| | - IS95 cellular system
- (from the article "telecommunication") ...in the same frequency band. Signals are either selected or rejected at the receiver by recognition of a user-specific signature waveform, which is constructed from an assigned spreading code. The ...
- isa Bey
- (from the article "Mehmed I") ...of Ankara, restored to the Turkmen their principalities that had been annexed by the Ottomans and divided the remaining Ottoman territory among three of Bayezid's sons. Thus, Mehmed ruled in ...
- Isa ibn Musa
- nephew of the first two 'Abbasid caliphs, military leader, and at one time presumptive heir to the caliphate.
- Isaac
- in the Old Testament (Genesis), second of the patriarchs of Israel, the only son of Abraham and Sarah, and father of Esau and Jacob. Although Sarah was past the age ... [3 Related Articles]
- Isaac ben Abraham
- (from the article "Judaism") Another theosophic tendency in Languedoc developed concurrently with-but independently of-the Sefer ha-bahir. The two movements would take only about 30 years to converge, constituting what may conveniently ...
- Isaac ben Moses Of Vienna
- medieval codifier of Jewish law (Halakha) whose vast compilation, Or Zaru'a ("Light Is Sown"), was widely quoted in later Halakhic works. Or Zaru'a is also valued by historians for its ...
- Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
- (from the article "Moses De Leon") ...he lived in Guadalajara (the Spanish centre of adherents of the Kabbala). He then traveled a great deal and finally settled in Avila. On a trip to Valladolid, he met ...
- Isaac ben Sid
- (from the article "Alfonsine Tables") ...at the centre of the universe. The introduction states that the work was prepared in Toledo, Spain, for King Alfonso X of Leon and Castile under the direction of Jehuda ...
- Isaac I
- (from the article "Crusades") After a stormy passage, Richard put in at Cyprus, where his sister Joan and his fiancee, Berengaria of Navarra, had been shipwrecked and held by the island's Byzantine ruler, a ...
- Isaac I Comnenus
- Byzantine emperor who restored economic stability at home and built up the neglected military defenses of the empire. [2 Related Articles]
- Isaac ibn Barun
- (from the article "Hebrew literature") The use of biblical Hebrew was made possible by the work of philologists. Of great importance was the creation of comparative linguistics by Judah ibn Kuraish (about 900) and Isaac ...
- Isaac II Angelus
- Byzantine emperor, who, although incapable of stemming administrative abuses, partly succeeded, by his defeat of the Serbians in 1190, in retrieving imperial fortunes in the Balkans. [6 Related Articles]
- Isaac Of Antioch
- Syrian writer, probably a priest of an independent Syrian Christian church and author of a wealth of theological literature and historical verse describing events in Rome and Asia Minor.
- Isaac of Nineveh
- Syrian bishop, theologian, and monk whose writings on mysticism became a fundamental source for both Eastern and Western Christians.
- Isaac of Ravenna
- (from the article "Severinus") Meanwhile, the exarch Isaac of Ravenna, supported by Roman soldiers, occupied the Lateran Palace in Rome and seized the church's treasure, hoping to force Severinus to conform to imperial demands. ...
- Isaac Of Stella
- monk, philosopher, and theologian, a leading thinker in 12th-century Christian humanism and proponent of a synthesis of Neoplatonic and Aristotelian philosophies.
- Isaac the Great, Saint
- Armenian Sahak celebrated catholicos, or spiritual head, of the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) Church, principal advocate of Armenian cultural and ecclesiastical independence and collaborator in the first translation of the Bible ... [2 Related Articles]
- Isaac, Heinrich
- one of the three leading composers (with Jakob Obrecht and Josquin des Prez) of the Flemish school in the late 15th century. [3 Related Articles]
- Isaacs, Alick
- (from the article "interferon") Interferons were discovered in 1957 by British bacteriologist Alick Isaacs and Swiss microbiologist Jean Lindenmann. Research conducted in the 1970s revealed that these substances could not only prevent viral infection ...
