| | - Ioannou, Yorgos
- (from the article "Greek literature") ...The Third Wedding) by Kostas Tachtsis, the female narrator tells the story of her life with venomous verve, unwittingly exposing the oppressive nature of the Greek family. Yorgos Ioannou's part-fictional, ...
- Ioasaf
- (from the article "Meteora") ...and built the first structures of the Great Meteoron. The Serbian king then in control of Thessaly granted the monastery religious privileges. In 1388 the king's son and the hermit ...
- Iobates
- (from the article "Bellerophon") ...telling) or Stheneboea (in the works of Hesiod and later writers)-loved Bellerophon; when he rejected her overtures, she falsely accused him to her husband. Proetus then sent Bellerophon to Iobates, ...
- Iocaste
- (from the article "Graham, Martha") ...Frontier symbolized the frontier woman's achievement of mastery over an uncharted domain. In Night Journey (1948), a work about the Greek legendary figure Jocasta, the whole dance-drama ...
- ioculare
- (from the article "Provencal literature") The origins of the earliest Provencal poets were indicated by contemporary Latin chroniclers, who mentioned ioculares, men of a class not highly regarded, whose profession consisted in amusing their audience ...
- iodate mineral
- (from the article "nitrate and iodate minerals") small group of naturally occurring inorganic compounds that are practically confined to the Atacama Desert of northern Chile; the principal locality is Antofagasta. These minerals occur under the loose soil ...
- iodide
- (from the article "Common simple cations and anions") ...i.e., the oxidation number 0 of the free element is reduced to −1. The halogens can combine with other elements to form compounds known as halides-namely, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, ...
- iodide ion
- (from the article "iodine") Iodine is never found in nature uncombined. It is present in seawater, but sparingly, as the iodide ion, I−, to the extent of approximately 50 mg per metric ton (0.0016 ...
- iodine
- chemical element, a member of the halogen elements, or Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. [27 Related Articles]
- iodine deficiency
- condition in which iodine is insufficient or is not utilized properly. Iodine is an element that directly affects thyroid gland secretions, which themselves to a great extent control heart action, ... [5 Related Articles]
- iodine value
- in analytical chemistry, measure of the degree of unsaturation of an oil, fat, or wax; the amount of iodine, in grams, that is taken up by 100 grams of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- iodine-127
- (from the article "iodine") The only naturally occurring isotope of iodine is stable iodine-127. An exceptionally useful radioactive isotope is iodine-131, which has a half-life of eight days. It is employed in medicine to ...
- iodine-131
- (from the article "Values for the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of certain radionuclides") The only naturally occurring isotope of iodine is stable iodine-127. An exceptionally useful radioactive isotope is iodine-131, which has a half-life of eight days. It is employed in medicine to ...
- iodized salt
- table salt with small amounts of iodine added, usually as potassium iodide, to ensure against dietary deficiency of iodine. Where iodized salt is used, particularly in Switzerland and the United ... [1 Related Articles]
- iodoform
- a yellow, crystalline solid belonging to the family of organic halogen compounds, used as an antiseptic component of medications for minor skin diseases.
- iodometry
- (from the article "halogen element") Iodine and its compounds are used extensively in analytical chemistry. Many analytical procedures are based on the release or uptake of iodine and its subsequent titration with sodium thiosulfate (iodometry). ...
- iodopsin
- (from the article "visual pigment") ...in brighter light than scotopsins and occur in the vertebrate cone cells; they differ from the scotopsins only in the characteristics of the opsin fraction. The retinal1 forms are called ...
- iodoquinol
- (from the article "drug") Iodoquinol inhibits several enzymes of protozoans. It is given orally for treating asymptomatic amoebiasis and is given either by itself or in combination with metronidazole for intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis.
- Iofan, Boris Mikhaylovich
- (from the article "Western architecture") Modern European styles of architecture were subjected to official disfavour in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, as Stalin's government adopted Classical monuments-such as Boris Mikhaylovich Iofan's winning design for ...
