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Ibn Sa'ud ... Id al-Adha

Ibn Sa'ud: in full 'abd Al-'aziz Ibn 'abd Ar-rahman Ibn Faysal Ibn Turki 'abd Allah Ibn Muhammad Al Sa'ud tribal and Muslim religious leader who formed the modern state of Saudi Arabia ...
ibn Shem Tov, Joseph ben Shem Tov: Jewish philosopher and Castilian court physician who attempted to mediate the disdain shown for philosophy by contemporary Jewish scholars by undertaking a reconciliation of Aristotelian ethical philosophy with Jewish religious ...
Ibn Taymiyah: one of Islam's most forceful theologians who, as a member of the Pietist school founded by Ibn Hanbal, sought the return of the Islamic religion to its sources: the Qur'an ...
ibn Tibbon, Jacob ben Machir: French Jewish physician, translator, and astronomer whose work was utilized by Copernicus and Dante. He was highly regarded as a physician and served as regent of the faculty of medicine ...
ibn Tibbon, Judah ben Saul: Jewish physician and translator of Jewish Arabic-language works into Hebrew; he was also the progenitor of several generations of important translators.
ibn Tibbon, Moses ben Samuel: Jewish physician like his father, Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon, and his paternal grandfather, Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon, and an important translator of Arabic-language works into Hebrew. His translations ...
ibn Tibbon, Samuel ben Judah: Jewish translator and physician whose most significant achievement was an accurate and faithful rendition from the Arabic into Hebrew of Maimonides' classic Dalalat al-ha'irin (Hebrew More nevukhim; English The Guide ...
Ibn Tufayl: in full Muhammad Ibn 'abd Al-malik Ibn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Tufayl Al-qaysi, also called Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn 'abd Al-malik Ibn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Tufayl Al-qaysi Moorish philosopher ...
Ibn Tumart: Berber spiritual and military leader who founded the al-Muwahhidun confederation in North Africa (see Almohads). The doctrine he taught combined a strict conception of the unity of God with a ...
Ibn Wahshiyah: Middle Eastern agriculturist and toxicologist alleged to have written al-Fillahah an-Nabatiyah ("Nabatean Agriculture"), a major treatise dealing with plants, water sources and quality, weather conditions, the causes of deforestation, soils ...
Ibn Zuhr: one of medieval Islam's foremost thinkers and the greatest medical clinician of the western caliphate.
ibogaine: hallucinogenic drug and the principal iboga alkaloid, found in the stems, leaves, and especially in the roots of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. Ibogaine was isolated from the plant in ...
Ibrahim: Ottoman sultan whose unstable character made him prey to the ambitions of his ministers and relatives and to his own self-indulgence; as a consequence, the Ottoman state was weakened by ...
Ibrahim al-Haqilani: Latinized form Abraham Ecchellensis Maronite Catholic scholar noted for his Arabic translation of books of the Bible.
Ibrahim Lodi: last Afghan sultan of Delhi of the Lodi dynasty, a suspicious tyrant who increasingly alienated his nobles during his reign.
Ibrahim Muteferrika: Ottoman diplomat known for his contributions to the 18th-century reform movement in the Ottoman Empire; he sponsored the introduction of printing into the Turkish domains.
Ibrahim Pasa: Ottoman grand vizier (1523-36) who played a decisive role in diplomatic and military events during the reign of Sultan Suleyman I (1520-66).
Ibrahim Pasha: viceroy (vali) of Egypt under Ottoman rule and a general of outstanding ability.
Ibsen, Henrik: major Norwegian playwright of the late 19th century who introduced to the European stage a new order of moral analysis that was placed against a severely realistic middle-class background and ...
ibuprofen: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of minor pain, fever, and inflammation. Like aspirin, ibuprofen works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, body chemicals that sensitize nerve endings. The ...
Ibuse Masuji: Japanese novelist noted for sharp but sympathetic short portraits of the foibles of ordinary people.
Ibycus: lyric poet from the Greek colony of Rhegium in Italy, one of the nine lyric poets recognized by later Greek criticism.
Ica: city, capital of Ica departamento, southern Peru. It is located about 30 miles (48 km) from the Pacific Ocean and 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Lima in the extremely ...
Ica: departamento (formed 1866) of southern Peru, composed of the western slope of the Andes, the arid Pacific coast, the northern end of the coastal range, and the Chincha Islands. Ica ...
