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individual method: (from the article "insurance") Two basic rate-making systems are in use: the manual, or class-rating, method and the individual, or merit-rating, method. Sometimes a combination of the two methods is used.
individual psychology: body of theories of the Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler, who held that the main motives of human thought and behaviour are individual man's striving for superiority and power, partly in ... [1 Related Articles]
Individual Section machine: (from the article "industrial glass") Narrow-mouth containers such as bottles are usually formed by the Individual Section (IS) machine. In this machine a stream of molten glass is pushed out of an orifice at the ...
Individual Song of Thanksgiving: (from the article "biblical literature") The final major type is the Individual Song of Thanksgiving, which presumably had its setting in the thanksgiving sacrifice offered after a saving experience. These psalms begin and conclude with ...
individual variable: (from the article "logic, philosophy of") ...the so-called quantifiers "("x)" (which may be read: "For at least one individual, call it x, it is true that") and "($x)" ("For each individual, call it x, it is ...
individual, the: (from the article "automation") Nearly all industrial installations of automation, and in particular robotics, involve a replacement of human labour by an automated system. Therefore, one of the direct effects of automation in factory ...
individualism: political and social philosophy that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. Although the concept of an individual may seem straightforward, there are many ways of understanding it, both in ... [18 Related Articles]
individualist school: (from the article "ballad") ...although none of the extant ballads had been communally composed, the prototypical ballads that determined the style of the ballads had originated in this communal fashion. Their opponents were the ...
Individualists: (from the article "arts, East Asian") Receiving no patronage from the Manchu court and leaving only a minor following before the latter half of the 19th century was a different group of artists, now frequently referred ...
individually quick-frozen method: (from the article "vegetable processing") ...some frozen vegetables, such as green peas and sweet corn, may be superior in flavour to fresh produce. The high quality of frozen foods is mainly due to the development ...
individuation: (from the article "logic, philosophy of") Not all interesting interpretational problems are solved by possible-world semantics, as the developments earlier registered are sometimes called. The systematic use of the idea of possible worlds has raised, however, ...
individuation: (from the article "Jung, Carl") ...had lost their religious belief; Jung found that if they could discover their own myth as expressed in dream and imagination they would become more complete personalities. He called this ...
indivisibles, method of: (from the article "Cavalieri, Bonaventura") By 1629, when he was appointed professor of mathematics of the University of Bologna, Cavalieri had completely developed his method of indivisibles, a means of determining the size of geometric ...
indlu: (from the article "African architecture") ...of poles inserted into the ground and brought together in a crest, either as a continuous curve (early Xhosa) or to a point (Sotho). These structures are expertly thatched, the ...
Indo-Aryan languages: subgroup of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. [7 Related Articles]
Indo-Brazil: (from the article "Brahman") ...in India and crossbred in the United States with improved beef breeds, producing the hardy beef animal known as the American Brahman. Similar blending in Latin America resulted in the ...
Indo-Chinese tiger: (from the article "tiger") The Bengal, Indo-Chinese (P. tigris corbetti), and Sumatran (P. tigris sumatrae) tigers are bright reddish tan, beautifully marked with dark, almost black, vertical stripes. The underparts, the inner sides of ...
Indo-Esfahan carpet: type of floor covering ranging from small to extremely large, handmade in India, primarily in the 17th century, as free imitations of Herat designs. They appear to have been exported ...
Indo-European: (from the article "Himalayas") Of the three principal ethnic groups in the Indian subcontinent-Indo-Europeans, Tibeto-Burmans, and Dravidians-the first two are well represented in the Himalayas, although they are mixed in varying proportions in different ...
Indo-European languages: family of languages spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement and in much of Southwest and South Asia. The term Indo-Hittite is used by scholars who believe ... [15 Related Articles]
Indo-Gangetic Plain: extensive north-central section of the Indian subcontinent, stretching westward from (and including) the Brahmaputra River valley and the Ganges Delta to the Indus River valley. The region contains the subcontinent's ... [16 Related Articles]
Indo-Greek kingdom: (from the article "Bactria") ...defeated their successor, the usurper Euthydemus, but continued to recognize his independence. Euthydemus's successors advanced into the Hindu Kush and northwestern India, where they established the Indo-Greek branch of the ...
