| | - Ishida Baigan
- Japanese scholar who originated the moral-education movement called Shingaku ("Heart Learning"), which sought to popularize ethics among the common people. [1 Related Articles]
- Ishida Mitsunari
- Japanese warrior whose defeat in the famous Battle of Sekigahara (1600) allowed the Tokugawa family to become undisputed rulers of Japan. [1 Related Articles]
- Ishiguro, Kazuo
- Japanese-born novelist known for his lyrical tales of regret fused with subtle optimism. [1 Related Articles]
- Ishihara, Shintaro
- On March 10, 1999, controversial Japanese author and politician Shintaro Ishihara announced that he would join the already crowded race for governor of Tokyo. Formerly a senior member of the ...
- Ishihara, Takashi
- Japanese business executive (b. March 3, 1912, Tokyo, Japan-d. Dec. 31, 2003, Tokyo), served as president of the Nissan Motor Co. from 1977 to 1985 and helped turn the company ...
- Ishii Kikujiro, Shishaku
- (Viscount) Japanese statesman and diplomat who effectively championed a cautious expansion of Japan and cooperation with the West in the decades immediately before and after World War I.
- Ishikari-gawa
- (Japanese: Ishikari River), river, in Hokkaido, Japan, rising near the centre of the Kitami-sammyaku (Kitami Mountains). It flows for 120 mi (200 km) southwest in a broad arc, draining the ...
- Ishikawa
- prefecture (ken), western Honshu, Japan, facing the Sea of Japan. Its area of 1,620 sq mi (4,196 sq km) includes the western stretch of the Japanese Alps (southeast). Although snowfall ...
- Ishikawa Takuboku
- Japanese poet, a master of tanka, a traditional Japanese verse form, whose works enjoyed immediate popularity for their freshness and startling imagery. [1 Related Articles]
- Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Company, Ltd.
- major Japanese manufacturer of heavy machinery and oceangoing ships. Headquarters are in Tokyo. [1 Related Articles]
- Ishim River
- river in Kazakhstan and Tyumen and Omsk oblasti (provinces) of south-central Russia. A left-bank tributary of the Irtysh (Ertis), it rises in the Niyaz Hills in the north of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ishimbay
- city, Bashkiriya republic, western Russia. Ishimbay lies along the Belaya (White) River. It was the earliest centre of the oil industry in the Volga-Urals oil field, which was first exploited ...
- Ishin Aswas
- (from the article "Babylon") ...residential area east of Esagila, (5) Humra, containing rubble removed by Alexander from the ziggurat in preparation for rebuilding, and a theatre he built with material from the ziggurat, and ...
- Ishinomaki
- city, Miyagi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the estuary of the Kitakami-gawa (Kitakami River). The city was founded in the 4th century and was a prosperous rice-shipping port during the ...
- Ishiyama Hongan Temple
- (from the article "Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area") ...chief priest of the militant True Pure Land (Jodo Shin) sect of Buddhism, selected a site near the mouth of the Yodo River for a fortress temple. Completed in 1532, ...
- Ishizuchi, Mount
- (from the article "Saijo") Saijo is the base for pilgrimages to the Ishizuchi Shrine, which stands on the slopes of Mount Ishizuchi to the south. The mountain lies within Ishizuchi Quasi-national Park and is ...
- Ishkashim Range
- (from the article "Pamirs") ...Still farther south are the Southern Alichur Range and, to the west of the latter, the Shugnan Range. The extreme southwestern Pamirs are occupied by the Shakhdarin Range, composed of ...
- Ishkur
- in Mesopotamian religion, Sumerian god of the rain and thunderstorms of spring. He was the city god of Bit Khakhuru (perhaps to be identified with modern Al-Jidr) in the central ...
- Ishmael
- (from the article "Abraham") There the childless septuagenarian receives repeated promises and a covenant from God that his "seed" will inherit the land and become a numerous nation. He not only has a son, ...
- Ishmael ben Elisha
- Jewish tanna (Talmudic teacher) and sage who left an enduring imprint on Talmudic literature and on Judaism. He is generally referred to simply as Rabbi Ishmael. [1 Related Articles]
- Ishme-Dagan
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...as it were, after having spent some time as an exile in Babylonia. He had his two sons rule as viceroys, in Ekallatum on the Tigris and in Mari, respectively, ...
