to Roger II, the Norman king of Sicily. He wrote one of the greatest works of medieval geography, Kitab nuzhat al-mushtaq fi ikhtiraq al-afaq ("The Pleasure ... [3 Related Articles]
- Idrisid dynasty
- Arab Muslim dynasty that ruled in the Berber areas of Morocco from 789 until 921. [2 Related Articles]
- idu
- (from the article "Korean literature") By the 7th century a system, called idu, had been devised that allowed Koreans to make rough transliterations of Chinese texts. Eventually, certain Chinese characters were used for their phonetic ...
- Idukki
- town, southeastern Kerala state, southwestern India. It lies 81 miles (130 km) southeast of Cochin and 79 miles (127 km) northeast of Kottayam. It is known for its large hydroelectric ...
- Idukki dam
- (from the article "Idukki") town, southeastern Kerala state, southwestern India. It lies 81 miles (130 km) southeast of Cochin and 79 miles (127 km) northeast of Kottayam. It is known for its large hydroelectric ...
- Idun
- in Norse mythology, the goddess of spring or rejuvenation and the wife of Bragi, the god of poetry. She was the keeper of the magic apples of immortality, which the ... [1 Related Articles]
- idyll
- also spelled Idyl (from Greek eidyllion, "little picture"), a short poem of a pastoral or rural character in which something of the element of landscape is depicted or suggested. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ielemia, Apisai
- (from the article "Tuvalu") ...| Capital: Government offices in Vaiaku, Fongafale islet, of Funafuti Atoll | Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito | Head of government: Prime Minister Apisai ...
- Iemanja, Festival of
- (from the article "Brazil") ...The latter is celebrated with bonfires, fireworks, and the launching of small paper hot-air balloons. Along the coast on New Year's Day (a national holiday), fishers pay homage to the ...
- iemoto
- (from the article "Japan") ...art of the tea ceremony came to be monopolized by the house heads of the various schools, fostering the development of the "profession" of tea master. This "house head" (iemoto) ...
- Ienaga, Saburo
- Japanese historian (b. Sept. 3, 1913, Nagoya, Japan-d. Nov. 29, 2002, Tokyo, Japan), waged a long-running battle with the Japanese Ministry of Education over his depiction in history textbooks of ...
- Ieng Sary
- (from the article "Khmer Rouge") ...a series of military defeats and grew weaker from year to year. In 1995 many of their cadres accepted an offer of amnesty from the Cambodian government, and in 1996 ...
- If
- small Mediterranean island 2 miles (3.2 km) outside the port of Marseille, Fr. Its castle, built by the French king Francis I in 1524, was later used as a state ... [1 Related Articles]
- if-thenism
- (from the article "mathematics, philosophy of") ...paraphrase nominalists think that these sentences do not make straightforward claims about objects. There are several different versions of paraphrase nominalism, of which the best known is "if-thenism," or deductivism. ...
- Ifalik
- (from the article "music and dance, Oceanic") ...was not to illustrate a story but to decorate it. Instead of acknowledging a chief's deed or genealogy, the Yapese dancers demonstrated the overlordship of Yap to the other islands. ...
- Ifat
- Muslim state that flourished in central Ethiopia from 1285 to 1415 in the fertile uplands of eastern Shewa. Toward the end of the 13th century a ruler whose dynastic title ... [2 Related Articles]
- Iffland, August Wilhelm
- German actor, dramatist, and manager, a major influence on German theatre. [1 Related Articles]
- Ifni
- former north African enclave of Spain and now part of the southwestern region of Morocco, along the Atlantic coast. An arid semidesert region of mountains and coastal plain, Ifni was ... [3 Related Articles]
- Iforas Massif
- (from the article "Mali") Northern and central Mali are made up of the plains of the Niger River basin and of the Sahara. The only marked relief feature in the north is the Iforas ...
- Ifrane
- town, north-central Morocco. Ifrane was founded in 1929 and is situated in the Middle Atlas (Moyen Atlas) mountains; it includes in its immediate environs Morocco's premier winter and summer resort ...
- Ifriqiyyah
- (from the article "Aghlabid dynasty") Arab Muslim dynasty that ruled Ifriqiyah (Tunisia and eastern Algeria) from AD 800 to 909. The Aghlabids were nominally subject to the 'Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad but were in fact ...
- ifrit
- in Islamic mythology, a class of infernal jinn (spirits below the level of angels and devils) noted for their strength and cunning. An ifrit is an enormous winged creature of ...
- Ifugao
- group of wet-rice agriculturalists occupying the mountainous area of northern Luzon, Philippines. They are of Malay stock and their language is Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), as is that of their neighbours, but ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ifukube, Akira
- Japanese composer (b. May 31, 1914, Kushiro, Japan-d. Feb. 8, 2006, Tokyo, Japan), created the tribal theme music for the film Godzilla (1954), as well as the sounds that were ... [1 Related Articles]
- IG Farben
- (German: "Syndicate of Dyestuff-Industry Corporations"), world's largest chemical concern, or cartel, from its founding in Germany in 1925 until its dissolution by the Allies after World War II. The IG ... [4 Related Articles]
- IG Farben process
- (from the article "magnesium processing") ...industrial complex IG Farbenindustrie, which, during the 1920s and '30s, developed a process for producing large quantities of molten and essentially water-free magnesium chloride (now known as the IG Farben ...
- IgA
- (from the article "antibody") Antibodies are grouped into five classes according to their constant region. Each class is designated by a letter attached to an abbreviation of the word immunoglobulin: IgG, ...