Indo-Hittite languages: hypothetical family of languages composed of the Indo-European and Anatolian languages. The term Indo-Hittite was proposed by scholars who believed that Hittite and the other closely related Anatolian languages represent ... [2 Related Articles]
Indo-Iranian languages: group of languages constituting the easternmost major branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Indo-Aryan (Indic) languages are spoken by some 800 million persons in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, ... [4 Related Articles]
Indo-Pakistani War: (from the article "international relations") ...his quarrel with Pakistan, but the negotiations failed to overcome Hindu-Muslim antipathy and the fact that the conflict was a unifying element in the domestic politics of both countries. Pakistani ...
Indoafrican subkingdom: (from the article "biogeographic region") In the Indoafrican subkingdom (Figure 1), curiously little distinction is to be made between the flora of Africa (south of the Sahara) and the Indian subcontinent, Myanmar (Burma), and southern ...
Indochina: the three states of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia formerly associated with France, first within its empire and later within the French Union. The term Indochina refers to the intermingling of ... [11 Related Articles]
Indochina wars: 20th-century conflicts in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, with the principal involvement of France (1946-54) and later the United States (beginning in the 1950s). The wars are often called the French ...
Indochinese Communist Party: (from the article "Truong Chinh") ...expelled from the local high school, he continued his education in Hanoi, where he received his degree and supported himself as a teacher while pursuing a political career within the ...
Indochinese Union: (from the article "Vietnam") ...by the French) and central Vietnam (named Annam, based on an early Chinese name for the region) into French protectorates. Ten years later the French annexed Laos and added it ...
indoctrination: (from the article "education, philosophy of") A much-debated question is whether and how education differs from indoctrination. Many theorists have assumed that the two are distinct and that indoctrination is undesirable, but others have argued that ...
indole: a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making ... [2 Related Articles]
indole alkaloid: (from the article "heterocyclic compound") Probably the best-known indole-containing compounds are the indole alkaloids, which have been isolated from plants representing more than 30 families. The mushroom hallucinogens psilocin and psilocybin, the ergot fungus alkaloids, ...
indoleacetic acid: (from the article "heterocyclic compound") ...(see below Six-membered rings with one heteroatom). Skatole, a degradation product of tryptophan that retains the indole unit, contributes much of the strong odour of mammalian feces. Indole-3-acetic acid (heteroauxin or ...
Indomitable Lions: (from the article "football (soccer)") ...African players fall out of favour with European clubs. Even so, the integration of Africa and Africans into world football accelerated in the 1980s and '90s. Cameroon's national team, known ...
Indonesia: country located off the coast of mainland Southeast Asia in the Indian and Pacific oceans. It is an archipelago that lies across the Equator and spans a distance equivalent to ... [76 Related Articles]
Indonesia Botanical Gardens: tropical garden in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. It is renowned for its research on regional flora.
Indonesia, flag of: horizontally divided red-white national flag. Its width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.
Indonesia, history of: (from the article "Indonesia") Historyinternational relationsAustraliaAustraliaInternational affairs...affairs between 1951 and 1960 was Richard Gardiner Casey.
Indonesian: (from the article "Chamorro") the native people of Guam. Numbering about 50,600 in the late 20th century, they are of Indonesian stock with a considerable admixture of Spanish, Filipino (based on Tagalog), and other ...
Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency: (from the article "Indonesia") In 1998 the government established the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) to extricate the financial sector from its monumental debt. IBRA accomplished this task largely through the closure and consolidation ...
Indonesian Communist Party: (from the article "Indonesia") ...Insulinde, a poetic name for the East Indies. In 1914 the Dutchman Hendricus Sneevliet founded the Indies Social Democratic Association, which became a communist party in 1920 and adopted the ...
Indonesian Democratic Party: (from the article "Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle") ...to limit the power of opposition groups and the number of recognized political entities to three: Golkar, a pro-government group that controlled state institutions, and two opposition parties, the Indonesian ...
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle: Indonesian political party formed in 1973 through the forced merger of five non-Islamic political parties. In the final three decades of the 20th century, it was one of two opposition ... [4 Related Articles]
Indonesian language: (from the article "Malay language") Of the various dialects of Malay, the most important is that of the southern Malay Peninsula, the basis of standard Malay and of the official language of the Republic of ...
Indonesian languages: broadly, the Austronesian languages of island Southeast Asia as a whole, including the languages of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Taiwan, and the outlying areas of Madagascar and of ... [3 Related Articles]
Indonesian literatures: the poetry and prose writings in Javanese, Malay, Sundanese, and other languages of the peoples of Indonesia. They include works orally transmitted and then preserved in written form by the ... [1 Related Articles]
Indonesian music: (from the article "microtonal music") ...South Asian music theory posits a scale of 22 unequal intervals to the octave; although, in practice, a chromatic scale of 100-cent intervals is used, ornaments use intervals of smaller ...