- Isaacs, Jorge
- Colombian poet and novelist whose best work, Maria (1867; Maria: A South American Romance, 1977), was one of the most famous Latin-American novels of the 19th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Isaacs, Nathaniel
- (from the article "Shaka") ...to the north. Fascinated by their ways and their artifacts, but convinced that his own civilization was much superior, he permitted them to stay. Two of the early settlers, Henry ...
- Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl
- (from the article "undersea exploration") ...fish are unable to escape from the net once caught. Trawls can be towed at speeds up to nine kilometres per hour. To counteract the tendency of an ordinary net ...
- Isaaq
- (from the article "Djibouti") ...is determined by clan-family membership. More than half of the Somali belong to the Issa, whose numbers exceed those of the Afar; the remaining Somali are predominately members of the ...
- Isabekov, Azim
- (from the article "Kyrgyzstan") ...km (76,641 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 5,317,000 | Capital: Bishkek | Head of state: President Kurmanbek Bakiyev | Head of government (appointed by the president): Prime Ministers Feliks ...
- Isabel de la Cruz
- (from the article "Spain") ...conversos to the Inquisition for Judaizing practices. Others embraced some form of less conventional, more spiritualized Christianity. Thus the followers of Sister Isabel de la Cruz, a Franciscan, organized the ...
- Isabel de Torres Peak
- (from the article "Puerto Plata") city and port, northwestern Dominican Republic. It lies at the foot of Isabel de Torres Peak, along the Atlantic Ocean. Puerto Plata (meaning "Silver Port" in Spanish) was founded in ...
- Isabela
- (from the article "Basilan") The chief settlement is Isabela (also called Basilan City), and other towns include Lamitan, in the north of the island, and Maluso, in the west. The island was one of ...
- Isabela Island
- largest of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. It lies in the eastern Pacific Ocean 600 miles (965 km) west of mainland Ecuador and has an area of 2,249 square miles (5,825 ... [2 Related Articles]
- Isabelia, Cordillera
- (from the article "Nicaragua") ...is made up generally of valleys separated by low but rugged mountains and many volcanoes. This intricately dissected region includes the Cordillera Entre Rios, on the Honduras border; the Cordilleras ...
- Isabella
- (from the article "Columbus, Christopher") ...the stockade destroyed and the men dead. Here was a clear sign that Taino resistance had gathered strength. More fortified places were rapidly built, including a city, founded on January ...
- Isabella
- (from the article "Measure for Measure") ...as a friar in order to watch what unfolds. Following the letter of the law, Angelo passes the death sentence on Claudio, a nobleman convicted for impregnating his betrothed, Juliet. ...
- Isabella Clara Eugenia, archduchess of Austria
- infanta of Spain who became the instrument of her father's claims to the thrones of England and France; as archduchess of Austria, she ruled the Spanish Netherlands with her husband, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Isabella Farnese
- queen consort of Philip V of Spain (reigned 1700-46), whose ambitions to secure Italian possessions for her children embroiled Spain in wars and intrigues for three decades. Her capability in ... [7 Related Articles]
- Isabella I
- queen of Jerusalem (1192-1205). [2 Related Articles]
- Isabella I
- queen of Castile (1474-1504) and of Aragon (1479-1504), ruling the two kingdoms jointly from 1479 with her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon (Ferdinand V of Castile). Their rule effected the ... [17 Related Articles]
- Isabella II
- queen of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem (1212-28) and consort of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II.
- Isabella II
- queen of Spain (1833-68) whose troubled reign was marked by political instability and the rule of military politicians. Isabella's failure to respond to growing demands for a more progressive regime, ... [12 Related Articles]
- Isabella of Bavaria
- queen consort of Charles VI of France, who frequently was regent because of her husband's periodic insanity. Her gravest political act was the signing of the Treaty of Troyes (May ... [2 Related Articles]
- Isabella Of France
- queen consort of Edward II of England, who played a principal part in the deposition of the King in 1327. [5 Related Articles]
- Isabella of Gloucester
- (from the article "John") ...1189, John was made count of Mortain (a title that became his usual style), was confirmed as lord of Ireland, was granted lands and revenues in England worth £6,000 a ...