Icacinaceae: family of tropical trees, shrubs, and woody climbers, belonging to the order Celastrales, comprising more than 55 genera. The alternate leaves usually are leathery and simple in outline; the flowers ...
Icarus: asteroid that has a more eccentric orbit and also approaches nearer the Sun (within 30 million km [19 million miles]) than does any other known body in the solar system ...
Icarus: in Greek mythology, son of the inventor Daedalus who perished by flying too near the Sun with waxen wings. See Daedalus.
Icaza, Jorge: Ecuadorean novelist and playwright whose brutally realistic portrayals of the exploitation of his country's Indians brought him international recognition as a spokesman for the oppressed.
ice: solid substance produced by the freezing of water vapour or liquid water. At temperatures below 0° C (32° F), water vapour develops into frost at ground level and snowflakes (each ...
ice age: any geologic period during which thick ice sheets cover vast areas of land. Such periods of large-scale glaciation may last several million years and drastically reshape surface features of entire ...
ice bug: any insect of the small order Grylloblattodea (about 15 species). This rare and primitive insect is found in the mountains of Japan, western North America, and eastern Siberia. A pale, ...
ice cave: cavity in ice or an underground cave that has permanent ice deposits. The two types of ice cave are wholly unrelated.
ice cream: frozen dairy food made from cream or butterfat, milk, sugar, and flavourings. Frozen custard and French-type ice creams also contain eggs. Hundreds of flavours have been devised, the most popular ...
ice formation: any mass of ice that occurs on the Earth's continents or surface waters. Such masses form wherever substantial amounts of liquid water freeze and remain in the solid state for ...
ice hockey: game between two teams, each usually having six players, who wear skates and compete on an ice rink. The object is to propel a vulcanized rubber disk, the puck, past ...
ice in lakes and rivers: a sheet or stretch of ice forming on the surface of lakes and rivers when the temperature drops below freezing (0° C [32° F]). The nature of the ice formations ...
ice plant: (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), low-growing annual plant, of the carpetweed family (Aizoaceae) and one of about 75 species commonly called fig-marigolds, constituting the genus Mesembryanthemum. Most are fleshy-leaved desert herbs native to ...
ice shelf: thick mass of floating ice that is attached to land, formed from and fed by tongues of glaciers extending outward from the land into sheltered waters. Where there are no ...
ice skating: the recreation and sport of gliding across an ice surface on blades fixed to the bottoms of shoes (skates). The activity of ice skating has given rise to two distinctive ...
iceberg: floating mass of freshwater ice that has broken from the seaward end of a glacier or a polar ice sheet. Icebergs are typically found in open seas, especially around Greenland ...
iceboating: a winter sport of sailing and racing on ice in modified boats. An iceboat is basically a sailboat that travels on thin blades, or runners, on the surface of the ...
icefish: any of several different fishes, among them certain members of the family Channichthyidae, or Chaenichthyidae (order Perciformes), sometimes called crocodile icefish because of the shape of the snout. They are ...
Iceland: island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Iceland moss: (Cetraria islandica), a fruticose (branched, bushy) lichen with an upright thallus usually attached in one place. It varies in colour from deep brown to grayish white and may grow to ...
Iceland spar: a transparent calcite used for polariscope prisms. See calcite.
Icelanders' sagas: the class of heroic prose narratives written 1200-20 about the great families who lived in Iceland from 930 to 1030. Among the most important such works are the Njals saga ...
Icelandic language: national language of Iceland. It belongs (with Norwegian and Faeroese) to the West Scandinavian group of North Germanic languages and developed from the Norse speech brought by settlers from western ...
Icelandic literature: body of writings in Icelandic, including those from Old Icelandic (also called Old Norse) through Modern Icelandic. It is best known for the richness of its classical period, which is ...
Icelandic low: large atmospheric low-pressure centre that forms between Iceland and southern Greenland. It causes many of the strong winter winds over the North Atlantic Ocean. In winter, the ocean is considerably ...
Iceman: the oldest mummified human body ever found intact. It was found by a German tourist, Helmut Simon, on the Similaun Glacier in the Tirolean Otztal Alps, on the Italian-Austrian border, ...
Iceni: in ancient Britain, a tribe that occupied the territory of modern Norfolk and Suffolk and, under its queen Boudicca (Boadicea), revolted against Roman rule.