- Ishpatina Ridge
- (from the article "Ontario") ...(bogs), and densely forested rocky and rugged terrain. A low plateau, it is generally no more than 1,500 feet (460 metres) above sea level, although it contains the highest point ...
- Ishpeming
- city, Marquette county, northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S. It is located in the Marquette Iron Range, about 12 miles (20 km) west-southwest of Marquette. Founded in the 1850s as ...
- Ishpuini
- (from the article "Urartu") For the reign of Sarduri I (c. 840-830 BC) there remain only the inscriptions at Van. But for the reigns of his son Ishpuini (c. 830-810) and especially of Ishpuini's ...
- Ishqabad
- (from the article "mashriq al-adhkar") The first mashriq was completed in 1907 in 'Ishqabad, modern Turkmenistan. In 1928, however, it was appropriated by the Soviet government and leased to the temple organization. Ten years later ...
- Ishraqiyah
- (from the article "Suhrawardi, as-") As-Suhrawardi also founded a mystical order known as the Ishraqiyah. The Nurbakhshiyah order of dervishes (itinerant holy men) also traces its origins to him.views of Mulla Sadra
- Ishtar
- in Mesopotamian religion, goddess of war and sexual love. Ishtar is the Akkadian counterpart of the West Semitic goddess Astarte. Inanna, an important goddess in the Sumerian pantheon, came to ... [21 Related Articles]
- Ishtar Gate
- enormous burnt-brick entryway located over the main thoroughfare in the ancient city of Babylon (now in Iraq). Built about 575 BC, it became the eighth fortified gate in the city. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ishtar Terra
- the smaller of two continent-sized highland areas (terrae) on the planet Venus. Ishtar lies in Venus's northern hemisphere, extending from about latitude 45° N to 75° N and from about ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ishtemi
- (from the article "Central Asia, history of") ...Soon afterward the empire split into two halves. The eastern part, ruled by Bumin's son Muhan (ruled 553-572), was centred on Mongolia; the seat of the western part, ruled by ...
- Ishvara
- in Hinduism, God understood as a person, contrasting with the impersonal transcendent brahma. The title is particularly favoured by devotees of the god Shiva; the comparable term Bhagavan (also meaning ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ishvara Nayaka
- (from the article "India") ...Shah and Mahmud Gawan on Narasimha's territories-Penukonda and the coastal region-and the plunder of Kanchipuram in 1481 were only temporarily successful, for Ishvara Nayaka, a Vijayanagar general, recovered the loot ...
- Isidis
- (from the article "Syrtis Major") ...in a drawing of Mars of that date by Christiaan Huygens. It is an extensive regional slope elongated north to south that drops 4 km (2.5 miles) from its western ...
- isidium
- (from the article "fungus") ...or hyphae, may develop into a thallus under suitable conditions. Lichens without soredia may propagate by fragmentation of their thalli. Many lichens develop small thalloid extensions, called isidia, that also ...
- Isidora Cousino Park
- (from the article "Lota") ...facilities and a planned company town are found in Lota Alto (Upper Lota); Lota Bajo (Lower Lota) is the commercial and residential community. Renowned in Chile for its scenic beauty ...
- Isidore of Alexandria
- (from the article "Damascius") A pupil and close friend of the Greek philosopher Isidore of Alexandria, whose biography he wrote, Damascius became head of the Academy about 520 and was still in office when ...
- Isidore Of Kiev
- Greek Orthodox patriarch of Russia, Roman cardinal, Humanist, and theologian who strove for reunion of Greek and Latin Christendom but was forced into exile because of concerted opposition, particularly from ... [2 Related Articles]
- Isidore of Sevilla, Saint
- theologian, last of the Western Latin Fathers, archbishop, and encyclopaedist, whose Etymologies, an encyclopaedia of human and divine subjects, was one of the chief landmarks in glossography ... [7 Related Articles]
- Isin
- ancient Mesopotamian city, probably the origin of a large mound near Ad-Diwaniyah, in southern Iraq. [6 Related Articles]
- Isinbayeva, Yelena
- Russian pole vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva lifted herself to a position of unchallenged mastery in her event in 2005, raising the women's outdoor world record five times during the year and ... [4 Related Articles]
- Ising problem
- (from the article "combinatorics") A rectangular m × n grid is made up of unit squares, each coloured either red or green. How many different colour patterns are there if the number of boundary ...