- Iol
- ancient seaport of Mauretania, located west of what is now Algiers in Algeria. Iol was originally founded as a Carthaginian trading station, but it was later renamed Caesarea and became ... [1 Related Articles]
- Iolani Palace
- (from the article "Honolulu") ...crater 1 mile (2 km) inland, contains the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific with some 24,000 graves of World War II, Korean, and Vietnam War dead. The focus of ...
- Iolaus
- ancient Greek hero, the nephew, charioteer, and assistant of Heracles. He was the son of Iphicles, himself mortal half brother of Heracles by the same mother, Alcmene. [1 Related Articles]
- Iolo Goch
- (from the article "Celtic literature") ...established as the leading form, and the new subjects were recognized as fit themes for poetry. One contemporary, Gruffudd ab Adda, went much further toward a modern conception of nature; ...
- Iommi, Tony
- (from the article "Black Sabbath") ...Terry ("Geezer") Butler (b. July 17, 1949Birmingham), Tony Iommi (b. Feb. 19, 1948Birmingham), and Bill Ward...
- ion
- any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged ions, anions. Ions are formed by ... [45 Related Articles]
- ion acoustic wave
- (from the article "plasma") ...fact, in a plasma sound wave the electrons and ions become slightly separated owing to their difference in mass, and an electric field builds up to bring them back together. ...
- ion beam machining
- (from the article "machine tool") In IBM a stream of charged atoms (ions) of an inert gas, such as argon, is accelerated in a vacuum by high energies and directed toward a solid workpiece. The ...
- ion cyclotron resonance heating
- (from the article "fusion reactor") ...frequency of the electromagnetic wave is equal to the frequency at which a nucleus gyrates about a magnetic field line, this resonant nucleus absorbs energy from the wave. This technique ...
- ion cyclotron wave
- (from the article "plasma") ...referred to as the fast and slow Alfven waves, which propagate at different frequency-dependent speeds. At still higher frequencies these two waves (called the electron cyclotron and ion cyclotron waves, ...
- ion engine
- (from the article "aerospace industry") Initially only low-thrust liquid-fuel systems were used for spacecraft onboard propulsion. Beginning in the 1990s, small, simple electric propulsion systems, or ion engines, have been used as well. Ion engines ...
- ion exchanger
- (from the article "chromatography") Ion exchangers are natural substances-for example, certain clays-or deliberately synthesized resins containing positive ions (cation exchangers) or negative ions (anion exchangers) that exchange with those ions in solution having a ...
- ion exclusion
- (from the article "sugar") In order to increase production at the beet sugar factory, molasses desugarization is practiced. One prominent desugarization process is ion exclusion, which separates compounds by their molecular weight and electrical ...
- ion implantation
- (from the article "radiation") Ion implantation involves the irradiation of solids by beams of energetic ions emanating from particle accelerators. Typical energies employed are on the order of 100 keV (100,000 electron volts). Typical ...
- ion microprobe
- (from the article "dating") ...the difficulty of ionizing osmium in a mass spectrometer. A number of new approaches are being studied. In one method, success has been demonstrated in ionizing osmium in an instrument ...
- Ion of Chios
- (from the article "biography") In the Western world, biographical literature can be said to begin in the 5th century BC with the poet Ion of Chios, who wrote brief sketches of such famous contemporaries ...
- ion pair
- in physics and chemistry, a duplex of charged particles (ordinarily charged atoms or molecules), one positive, the other negative. An ion pair, for the physicist, is the positively charged particle ... [6 Related Articles]
- ion product
- (from the article "acid-base reaction") ...term and express the self-dissociation of the solvent by the equation Ks = [SH2+][S−]. In this equation, Ks is termed the ion product or the autoprotolysis constant of the solvent. ...
- ion pump
- (from the article "cell") ...a lower concentration, it is unable to return spontaneously (under its own energy) to its former high concentration. However, by the addition of energy from an outside source (through the ...
- ion saturation
- (from the article "radiation measurement") ...voltage is raised, the stronger electric field separates the charges more quickly, and recombination is eventually made negligible at a sufficient applied voltage. This point marks the onset of the ...
- ion scattering spectroscopy
- (from the article "surface analysis") For both SIMS and ISS, a primary ion beam with kinetic energy of 0.3-10 keV, usually composed of ions of an inert gas, is directed onto a surface. When an ...