Ichihara: city, Chiba ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies on the east coast of Tokyo Bay. The city was formed by the amalgamation of the towns of Ichihara, Goi, Sanwa, Shizu, ...
Ichikawa: city, Chiba ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Edo River east of Tokyo. The city is composed of the three towns of Ichikawa, Yawata, and Nakayama, which were ...
Ichikawa Family: kabuki actors flourishing in Edo (modern Tokyo) from the 17th century to the present. The most famous names are Danjuro, Ebizo, Danzo, and Ebijuro, and, according to kabuki convention, these ...
Ichikawa Kon: Japanese motion-picture director who introduced sophisticated Western-style comedy to Japan in the 1950s. Later he became concerned with more serious subjects such as antiwar sentiment and modern man's search for ...
Ichinomiya: city, Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It developed in the 7th century around the principal Shinto temple of the locality, the Masumida Shrine. During the Tokugawa period (1603-1867) it ...
ichneumon: small carnivorous mammal, a species of mongoose (q.v.).
ichneumon: any member of the family Ichneumonidae (order Hymenoptera), a large and widely distributed insect group of considerable economic importance. The name sometimes refers to any member of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, ...
ichthyology: scientific study of fishes, including, as is usual with a science that is concerned with a large group of organisms, a number of specialized subdisciplines: e.g., taxonomy, anatomy (or morphology), ...
Ichthyornis: extinct seabirds of the Late Cretaceous Period (99 million to 65 million years ago) found as fossils in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Kansas, and Texas. Ichthyornis ...
ichthyosaur: any member of an extinct group of aquatic reptiles, most of which were very similar to porpoises in appearance and habits. These distant relatives of lizards and snakes (lepidosaurs) were ...
ichthyosis: a hereditary condition involving dryness and scaliness of the skin brought about by excessive growth of the horny outermost covering of the skin. The dead cells of this horny layer ...
Ichthyostega: genus of extinct animals, closely related to tetrapods (four-legged land vertebrates) and found as fossils in rocks in eastern Greenland from the late Devonian Period (about 370 million years ago). ...
icicle fish: (Salanx), any of several semitransparent fishes, family Salangidae, found in freshwaters and salt waters of eastern Asia and considered a delicacy by the Chinese. The numerous species are slender and ...
Ickes, Harold L: U.S. social activist who became a prominent member of the New Deal Democratic administration of Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Icknield Way: famous prehistoric trackway across England from Norfolk to Wiltshire, following dry ground along the East Anglian ridge, the Chiltern Hills, and the Berkshire Downs. In Wiltshire are the great foci ...
icon: in literature, a description of a person or thing, usually using a figure of speech. To semioticians, icons are signs, verbal or otherwise, with extra-systemic resemblances to the persons or ...
icon: in Eastern Christian tradition, a representation of sacred personages or events in mural painting, mosaic, or wood. After the iconoclastic controversy of the 8th-9th century, which disputed the religious function ...
Iconoclastic Controversy: a dispute over the use of religious images (icons) in the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries. The Iconoclasts (those who rejected images) objected to icon worship for ...
iconography: the science of identification, description, classification, and interpretation of symbols, themes, and subject matter in the visual arts. The term can also refer to the artist's use of this imagery ...
iconostasis: in Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine tradition, a solid screen of stone, wood, or metal, usually separating the sanctuary from the nave. The iconostasis had originally been some sort of ...
ictalurid: any fish of the family Ictaluridae, which includes about 35 species of North and Central American freshwater catfishes. Ictalurids are "typical" catfishes, with large, wide heads, tapering, scaleless bodies, and ...
Icteridae: songbird family, order Passeriformes, consisting of 88 species of great diversity in size, habits, and diet, found throughout the Americas.
Ictinus: Greek architect, one of the most celebrated of Athens, known for his work on the Parthenon on the Acropolis, the Temple of the Mysteries at Eleusis, and the Temple of ...
id: in Freudian psychoanalytic theory, one of the three agencies of the human personality, along with the ego and superego (qq.v.). The oldest of these psychic realms in development, it contains ...
Id al-Adha: the second of two great Muslim festivals, the other being 'Id al-Fitr. 'Id al-Adha marks the culmination of the hajj (pilgrimage) rites at Mina, Saudi Arabia, near Mecca, but is ...