- Ising, Gustaf
- (from the article "linear accelerator") In 1924 Gustaf Ising, a Swedish physicist, proposed accelerating particles using alternating electric fields, with "drift tubes" positioned at appropriate intervals to shield the particles during the half-cycle when the ...
- Isinglass
- (foaled 1890), racehorse (Thoroughbred) who won the British Triple Crown in 1893 and earned a then record for a British horse of more than $235,000 (record broken in 1952) during ...
- isinglass
- (from the article "isinglass") thin sheets of mica, particularly of muscovite (q.v.).
for more general content related to this topicmuscovite
- Isinofre
- (from the article "Ramses II") ...between them. She seems to have died comparatively early in the reign, and her fine tomb in the Valley of the Tombs of the Queens at Thebes is well known. ...
- Isinyaso
- (from the article "African dance") ...spirit masqueraders of the Bambara people carry formalized carvings of antelopes and other wild animals, dancing in imitation of their movements to promote the fertility of land and community. The ...
- Isis
- one of the most important goddesses of ancient Egypt. Her name is the Greek form of an ancient Egyptian word for "throne." [14 Related Articles]
- Isis, Temple of
- (from the article "Philae") ...(Nekhtharehbe [reigned 360-343 BC]), last pharaoh of the 30th dynasty and last independent native ruler of Egypt prior to 1952, added the present colonnade. The complex of structures of the ...
- Isis-Osiris cult
- (from the article "Hilaria") in Roman religion, day of merriment and rejoicing in the Cybele-Attis cult and in the Isis-Osiris cult, March 25 and November 3, respectively. It was one of several days in ...
- Iskandar Muda
- sultan of Acheh (Atjeh) in northern Sumatra, under whom the region achieved its greatest territorial expansion and an international reputation as a centre of trade and of Islamic learning. [1 Related Articles]
- Iskandariyah, Al-
- muhafazah (governorate), Lower Egypt. The muhafazah is densely settled in the north in and around its capital, Alexandria (Al-Iskandariyah); it includes a desert hinterland ...
- Iskandarov, Mahmadruzi
- (from the article "Tajikistan") In mid-April Mahmadruzi Iskandarov, head of the opposition Democratic Party, was abducted in Moscow, where he had sought refuge to avoid what he said were politically motivated charges in Tajikistan. ...
- Iskander, Fazil
- Abkhazian author who wrote in Russian and is best known for using humour and a digressive, anecdotal style in his often satirical portrayals of life in Soviet Abkhazia.
- Iskanderkul
- (from the article "Tajikistan") ...is Lake Karakul, lying at an elevation of about 13,000 feet. Lake Sarez was formed in 1911 during an earthquake, when a colossal landslide dammed the Murgab River. The Zeravshan ...
- Iskenderun
- (from the article "Iskenderun") seaport and chief city of Iskenderun ilce (district), Hatay il (province), southern Turkey, located on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Iskenderun. It ...
- Iskenderun
- seaport and chief city of Iskenderun ilce (district), Hatay il (province), southern Turkey, located on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Iskenderun. It ...
- Iskur River
- longest (after the Danube) river in Bulgaria, formed south of Samokov in the Rila Mountains by its headstreams, the Beli (White) Iskur and Cherni (Black) Iskur. It cuts a 40-mile ... [2 Related Articles]
- Isla, Jose Francisco de
- Spanish satirist and preacher noted for his novel known as Fray Gerundio.
- Islah
- (from the article "Yemen") ...were judged by international monitors to be relatively free and fair. President Salih's party, the GPC, emerged with a large plurality of seats. The Islamic Reform Grouping (Islah), the main ...
- Islam
- major world religion belonging to the Semitic family; it was promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century AD. The Arabic term islam, literally ... [132 Related Articles]
- Islam Shah
- (from the article "India") Sher Shah died during the siege of Kalinjar (May 1545) and was succeeded by his son Islam Shah (ruled 1545-53). Islam Shah, preeminently a soldier, was less successful as a ...