- ion source
- (from the article "mass spectrometry") Ion sourcesparticle acceleratorsparticle acceleratorVan de Graaff generators...needles, from which it passes to the outer surface of the terminal. A carefully ...
- ion transport
- (from the article "nervous system") As is stated above, the lipid bilayer of the neuronal membrane tends to repel electrically charged, hydrated ions, making virtually impossible the movement across the membrane that is necessary for ...
- ion trap
- (from the article "quantum computer") ...the U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) announced that they had created a 4-qubit quantum computer by entangling four ionized beryllium atoms using an electromagnetic "trap." After confining ...
- ion-beam scanning
- (from the article "mass spectrometry") Ion-beam analysis
- ion-chamber dosimeter
- (from the article "Table 5: Applications of Radiation Interactions in Detectors") ...Thermoluminescent dosimeters are nonmetallic crystalline solids that trap electrons when exposed to ionizing radiation and can be mounted and calibrated to give a reading of radiation level. The ion-chamber dosimeter, ...
- ion-deposition printer
- (from the article "information processing") ...photocopying to paper. Light-emitting diode (LED) printers resemble laser printers in operation but direct light from energized diodes rather than a laser onto a photoconductive surface. Ion-deposition printers make use ...
- ion-exchange capacity
- measure of the ability of an insoluble material to undergo displacement of ions previously attached and loosely incorporated into its structure by oppositely charged ions present in the surrounding solution. ...
- ion-exchange chromatography
- (from the article "dating") Once dissolved, the sample is ready for the chemical separation of the dating elements. This is generally achieved by using the methods of ion-exchange chromatography. In this process, ions are ...
- ion-exchange membrane
- (from the article "ion-exchange reaction") Ion-exchange resins also may be fabricated into thin sheets, although it is not easy to make a sheet of ion exchanger that is strong and flexible and at the same ...
- ion-exchange reaction
- any of a class of chemical reactions between two substances (each consisting of positively and negatively charged species called ions) that involves an exchange of one or more ionic components. [8 Related Articles]
- ion-exchange resin
- any of a wide variety of organic compounds synthetically polymerized and containing positively or negatively charged sites that can attract an ion of opposite charge from a surrounding solution. The ... [6 Related Articles]
- ion-molecule reaction
- (from the article "radiation") ...similarly produced, can experience a variety of reactions even before neutralization occurs. Such an ion may fragment all by itself, or it may react with a neutral molecule in what ...
- ion-selective electrode
- (from the article "analysis") The second category of potentiometric indicator electrodes is the ion-selective electrode. Ion-selective electrodes preferentially respond to a single chemical species. The potential between the indicator electrode and the reference electrode ...
- ion-trap mass spectrometry
- (from the article "mass spectrometry") It is possible to configure electric and magnetic fields so that ions can be held in stable orbits for a period of time long enough to perform useful measurements on ...
- ion-velocity spectrometer
- (from the article "mass spectrometry") The energy of an ion is proportional to the square of its velocity, so ions of constant energy can be separated through the use of fields that vary with time. ...
- Iona
- island of the Inner Hebrides, Strathclyde region, Scotland. It is 3 miles (5 km) long by 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide, with its highest point just under 330 feet (100 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Iona Community
- missionary group of clergy and laymen within the Church of Scotland. It was founded in 1938 by George MacLeod, a parish minister in Glasgow who hoped to infuse a new ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ionesco, Eugene
- Romanian-born French dramatist whose one-act "antiplay" La Cantatrice chauve (1949; The Bald Soprano) inspired a revolution in dramatic techniques and helped inaugurate the Theatre of the Absurd. He was elected ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ionescu, Eugen
- (from the article "Ionic dialect") any of several Ancient Greek dialects spoken in Euboea, in the Northern Cyclades, and from approximately 1000 BC in Asiatic Ionia, where Ionian colonists from Athens founded their cities. Attic ...
