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Iguacu Falls ... Illinois Central Railroad

Iguacu Falls: series of cataracts on the Iguacu River, 14 miles (23 km) above its confluence with the Alto (Upper) Parana River, at the Argentina-Brazil border. The falls resemble an elongated horseshoe ...
Iguacu River: river flowing through Santa Catarina and Parana states in southern Brazil. The Iguacu is formed by headstreams rising in the Serra do Mar near Curitiba. It winds generally westward through ...
Iguala: city, north-central Guerrero estado ("state"), south-central Mexico. It was settled in 1750 and was named in honour of Agustin de Iturbide's Iguala Plan, proclaiming Mexico an independent monarchy (Feb. 24, ...
Iguala Plan: (Feb. 24, 1821), appeal issued by Agustin de Iturbide, a creole landowner and a former officer in the Spanish army who had assumed leadership of the Mexican independence movement in ...
iguana: any of about 13 species of the lizard family Iguanidae. While the name iguanid encompasses all members of this family, iguana usually refers only ...
iguanid: any of about 700 species of lizards in more than 50 genera that constitute the family Iguanidae. Iguanids are found throughout the Americas from southern Canada to the tip of ...
Iguanodon: large herbivorous dinosaurs found as fossils from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods (159 million to 99 million years ago) in a wide area of Europe, North Africa, North ...
Iguvine Tables: a set of seven inscribed bronze tables found in 1444 at Iguvium (modern Gubbio, Italy), an Umbrian town. The tables are written in the Umbrian language, four and part of ...
Ihara Saikaku: poet and novelist, one of the most brilliant figures of the 17th-century revival of Japanese literature. He enchanted readers with racy accounts of the amorous and financial affairs of the ...
Ihimaera, Witi: Maori author whose novels and short stories explore the clash between Maori and Pakeha (white, European-derived) cultural values in his native New Zealand.
ihram: sacred state into which a Muslim must enter in order to perform the hajj (major pilgrimage) or the 'umrah (minor pilgrimage). At the beginning of a pilgrimage, the Muslim stops ...
Ii Naosuke: Japanese feudal lord and statesman who was responsible for Japan's signing the first treaty of commerce with the United States (1858), opening the country to Western influence, and for the ...
Iio Sogi: Buddhist monk and greatest master of renga (linked verse), the supreme Japanese poet of his age.
iiwi: (species Vestiaria coccinea), Hawaiian songbird, one of the commoner members of the Hawaiian honeycreeper family, Drepanididae, order Passeriformes. A nectar-feeder, named for its squeaky call ("ee-ee-vee"), it is 15 cm ...
Iizuka: city, Fukuoka ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan, on the upper Onga River. The city developed as a mining centre with the opening of the Chikuho Coalfield and a railway from Wakamatsu ...
Ijebu-Ode: town, Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria. It is situated along the highway between Shagamu and Benin City. Ijebu-Ode was by the 16th century established as the chief town of the Ijebu ...
ijma': (Arabic: "agreeing upon," or "consensus"), the universal and infallible agreement of the Muslim community, especially of Muslim scholars on any Islamic principle, at any time. The consensus-based on the Hadith ...
IJmuiden: port of Amsterdam and part of the gemeente (commune) of Velsen, Noord-Holland provincie, western Netherlands. The port is situated at the western end of the North Sea (Noordzee) Canal, which ...
Ijo: people of the forests of the Niger River delta in Nigeria comprising a large number of formerly autonomous groups. They speak languages of the Ijoid branch of the Niger-Congo language ...
Ijoid languages: the smallest branch of the Niger-Congo language family. It consists of a language cluster, Ijo (Ijaw), comprising seven other language clusters with a total of approximately two million speakers, and ...
ijolite: intrusive igneous rock that is composed essentially of nepheline and an alkali pyroxene, usually aegirinaugite. It is the plutonic equivalent of the volcanic nephelinites and nepheline dolerites. Typically, the pyroxene ...
IJssel River: river of The Netherlands, an important distributary of the Rhine River. It leaves the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) just southeast of Arnhem and flows northeastward for 70 miles (113 km) ...
IJsselmeer: shallow freshwater lake, northern and central Netherlands. It was formed from the southern part of the former Zuiderzee by the building of a dam (Afsluitdijk; completed 1932) separating the IJsselmeer ...
IJsselmeer Polders: group of four polders, central Netherlands, that were reclaimed from the IJsselmeer, a lake that used to be part of the former Zuiderzee. The polders are located in the lake's ...
ijtihad: in Islamic law, the independent or original interpretation of problems not precisely covered by the Qur'an, Hadith (traditions concerning the Prophet's life and utterances), and ijma' (scholarly consensus). In the ...