- Islam, Kazi Nazrul
- (from the article "South Asian arts") Contemporary theatre inherits the tradition of the prepartition Bengali stage. The poet-playwright Nazrul Islam followed the tradition of Tagore's verse plays and dance operas. Inspired by left-wing ideology, he wrote ...
- Islam, Mazhar ul-
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...to a contemporary Islamic architecture are the Iranians Nader Ardalan and Kemzan Diba, the Iraqis Rifat Chaderji and Muhammad Makkiya, the Jordanian Rassem Badran, or the Bangladeshi Mazhar ul-Islam. Finally, ...
- Islam, Pillars of
- the five duties incumbent on every Muslim: shahadah, the Muslim profession of faith; salat, or ritual prayer, performed in a prescribed manner five times ... [1 Related Articles]
- Islamabad
- city, capital of Pakistan, on the Potwar Plateau, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Rawalpindi, the former interim capital. [7 Related Articles]
- Islamic Action Front
- (from the article "Jordan") ...for democratization amid the rising popularity of the Islamic movement in Jordan and in neighbouring countries. In a surprise move on the eve of the municipal councils' elections on July ...
- Islamic Army in Iraq
- (from the article "Italy") ...was aimed at teaching Italy a lesson for refusing to withdraw its troops from Iraq. Enzo Baldoni, a freelance journalist, was executed in August after the expiry of a 48-hour ...
- Islamic Art, Museum of
- (from the article "museums, history of") ...in 1913. Meanwhile in North Africa the Egyptian Museum in Cairo had been relocated to its new building in 1902, and certain of the collections had been transferred to form ...
- Islamic arts
- the literary, performing, and visual arts of the vast populations of the Middle East and elsewhere that adopted the Islamic faith from the 7th century onward. These adherents of the ... [54 Related Articles]
- Islamic Assembly
- (from the article "Pakistan") The role of religion in Pakistani society and politics finds its most visible expression in the Islamic Assembly (Jama'at-e Islami) party. Founded in 1941 by Abu al-A'la Mawdudi (Maududi), one ...
- Islamic Bank of Brunei Berhad
- (from the article "Brunei") The Islamization process accelerated. A new bank, the Islamic Bank of Brunei Berhad, was created by merging two existing banks, the Islamic Bank of Brunei Darusslam and the Islamic Development ...
- Islamic bath
- public bathing establishment developed in countries under Islamic rule that reflects the fusion of a primitive Eastern bath tradition and the elaborate Roman bathing process. A typical bath house consists ... [1 Related Articles]
- Islamic caste
- any of the units of social stratification that developed among Muslims in India and Pakistan as a result of the proximity of Hindu culture. Most of the South Asian Muslims ...
- Islamic Clergy, Assembly of
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...al-A'la Mawdudi (Maududi), commands a great deal of support among the urban lower-middle classes (as well as having great influence abroad). Two other religious parties, the Assembly of Islamic Clergy ...
- Islamic Conference, Organization of the
- an Islamic organization established in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in May 1971, following summits by Muslim heads of state and government in 1969 and by Muslim foreign ministers in 1970. The ... [3 Related Articles]
- Islamic Courts of Somalia, Council of
- (from the article "Somalia") After a decade of stagnation, 2006 was a year of revolutionary upheaval in Somalia, featuring the dramatic rise and fall of the Council of Islamic Courts of Somalia (CSIC). The ...
- Islamic Courts, Union of
- (from the article "Eritrea") ...sides in a new conflict in Somalia. The fighting, which had begun in December 2006, reached a climax when Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG), backed by Ethiopian troops, routed the ...
- Islamic Da'wah Party
- (from the article "Iraq") ...Kurds considered him a divisive figure unable to form a government of national unity. Finally, after four months of stalemate, Nuri Kamal al-Maliki (see Biographies) of the ...
- Islamic Democratic Alliance
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...from a number of lesser parties. Bhutto's party did well in Sind and the North-West Frontier Province, where it was able to form the provincial governments. However, the Punjab was ...
- Islamic Development Bank
- Muslim bank directed toward financing the economic and social development of members in accordance with the principles of the Shari'ah (Islamic sacred law). Conceived by the Organization of the Islamic ...
- Islamic Economy Organization
- (from the article "Iran") ...to industrial and agricultural projects, primarily through banks. All private banks and insurance companies were nationalized in 1979, and the Islamic Bank of Iran (later reorganized as the Islamic Economy ...