- Ionia
- ancient region comprising the central sector of the western coast of Anatolia (now in Turkey). It was bounded by the regions of Aeolis on the north and Caria on the ... [9 Related Articles]
- Ionian
- any member of an important eastern division of the ancient Greek people, who gave their name to a district on the western coast of Anatolia (now Turkey). The Ionian dialect ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ionian Basin
- (from the article "Mediterranean Sea") The eastern Mediterranean is subdivided into two major basins. The Ionian Basin, in the area known as the Ionian Sea, lies to the south of Italy and Greece, where the ...
- Ionian Islands
- island group off the west coast of Greece, stretching south from the Albanian coast to the southern tip of the Peloponnese, and often called Heptanesos ("Seven Islands"). The islands are ... [7 Related Articles]
- Ionian mode
- (from the article "diatonic") ...Diatonic harmony arose gradually, in the form of numerous exceptions to the rules of the church modes. In the 16th century the humanist Henricus Glareanus proposed two additional modes, Aeolian ...
- Ionian revolt
- (from the article "Anatolia") ...overlordship. Outside the cities, occupation forces and military colonies preserved law and order. In 499, however, Histiaeus, the Greek ruler of Miletus, led a revolt against Persia. This Ionian revolt ...
- Ionian school
- school of Greek philosophers of the 6th to 5th century BC, including Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heracleitus, Anaxagoras, Diogenes of Apollonia, Archelaus, and Hippon. Although Ionia was the original centre of ... [5 Related Articles]
- Ionian Sea
- part of the Mediterranean Sea, lying between Greece (east), Sicily (southwest), and Italy (west and northwest). Though considered by ancient authors to be part of the Adriatic Sea, the Ionian ...
- ionic acid
- (from the article "acid-base reaction") 2. In addition to the familiar molecular acids, two classes of ionic acids emerge from the new definition. The first comprises anions derived from acids containing more than one acidic ...
- Ionic alphabet
- most important variety of the eastern form of the ancient Greek alphabet, developed late in the 5th century BC. In 403 the Ionic alphabet used in the Anatolian city of ... [3 Related Articles]
- ionic bond
- type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred ... [15 Related Articles]
- ionic carbide
- (from the article "carbide") Ionic carbides have discrete carbon anions of the forms C4−, sometimes called methanides since they can be viewed as being derived from methane, (CH4); C22−, called acetylides and derived from ...
- ionic compound
- (from the article "amide") Ionic, or saltlike, amides are strongly alkaline compounds ordinarily made by treating ammonia, an amine, or a covalent amide with a reactive metal such as sodium.bonding
- ionic conduction
- (from the article "conductive ceramics") Ionic conduction consists of the transit of ions (atoms of positive or negative charge) from one site to another via point defects called vacancies in the crystal lattice. At normal ...
- ionic crystal
- (from the article "chemical bonding") The structures of ionic solids have already been described in some detail. They consist of individual ions that are stacked together in such a way that the assembly has the ...
- Ionic dialect
- any of several Ancient Greek dialects spoken in Euboea, in the Northern Cyclades, and from approximately 1000 BC in Asiatic Ionia, where Ionian colonists from Athens founded their cities. Attic ...
- ionic foot
- in prosody, a foot of verse that consists of either two long and two short syllables (also called major ionic or a maiore) or two short and two long syllables ...
- Ionic numeral
- (from the article "numerals and numeral systems") ...of numerals, paralleling the Attic numerals, came into use in Greece that was better adapted to the theory of numbers, though it was more difficult for the trading classes to ...
- Ionic order
- (from the article "Ionic order") one of the orders of classical architecture. Its distinguishing feature is the twin volutes, or spiral scrolls, of its capital. See order.
Ionic orderIonic order columns on the Western ...
- ionic regulation
- (from the article "excretion") ...that would exert osmotic pressure against a membrane impermeable to them. Osmotic regulation controls the amount of water in the body fluids relative to the amount of osmotically active solutes. ...
- ionic solvation energy
- (from the article "acid-base reaction") ...all completely dissociated (are strong acids) in aqueous solution. These trends are due to variations in bond strength, electronegativity (attractive power of the atomic nucleus for electrons), and ionic solvation ...