Indonesian National Museum: (from the article "Indonesia") Although the arts of Indonesia are not-and likely cannot be-documented and preserved exhaustively, a number of museums house notable collections. The Indonesian National Museum in Jakarta not only possesses collections ...
Indonesian Nationalist Party: (from the article "Indonesia") The new nationalism required a new organization for its expression, and in July 1927 the Indonesian Nationalist Association, later the Indonesian Nationalist Party (Partai Nasional Indonesia; PNI), was formed under ...
Indonesian Peasants' Party: (from the article "Suriname") ...Volkspartij; PSV) organized the working-class Creoles. The East Indians and Indonesians were eventually grouped within the United Hindu Party (VHP; later called the Progressive Reform Party) and the Indonesian Peasants' ...
Indonesian Republic Party: (from the article "Tan Malaka, Ibrahim Datuk") ...He opposed as premature a Communist-backed rebellion in 1926 and was blamed by its proponents for the uprising's failure. The next year, however, he organized a group in Bangkok called ...
indoor bowls: (from the article "bowls") ...The game is usually played between two competitors, each having two bowls. Both the bowls and the jack are biased, and play may be in any direction over the green. ...
indoor polo: (from the article "polo") The indoor game was introduced in the United States and is played predominantly there, thus allowing polo in winter. The field is 100 yards long and 50 yards wide, with ...
Indore: city, western Madhya Pradesh state, central India. The city is a major trunk road and rail junction and is located on the Saraswati and Khan streams, which are tributaries of ... [1 Related Articles]
indostomid: (from the article "gasterosteiform") ...the body or ganoid (i.e., thick, bony, enamelled, and diamond-shaped) plates rather than scales. Families within the order are Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks), Aulorhynchidae (tube snout), Indostomidae (indostomid), Aulostomidae (trumpet fishes), Fistulariidae ...
Indra: in Hindu mythology, the king of the gods. He is one of the main gods of the archaic Sanskrit collection of hymns, the Rigveda, and is the ... [8 Related Articles]
Indra III: (from the article "Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty") ...the Pratiharas was apparently weakened by dynastic strife. It was further diminished as a result of a great raid from the Deccan, led by the Rastrakuta king Indra III, who ...
Indra Jatra: (from the article "Kathmandu") ...include, in spring, the Shivaratri and the Machendra Jatra with its procession bearing the image of the god Machendra; in late summer, the Gai Jatra (festival of the cow); and, ...
Indrani: Indian-born dancer who performed and taught a number of the classical dances of India; she was the first professional to perform the ancient odissi,a dance that began ...
Indrani: (from the article "Saptamatrka") ...or female counterpart, of a god. They are Brahmani, Mahesvari, Kaumari, Vaisnavi, Varahi, Indrani, and Camunda, or Yami. (One text, the Varaha-Purana, states that they number eight, including...
Indraprastha: (from the article "Delhi") The earliest reference to a settlement at Delhi is found in the epic Mahabharata (a narrative about the descendants of the prince Bharata), which mentions a city ...
Indrapura: (from the article "Jayavarman II") ...the Javanese and asserted Khmer independence in 802, when he also was installed under Hindu rites as devaraja (q.v.), or god-king. He established a series of capitals, first at Indrapura, ...
Indravarman I: ruler of the Khmer kingdom of Angkor (Cambodia) from 877 to about 890. [3 Related Articles]
Indre: (from the article "Centre") region of France encompassing the central departements of Cher, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher, Loiret, and Eure-et-Loir. Centre is bounded by the regions ...
Indre River: river, west-central France, a left-bank tributary of the Loire River. Rising on the northern flanks of the Massif Central, it flows 165 miles (265 km) northwestward through Indre and Indre-et-Loire ... [1 Related Articles]
Indre-et-Loire: (from the article "Centre") region of France encompassing the central departements of Cher, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher, Loiret, and Eure-et-Loir. Centre is bounded by the regions ...
Indrebo, R.: (from the article "biblical literature") ...intelligible to Danish readers, but the version of E. Blix (New Testament, 1889; complete Bible, 1921) is in New Norwegian. A revised Bible in this standardized form of the language, ...
indri: slender, long-limbed primate found in the forests of Madagascar. The largest of the lemurs, it is 60-70 cm (24-28 inches) long, with a rudimentary tail and large hands and feet. ...