- Islamic Group
- (from the article "Egypt") ...policies especially harmed the poorest Egyptians, who often looked to Islamist groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood for assistance. Some Muslim extremists, however, including Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Group, ...
- Islamic Jihad
- (from the article "Hamas") ...in 1991 and arresting and deporting hundreds of Hamas activists. Hamas denounced the 1993 peace agreement between Israel and the PLO and, along with the Islamic Jihad group, subsequently intensified ...
- Islamic literature
- (from the article "Islamic arts") Islamic literaturesbiographiesbiographyCharacter sketches...than biographical literature-witness Shakespeare's Roman plays, which are based on his
- Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
- (from the article "Tajikistan") Law-enforcement officials repeatedly expressed concern that extremist groups, particularly the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan and Hizb ut-Tahrir, were becoming more active and more violent in 2006. The latter group was ...
- Islamic National Front
- (from the article "Sudan, history of the") ...insignificant portion of the popular vote. But the election roughly coincided with the return from France of Hasan al-Turabi, who assumed the leadership of the party, renamed the Islamic National ...
- Islamic Order, Committee to Determine the Expediency of the
- (from the article "Iran") In 1988 Khomeini ordered the formation of the Committee to Determine the Expediency of the Islamic Order-consisting of several members from the Council of Guardians and several members appointed by ...
- Islamic philosophy
- (from the article "Islam") Islamic theology (kalam) and philosophy (falsafah) are two traditions of learning developed by Muslim thinkers who were engaged, on the one hand, in the rational clarification and defense of the ...
- Islamic Prosperity and Justice Party
- (from the article "Indonesia") ...the outgoing administration, all but one major political party backed Fauzi, which virtually ensured his election. The sole challenger to Fauzi, a former deputy police chief nominated by the mildly ...
- Islamic Rebirth Party
- (from the article "Tajikistan") ...of the vote. He was seen by most citizens as the guarantor of political stability and the man who held the best promise for economic improvement. The largest of the ...
- Islamic Renaissance Party
- (from the article "Uzbekistan") ...resurgence affected the republic's cultural life through the increased activities of religious schools, neighbourhood mosques, religious orders, and religious publishing ventures and through the Islamic Renaissance Party.
- Islamic Republican Party
- (from the article "Iran") ...four years, supervised by the Council of Guardians. Suffrage is universal, and the minimum voting age is 16. All important matters are subject to referenda. At the outset of the ...
- Islamic Salvation Front
- (from the article "Algeria") ...the 800 dissidents remaining at large and a declaration of allegiance to al-Qaeda by the major body, the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC). Nonetheless, one former leader of ...
- Islamic Society
- (from the article "Afghanistan") ...in the country. Founded in 1965, the party soon split into two factions, known as the People's (Khalq) and Banner (Parcham) parties. Another was a conservative religious organization known as ...
- Islamic Society of North America
- (from the article "Religion") ...as "a very special event indeed" in the country where the Holocaust originated. Ingrid Mattson, who was raised a Roman Catholic and converted to Islam, was elected president of the ...
- Islamic Tendency Movement
- (from the article "Bourguiba, Habib") ...revival threatened the country, and, following a series of bomb attacks by Islamist elements on his beloved hometown of Monastir, he ordered a ferocious assault on the leadership and ranks ...
- Islamic University of Imam Muhammad Ibn Sa'ud
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") Riyadh's numerous educational institutions accommodate students at all levels of learning. King Sa'ud University (1957) and Islamic University of Imam Muhammad ibn Sa'ud (1953) are both national universities. In addition, ...
- Islamic world
- prehistory and history of the Islamic community. [244 Related Articles]
- island
- any area of land smaller than a continent and entirely surrounded by water. Islands may occur in oceans, seas, lakes, or rivers. A group of islands is called an archipelago. [4 Related Articles]
- island arc
- long, curved chain of oceanic islands associated with intense volcanic and seismic activity and orogenic (mountain-building) processes. Prime examples of this form of geologic feature include the Aleutian-Alaska Arc and ... [9 Related Articles]
- island biogeography, theory of
- (from the article "community ecology") ...the rate of colonization of an island are the size of the island, the distance between the island and other islands or the mainland, and the number of species inhabiting ...
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