- Ionic-Attic
- (from the article "Greek literature") The several types of Greek lyric poetry originated in the Archaic period among the poets of the Aegean Islands and of Ionia on the coast of Asia Minor. Archilochus of ...
- ionium
- (from the article "ionium-thorium dating") method of establishing the time of origin of marine sediments according to the amount of ionium and thorium they contain.datingUranium-series ...
- ionium-thorium dating
- method of establishing the time of origin of marine sediments according to the amount of ionium and thorium they contain. [1 Related Articles]
- ionization
- in chemistry and physics, any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are converted to electrically charged atoms or molecules (ions). Ionization is one of the principal ways that ... [35 Related Articles]
- ionization chamber
- radiation detector used for determining the intensity of a beam of radiation or for counting individual charged particles. The device may consist of a gas-filled, cylindrical container in which an ... [4 Related Articles]
- ionization density
- (from the article "radiation") The ionization density (number of ions per unit of path length) produced by a fast charged particle along its track increases as the particle slows down. It eventually reaches a ...
- ionization energy
- in chemistry, the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule. There is an ionization energy for each successive electron removed; the ionization energy ... [14 Related Articles]
- ionization isomerism
- (from the article "coordination compound") Certain isomeric pairs occur that differ only in that two ionic groups exchange positions within (and without) the primary coordination sphere. These are called ionization isomers and are exemplified by ...
- ionization track
- (from the article "radiation") Charged particles, such as atomic or molecular ions or molecular fragments, that travel in a material medium deposit energy along their paths, or tracks. If the medium is sufficiently thick, ...
- ionizing radiation
- (from the article "human disease") Sustained exposure to two forms of radiant energy-namely, UV light and ionizing radiation-is carcinogenic for humans. Repeated and sustained exposure to UV rays emanating from the Sun causes mutations of ...
- ionizing radiation injury
- (from the article "Symptoms of acute radiation sickness (hematopoietic form)") The signs and symptoms resulting from intensive irradiation of a large portion of the bone marrow or gastrointestinal tract constitute a clinical picture known as radiation sickness, or the acute ...
- ionone
- (from the article "citral") Lemongrass oil contains 70-80 percent citral, which may be isolated by distillation. Other natural sources include the oils of verbena and citronella. Citral can be synthesized from myrcene. Ionone and ...
- ionopause
- (from the article "comet") ...onset of the plasma tail of Comet P/Giacobini-Zinner on September 11, 1985. Two magnetic lobes separated by a current-carrying neutral sheet were observed as expected. A related feature known as ...
- ionosphere
- (from the article "ionosphere and magnetosphere") Ionosphereeffect onEarth's magnetic fieldgeomagnetic fieldThe ionospheric dynamoAbove the Earth's surface is the next source of magnetic field, the ionospheric dynamo-an ...
- ionosphere and magnetosphere
- regions of Earth's atmosphere in which the number of electrically charged particles-ions and electrons-are large enough to affect the propagation of radio waves. The charged particles are created by the ...
- ionospheric dynamo
- (from the article "geomagnetic field") Above the Earth's surface is the next source of magnetic field, the ionospheric dynamo-an electric current system flowing in the planet's ionosphere. Beginning at about 50 kilometres and extending above ...
- ionospheric reflection
- (from the article "telecommunications media") Common forms of reflected wave propagation are ground reflection, where the wave is reflected off land or water, and ionospheric reflection, where the wave is reflected off an upper layer ...
- iora
- (from the article "iora") smallest of the fairy bluebird species. See fairy bluebird.fairy bluebirdsfairy bluebird...used as a n
- Iorga, Nicolae
- scholar and statesman, Romania's greatest national historian, who also served briefly as its prime minister (1931-32). [1 Related Articles]
- Iorwerth, Book of
- (from the article "Welsh law") ...to be casual collections of miscellaneous material, but most purport to give a complete statement of the law. These "complete" manuscripts fall into three groups, generally called the Book of ...
- Iovine, Jimmy
- (from the article "Death Row Records and Interscope Records") Among the individuals responsible for the flourishing of hip-hop in Los Angeles in the 1990s was a white man, Jimmy Iovine, a former engineer on recordings by Bruce Springsteen and ...
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