Ikare: town, Ondo state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies in the Yoruba Hills, at the intersection of roads from Owo, Okene, Kabba, and Ado-Ekiti. An agricultural trade centre (yams, cassava, corn [maize], ...
Ike Taiga: painter of the mid-Tokugawa period (1603-1867) who, together with Yosa Buson, established the bunjin-ga, or literati, style of painting, which survives to this day in Japan. (The style had originated ...
ikebana: traditionally, the classical art of Japanese flower arranging; the meaning of the term was later extended to encompass all the various styles of Japanese floral art. Ikebana was introduced in ...
Ikeda: city, Osaka fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies on the Fukuchiyama Line (railway), northwest of Osaka. Settled in prehistoric times, Ikeda was a flourishing trade centre during the Tokugawa ...
Ikeda Hayato: prime minister of Japan from July 1960 until October 1964, who was instrumental in Japan's phenomenal economic growth in the years after World War II.
Ikeja: town and capital of Lagos state, 10.5 miles (17 km) northwest of Lagos, southwestern Nigeria. Originally settled by the Yoruba people, the locality was raided for slaves until the mid-19th ...
Ikenobo: oldest school of floral art in Japan; the term Ikenobo later came to be used loosely to describe any classical Japanese flower arrangement. The Ikenobo (literally, "priest's residence by a ...
Ikere-Ekiti: town, Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria, on the road from Akure to Ado-Ekiti. A major collecting point for cocoa, it also serves as an agricultural trade centre (yams, cassava [yuca], rice, ...
Ikeya-Seki, Comet: long-period comet that is one of a group of Sun-grazing comets having similar orbits and including the great comet known as 1882 II. Comet Ikeya-Seki was discovered Sept. 18, 1965, ...
Ikhshidids Dynasty: Muslim Turkish dynasty from Fergana in Central Asia that ruled Egypt and Syria from 935 to 969. The founder, Muhammad ibn Tughj, appointed governor of Egypt in 935, two years ...
ikhtilaf: (Arabic: "disagreement"), in Islam, differences of opinion on religious matters. Such diversity is permissible as long as the basic principles of Islam are not affected. Ikhtilaf is thus the opposite ...
Ikhwan: (Arabic: Brethren), in Arabia, members of a religious and military brotherhood that figured prominently in the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under Ibn Sa'ud (1912-30); in modern Saudi Arabia they ...
Ikhwan as-Safa': (Arabic: Brethren of Purity), a secret Arab confraternity, founded at Basra, Iraq, that produced a philosophical and religious encyclopaedia, Rasa'il ikhwan as-safa' wa khillan al-wafa' ("Epistles of the Brethren of ...
Iki: island, north-central Nagasaki ken (prefecture), western Kyushu, Japan. It lies in the Eastern Channel, about 10 miles (16 km) off the coast of Kyushu, and occupies 52 ...
Ikire: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. The town lies along the road from Ibadan to Ile-Ife. A collecting point for local cash crops (cocoa, palm oil and kernels), it also serves ...
Ikirun: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies along the railroad from Lagos and at the intersection of roads from Oshogbo, Inisha (Inisa), Igbajo, and Ila (Illa). Mainly inhabited by Yoruba ...
Ikorodu: town, Lagos state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies near the Lagos Lagoon, on the Bight of Benin, 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Lagos. A traditional settlement of the Awori people ...
Ikot Abasi: port town, Akwa Ibom state, southern Nigeria. The town lies near the mouth of the Imo (Opobo) River. Situated at a break in the mangrove swamps and rain forest of ...
Ikot Ekpene: town, Akwa Ibom state, southern Nigeria. The town lies along the coastal highway between Calabar and Aba. It is the chief trade centre (yams, cassava, taro, corn [maize], and palm ...
Il-Khanid Dynasty: (1256-1353), Mongol dynasty that ruled in Iran. Il-khan is Persian for "subordinate khan."
Ila: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. The town lies in the Yoruba Hills and on the road from Oshogbo to Omu-Aran. One of the oldest settlements of the Yoruba people, it ...
Ila: a Bantu-speaking people inhabiting an area west of Lusaka, the national capital of Zambia. The Ila-Tonga cluster consists of about 12 dialect groups, including the Lozi, Koba, Lenje, Tonga, Totela, ...