- Isabella of Hainaut
- (from the article "Philip II") ...Guillaume, archbishop of Reims; and Thibaut V, count of Blois and Chartres-hoped to use the youthful king to control France. To escape from their tutelage, Philip, on April 28, 1180, ...
- Isabella of Portugal
- (from the article "Luna, Alvaro de") However, in 1447 John II married Isabella of Portugal, who determined to destroy Luna's power over her husband. In 1453, Isabella, supported by their son, the future Henry IV, persuaded ...
- Isabella tiger moth
- (from the article "tiger moth") A typical arctiid, the Isabella tiger moth (Isia isabella), emerges in spring and attains a wingspan of 37 to 50 mm (1.5 to 2 inches). Black spots mark its abdomen ...
- Isabella, Princess
- (from the article "Denmark") On April 21 Australian-born Crown Princess Mary, wife of Crown Prince Frederik, gave birth to a second child. Princess Isabella would be third in line to the throne after her ...
- Isabelline
- vigorous, inventive, and cosmopolitan architectural style created during the joint reign of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, which in turn formed the basis for the Plateresque style. The ... [2 Related Articles]
- Isabey, Jean-Baptiste
- gifted French painter and printmaker, specializing in portraits and miniatures. He enjoyed official favour from the time of Louis XVI until his death. His portrait Napoleon at ... [1 Related Articles]
- Isaeus
- professional speech writer specializing in testamentary law, whose lucidity and logical method were a landmark in the development of forensic oratory. According to tradition, he was the pupil of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Isagoras
- (from the article "Cleisthenes Of Athens") In the struggle for power that followed the fall of the tyranny, Cleisthenes failed to impose his leadership, and in 508 Isagoras, the leader of the more reactionary nobles, was ...
- Isahaya
- city, Nagasaki ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan, at the neck of the three peninsulas of Shimabara, Nagasaki, and Nishisonoki. The city has been an important commercial centre for the surrounding agricultural ...
- Isaiah
- prophet after whom the biblical Book of Isaiah is named (only some of the first 39 chapters are attributed to him), a significant contributor to Jewish and Christian traditions. His ... [7 Related Articles]
- Isaiah scroll
- (from the article "biblical literature") The most important manuscripts from what is now identified as Cave 1 of Qumran are a practically complete Isaiah scroll (1QIsaa), dated c. 100-75 BCE, and another very fragmentary manuscript ...
- Isaiah, Ascension of
- pseudepigraphal work surviving intact only in a 5th-7th-century-AD Ethiopic edition. Fragments exist in Greek, Coptic, Latin, and Old Slavonic. Three separate works comprise the total book, the final version by ... [2 Related Articles]
- Isaiah, Book of
- one of the major prophetical writings of the Old Testament. The superscription identifies Isaiah as the son of Amoz and his book as "the vision of Isaiah . . . ... [9 Related Articles]
- Isakovo culture
- (from the article "Stone Age") ...adaptation to a taiga environment. Chronological phases are based chiefly on the Angara grave materials by means of stratigraphy and comparisons. The following successive cultures are discerned: (1) Isakovo, showing ...
- Isamaa
- (from the article "Meri, Lennart") ...in 1990, Meri entered politics when he was named foreign minister. Estonia became independent in 1991, and Meri was appointed ambassador to Finland in 1992. He then ran for president ...
- Isamu Noguchi Garden Museum
- (from the article "Noguchi, Isamu") ...stage sets for Martha Graham, George Balanchine, and Merce Cunningham. In 1982 he was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal for outstanding lifelong contribution to the arts. In 1985 Noguchi opened ...
- Isan
- (from the article "Thailand") The majority of peoples living in the northeast region, which corresponds to the Khorat Plateau, share linguistic, cultural, and religious traditions with the Lao living across the Mekong River. Until ...
- Isanavarman
- chief of the Maukhari family of northern India, originally a feudatory of the Gupta Empire, who by the middle of the 6th century had declared his independence from the Guptas ...