- Igala
- a largely Muslim people of Nigeria, living on the left bank of the Niger River below its junction with the Benue River. Their language belongs to the Benue-Congo branch of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Igala language
- (from the article "Benue-Congo languages") The Defoid languages comprise two groups: the Akokoid cluster of four languages and the very much larger Yoruboid cluster whose principal members are Yoruba (20,000,000 speakers), Igala (1,000,000), and Itsekiri ...
- igapo
- (from the article "Amazon River") ...rainforests of the terra firme, there are two types of inundated rainforests, varzea and igapo, which constitute about 3 percent of ...
- Igarape Ipixuna
- (from the article "Kawaib") ...and the Piraha until they made peace in 1922, when their numbers were estimated at 250. Many subsequently died of diseases introduced from Europe. The few remaining Parintintin live on ...
- Igarashi Family
- Japanese lacquerware artists who specialized in the maki-e technique, wherein a design is made by sprinkling minute gold, silver, or copper flakes over a lacquer ground. The founder of the ...
- Igarashi Takenobu
- (from the article "graphic design") Such a disruption of expected forms and grids was also apparent in the work of Japanese designer Igarashi Takenobu. After studying design fundamentals in Los Angeles, Igarashi began his independent ...
- Igarka
- city, Krasnoyarsk kray (region), central Russia. It is 60 miles (100 km) north of the Arctic Circle and lies along the Yenisey River, 418 miles (673 km) from the sea, ...
- Igbile
- (from the article "art, African") ...by the warrior age group in ceremonies to purify the village ritually and to maintain health. At Ughoton, to the southwest of Benin, a different type of mask is used, ...
- igbin drum
- (from the article "African music") ...or terra-cotta from Ife, Yorubaland. These representations show considerable agreement with traditional accounts of their origins. From the 10th to the 14th century AD, igbin drums (a ...
- Igbira
- inhabitants of the areas northeast and southwest of the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers in central Nigeria. Their language is usually classified as a Nupoid variety within the ...
- Igbo
- people living chiefly in southeastern Nigeria who speak Igbo, a language of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Igbo may be grouped into the following main cultural ... [22 Related Articles]
- Igbo Ukwu
- (from the article "western Africa, history of") ...aristocratic power. Still farther east, in the forest on the other side of the Niger, where there are no traditions of invasion or of developed monarchical government, the archaeological finds ...
- Igboid languages
- a language cluster that constitutes a subbranch of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. There are nearly 20 million speakers of Igboid languages in southeastern Nigeria. In the ... [1 Related Articles]
- IgD
- (from the article "antibody") ...are grouped into five classes according to their constant region. Each class is designated by a letter attached to an abbreviation of the word immunoglobulin: IgG, IgM, ...
- IgE
- (from the article "antibody") ...are grouped into five classes according to their constant region. Each class is designated by a letter attached to an abbreviation of the word immunoglobulin: IgG, IgM, ...
- IgG
- (from the article "antibody") Antibodies are grouped into five classes according to their constant region. Each class is designated by a letter attached to an abbreviation of the word immunoglobulin: IgG, ...
- Iggy and the Stooges
- American band of the late 1960s and early 1970s that helped define punk music. Both with the Stooges and in his subsequent solo career, Iggy Pop had a far-reaching influence ...
- Ightham Mote
- (from the article "manor house") ...the 14th century the manor-house plan was clearly defined, with private living apartments and service rooms at opposite ends of the great hall and with battlements, gatehouse, and moat-as at ...
- Iglau, Compact of
- (from the article "Germany") ...the grant of communion in both kinds as a basis of settlement. The Utraquist nobles annihilated the protesting Taborites at the Battle of Lipany (May 30, 1434) and made peace ...
- Iglesia
- (from the article "Andes Mountains") ...between them are the high passes of Mount Espinacito (16,000 feet) and Mount Patos (12,825 feet). South of Anconcagua the passes include Pircas (16,960 feet), Bermejo (more than 10,000 feet), ...
- Iglesia ni Kristo
- the largest entirely indigenous Christian church in the Philippines. Its members assert that the early Christian church was restored in God's chosen nation, the Filipinos, when Felix Manalo launched this ...
- Iglesias
- town and episcopal see, southwestern Sardinia, Italy. It lies west-northwest of Cagliari city. The town's cathedral dates from 1288, and the 15th-century Church of San Francesco is a good example ...
- Iglesias, Pablo
- political leader who played a significant role in the development of Spanish democratic socialism and trade unionism. [1 Related Articles]
- Iglesias, Santiago
- (from the article "Puerto Rico") ...Party worked for greater autonomy. The Nationalist Party arose in the 1920s and argued for immediate independence. Meanwhile, the pro-U.S. Socialist Party, led by the highly respected labour leader Santiago ...
- igloo
- temporary winter home or hunting-ground dwelling of Canadian and Greenland Inuit (Eskimos). The term igloo, or iglu, from Eskimo igdlu ("house"), is related to Iglulik, a town, and Iglulirmiut, an ...
- IgM
- (from the article "antibody") Antibodies are grouped into five classes according to their constant region. Each class is designated by a letter attached to an abbreviation of the word immunoglobulin: IgG, ...
- Ignacius
- (from the article "primate") The first known supposed primates date to about 60 million years ago, as complete skulls and partial postcranial skeletons are available for the genera Plesiadapis, Ignacius, and Palaechthon from Europe ...
- Ignarro, Louis J.
- American pharmacologist who, along with Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad, was co-awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that nitric oxide (NO) acts as ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ignatev, P. N., Count
- (from the article "education") ...private initiative of the educationally minded intelligentsia, who were opposed to the authoritarian character of state education in the schools. In 1915-16 the minister of education, Count P.N. Ignatev, started ...
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