Ilaro: town, western Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria. Located on the former trade route from the towns of the empire of Oyo to the port of Porto-Novo (now the capital of Benin), ...
Ilbert Bill: in the history of India, a controversial measure proposed in 1883 that sought to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects in India. The bill, severely ...
Ilchester: town ("parish"), South Somerset district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, England. It lies along the River Yeo. Ilchester was known as Lindinis under Roman rule and was the northern ...
Ile-de-France: region of France encompassing the north-central departements of Val-d'Oise, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Ville-de-Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne, Essonne, and Yvelines. Ile-de-France is bounded by the
Ile-Ife: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. The town lies at the intersection of roads from Ibadan (40 miles [64 km] west), Ilesha, and Ondo. It is one of the larger centres ...
Ilebo: town, south-central Congo (Kinshasa). The town lies along the Kasai River near its junction with the Sankuru River. Ilebo is a river port and has rail connections with Kananga and ...
ileitis: chronic inflammation of one or more sections of the intestine. In its strict sense, the term refers to an inflammation of the lower, or terminal, portion of the small intestine, ...
Ilerda, Campaign of: (49 BC), the campaign leading to the victory of Julius Caesar over Pompey's forces in Spain. In the spring of 49 BC, Caesar sent six legions from Gaul into Spain ...
Ilesha: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies in the Yoruba Hills and at the intersection of roads from Ile-Ife, Oshogbo, and Akure. The town is one of the oldest settlements ...
ileum: the final and longest segment of the small intestine. It is specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂ and the reabsorption of conjugated bile salts. The ileum is about ...
Ilex: genus of plants commonly known collectively as holly (q.v.).
Ilf, Ilya; and Petrov, Yevgeny: Soviet humorists, whose intimate literary collaboration at the end of the 1920s and in the '30s resulted in a number of immensely popular satirical works.
Ilhus: city, southeastern Bahia estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It is situated just east of Itabuna near the mouth of the Cachoeira River on Ilheus Bay, an inlet of ...
Ili River: river in western Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China. It is 870 miles (1,400 km) long and drains the basin between the Tien Shan ("Celestial Mountains") to the south and ...
Iliad: epic poem on the Trojan War traditionally attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer.
Iliamna Lake: inland body of water, southwestern Alaska, U.S. It lies west of Cook Inlet (Gulf of Alaska), near Lake Clark National Park and Preserve (north) and Katmai National Park and Preserve ...
Iliescu, Ion: Romanian politician who twice served as president of Romania (1990-96; 2000-04).
Iligan: city, northern Mindanao, southern Philippines. On the southeastern shore of Iligan Bay, it is the island's major industrial city and an important port at the mouth of the Iligan River. ...
Ilinsky, Igor: Russian actor of stage and screen, especially well known for his comic portrayals of rogues and buffoons.
iliocostalis muscle: any of the deep muscles of the back that, as part of the erector spinae (sacrospinalis) muscle group, aid in extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending to the side), and ...
Ilion: village, Herkimer county, central New York, U.S. It lies on the Mohawk River and the New York State Canal System, adjacent to Mohawk village, 11 miles (18 km) southeast of ...
Ilipa, Battle of: (206 BC), victory of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio (later called Scipio Africanus) over Carthaginian forces in Spain during the Second Punic War. Scipio, who had been campaigning against ...
illah, Al-: town, central Iraq. It lies on the Al-Hillah Stream, the eastern branch of the Euphrates River, and on a road and a rail line running northward to Baghdad. The town ...
Illawarra: southern coastal district, New South Wales, Australia, extending 110 miles (180 km) from Bald Hill (north of Stanwell Park) south to the Shoalhaven River and Batemans Bay and from the ...
illegitimacy: status of children begotten and born outside of wedlock. Many statutes either state, or are interpreted to mean, that usually a child born under a void marriage is not illegitimate ...
Illiciales: order of primitive, dicotyledonous flowering plants comprising the families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae, with three genera, of mostly tropical and subtropical woody plants. All have radially symmetrical, mainly beetle-pollinated flowers that ...
Illinois: constituent state of the United States of America. It encompasses 56,345 square miles (145,934 square kilometres) and stretches 385 miles (620 kilometres) from Wisconsin in the north to Cairo in ...
Illinois: a confederation of small, Algonquian-speaking Indian tribes originally spread over what is now southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois and parts of Missouri and Iowa; the best-known tribes were the Cahokia, ...
Illinois Central Railroad: former U.S. railroad founded in 1851 that expanded service from Illinois to much of the Midwest before merging with the Canadian National Railway Company (CN) in 1999.