- Isandhlwana and Rorke's Drift, Battles of
- (Jan. 22-23, 1879), the major battles of the Zulu War, in South Africa. At Isandhlwana, the British failure to defend their encampment led to the obliteration of an imperial force ... [1 Related Articles]
- Isaq ibn Ahmed, Sheikh
- (from the article "Somalia") ...Daarood Somali, who apparently came from Arabia to settle in the northeastern corner of the Somali Peninsula in the 11th century. This was followed, perhaps two centuries later, by the ...
- isar
- (from the article "dress") ...of the jamah, a long-sleeved coat that reached to the knees or below and was belted in with a sash, and wide trousers known as
- Isar River
- river, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. Rising at an elevation of 5,741 feet (1,750 m) in the Karwendelgebirge, just northeast of Innsbruck, Austria, the Isar runs west and then north ...
- Isar River Bridge
- (from the article "bridge") ...goal of safe passage across a small river is not affected by heavy boat traffic-the Chatellerault bridge has three arches, the centre spanning just over 48 metres (160 feet). In ...
- Isasmelt process
- (from the article "lead processing") In the Isasmelt process, a gas or air lance is brought in through the top of a furnace and its tip submerged in the sulfide concentrate. A blast from the ...
- Isaura Palaia
- (from the article "Isauria") ...authors as warlike and uncivilized, were conquered by the Roman general Publius Servilius Vatia "Isauricus" in a three-year campaign, 76-74 BC. Their country with its capital, Isaura Palaia, was joined ...
- Isauria
- ancient inland district of south-central Anatolia. Its inhabitants, a mountain people described by Greco-Roman authors as warlike and uncivilized, were conquered by the Roman general Publius Servilius Vatia "Isauricus" in ...
- Isaurian
- (from the article "Anastasius I") Among the first actions of Anastasius was the expulsion of Zeno's rebellious and powerful countrymen, the Isaurians, from Constantinople and their later resettlement in Thrace. To protect Constantinople against the ...
- Isca Silurum
- (from the article "Caerleon") ...archaeological site, and residential suburb of Newport, Newport county borough, historic county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), Wales, on the River Usk. It was important as the Roman fortress of Isca ...
- ischemia
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") Coronary heart disease is a general term for a number of syndromes. Ischemic heart disease, an alternative term, is actually more correct because the syndromes described are all to some ...
- Ischia, Island of
- island at the northwest entrance to the Bay of Naples, opposite Capo (cape) Miseno, Campania region, southern Italy, just west-southwest of Naples. Oblong in shape, with a circumference of 21 ...
- ischial callosite
- (from the article "monkey") ...directed nostrils, whereas Old World monkeys have narrow noses with a thin septum and downward-facing nostrils, as do apes and humans. Old World monkeys have hard, bare "sitting pads" (ischial ...
- ischium
- (from the article "bird") ...into a single piece with the synsacrum. The ilium is the most dorsal element and the only one extending forward of the socket of the leg (acetabulum). The ilium is ...
- ISDN
- all-digital high-speed network provided by telephone carriers that allows voice and data to be carried over existing telephone circuits. [2 Related Articles]
- Ise
- city, Mie ken (prefecture), southern Honshu, Japan, on Ise Bay (Ise-wan) of the Pacific Ocean. The city contains several major Shinto shrines. Central among these is the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ise family
- (from the article "Japan") ...Yoriyuki as kanrei, this post became the most important in the bakufu government. The official business of the Mandokoro was to control the finances of the bakufu; and later the ...
- Ise Shinto
- school of Shinto established by priests of the Watarai family who served at the Outer Shrine of the Ise Shrine (Ise-jingu). Ise Shinto establishes purity and honesty as the highest ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ise-Shima National Park
- national park on the Shima Peninsula, central Honshu, Japan. Its two main cities are Ise, famous for its Shinto shrines, and Toba, a seaport that guards the southern entrance to ...
- Iselin, Columbus O'D
- American oceanographer who, as director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1940-50; 1956-57) in Massachusetts, expanded its facilities 10-fold and made it one of the largest research establishments of its ...
- Isengrim
- greedy and dull-witted wolf who is a prominent character in many medieval European beast epics. Often cast as a worldly and corrupt churchman, he appears first as a character in ... [1 Related Articles]
- isentropic chart
- meteorological map that shows the moisture distribution and flow of air along a surface of constant entropy, which is also a surface of constant potential temperature (the temperature a parcel ...
- Iseo, Lake
- lake in Lombardia (Lombardy) region, northern Italy, between Bergamo and Brescia provinces, at the southern foot of the Alps at an altitude of 610 feet (186 m). The lake is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Iseppo Porto, Palazzo
- (from the article "Palladio, Andrea") ...in a loggia, or roofed open gallery. The tripartite division of the colonnaded elevation, which gives the building a definite central focus, was an innovation. The second, in 1552, was ...
- Isere
- (from the article "Rhone-Alpes") ...region of France encompassing the southeastern departements of Loire, Rhone, Ain, Haute-Savoie, Savoie, Isere, Drome, and Ardeche. Rhone-Alpes is bounded by the regions of ...
- Isere River
- river, southwestern France, originating in the Savoy Alps on the Italian frontier and flowing 180 miles (290 km) to its confluence with the Rhone above Valence, draining a basin of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Iserloh, Erwin
- (from the article "The posting of the theses") Luther was long believed to have posted the theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, but the historicity of this event has been questioned. The issue is ...
- Iserlohn
- city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies at the entrance to the hilly, wooded Sauerland region, southeast of Dortmund. First mentioned in the 11th century, ...
- Isernia
- town, Molise region, south central Italy, between the Carpino and Sordo rivers, west of Campobasso. It originated as Aesernia, a town of the Samnites (an ancient Italic people), and later ...
- Isesaki
- city, Gumma ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Ryomo Line (railway) between Takasaki and Oyama. Isesaki prospered as a market town around a castle built in the early Tokugawa period ...
- Iseyin
- town, Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria, at the intersection of roads from Oyo to Iwere and from Abeokuta to Okaka. In the early 1860s, the Yoruba Mission opened an Anglican church ...
- isfet
- (from the article "Egyptian religion") ...maat ("order") was fundamental in Egyptian thought. The king's role was to set maat in place of isfet ("disorder"). Maat was ...
- Isham, John
- English composer and organist.
- Isham, Ralph Heyward
- American collector of rare manuscripts who discovered the long-missing manuscripts of James Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson and other Boswell papers and letters.
- Ishaq al-Mawsili
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...required to possess technical proficiency, creative power, and almost encyclopaedic knowledge. Among the finest artists of the period were Ibrahim al-Mawsili and his son Ishaq. Members of a noble Persian ...
- Ishaq ibn 'Abd al-Hamid
- (from the article "North Africa") The Idrisid state of Fez (modern Fes, Morocco) originated in the desire of Ishaq ibn 'Abd al-Hamid, chief of the powerful tribal confederation of the Awraba, to consolidate his authority ...
- Ishara
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...of the Sumerians, were of lesser rank. More important was the position of the Babylonian god of war and the underworld, Nergal. In northern Syria the god of war Astapi ...
- Ishbi-Erra
- (from the article "Isin") An independent dynasty was established at Isin about 2017 BC by Ishbi-Erra, "the man of Mari." He founded a line of Amorite rulers of whom the first five claimed authority ...
- Ishbosheth
- in the Old Testament (II Samuel 2:8-4:12), fourth son of King Saul and the last representative of his family to be king over Israel (the northern kingdom, as opposed to ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ishchenko, Natalya
- (from the article "Swimming") ...200 competitors representing 29 countries, swimmers from only three countries took home medals: Russia (four gold), Spain (two silver and two bronze), and Japan (also two silver and two bronze). ...
- Isherwood, B(enjamin) F(ranklin)
- U.S. naval engineer who, during the American Civil War, greatly augmented the U.S. Navy's steam-powered fleet.
- Isherwood, Christopher
- Anglo-American novelist and playwright best known for his novels about Berlin in the early 1930s. [3 Related Articles]
- Ishibashi Tanzan
- politician, economist, and journalist who was prime minister of Japan from December 1956 to February 1957.
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