Indricotherium: genus of giant browsing perissodactyls found as fossils in Asian deposits of the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene epochs (30 to 16.6 million years ago). The indricotherium, which was related ... [1 Related Articles]
Indridae: (from the article "Indridae") family of arboreal Madagascan primates. See avahi; indri; sifaka.diademed sifakaDiademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema).Tom Junek
indriya: (Sanskrit: "faculty"), according to Indian philosophy, the instruments of a person's direct perception of the outside world. They are of two kinds, motoric and sensory. The motoric faculties are those ...
Induan Stage: lowermost of two divisions of the Lower Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Induan time (from 251 million to 249.7 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The ...
induced absorption: (from the article "spectroscopy") ...can result in the emission of additional radiation of frequency nu as the molecule undergoes a transition to state E_lo. These two phenomena are referred to as induced absorption and ...
induced dipole: (from the article "chemical bonding") ...neighbouring molecule, which then interacts with the original transient dipole. Although the latter continuously flickers from one direction to another (with an average of zero dipole overall), the induced dipole ...
induced drag: (from the article "airplane") Induced drag is caused by that element of the air deflected downward which is not vertical to the flight path but is tilted slightly rearward from it. As the angle ...
induced magnetization: (from the article "geomagnetic field") Crustal magnetization is of two types: induced and remanant. Induced magnetization occurs when the elementary magnetic dipoles of crustal materials are aligned by the Earth's main field, just as a ...
induced ovulation: (from the article "animal behaviour") Behaviour may stimulate hormone production. Female cats, rabbits, and some other mammals are "induced ovulators." In other words, copulation stimulates the hypothalamus via the nervous system, and the pituitary gland ...
induced pluripotent stem cell: (from the article "stem cell") Due to the ethical and moral issues surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells, scientists have searched for ways to reprogram adult somatic cells. Studies of cell fusion, in which ...
induced-fit theory: (from the article "allosteric control") ...the enzyme and its substrate (the compound upon which it acts to form a product). As a result, the ability of the enzyme to catalyze a reaction is modified. This ...
induced-polarization method: (from the article "Earth exploration") ...in a charge buildup at the interface. This charge builds up shortly after current flow begins, and it takes a short time to decay after the current circuit is broken. ...
inducer: (from the article "metabolism") ...a constituent, the manner in which the alterations are elicited may be distinguished. Thus, an increase in the rates at which enzymes of catabolic routes are synthesized results from the ...
inducible enzyme: (from the article "induction") in enzymology, a metabolic control mechanism with the effect of increasing the rate of synthesis of an enzyme. In induction, synthesis of a specific enzyme, called an inducible enzyme (e.g., ...
Inducing Infringement of Copyrights Act: (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") The U.S. Congress considered aiding the music industry in its fight against file-sharing networks. The Senate introduced a bill, called the Inducing Infringement of Copyrights Act, that would make a ...
inductance: property of a conductor (often in the shape of a coil) that is measured by the size of the electromotive force, or voltage, induced in it, compared with the rate ... [2 Related Articles]
induction: in embryology, process by which the presence of one tissue influences the development of others. Certain tissues, especially in very young embryos, apparently have the potential to direct the differentiation ... [3 Related Articles]
induction: in enzymology, a metabolic control mechanism with the effect of increasing the rate of synthesis of an enzyme. In induction, synthesis of a specific enzyme, called an inducible enzyme (e.g., ...
induction: in logic, method of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal. As it applies to logic in systems of ... [16 Related Articles]
induction coil: (from the article "transformer") Transformers change voltage through electromagnetic induction; i.e., as the magnetic lines of force (flux lines) build up and collapse with the changes in current passing through the primary coil, current ...
induction drive: (from the article "watch") ...of three drive systems: (1) the galvanometer drive, consisting of the conventional balance-hairspring oscillator, kept in motion by the magnetic interaction of a coil and a permanent magnet, (2) the ...
induction force: (from the article "liquid") In addition to the forces listed above, there are so-called induction forces set up when a charged or polar molecule induces a dipole in another molecule: the electric field of ...
induction furnace: (from the article "electric furnace") In the induction furnace, a coil carrying alternating electric current surrounds the container or chamber of metal. Eddy currents are induced in the metal (charge), the circulation of these currents ...
induction generator: (from the article "electric generator") An induction machine can operate as a generator if it is connected to an electric supply network operating at a substantially constant voltage and frequency. If torque is applied to ...
induction hardening: (from the article "induction heating") ...and therefore the distribution of heat within the object, depends on the frequency of the primary alternating current and the magnetic permeability, as well as the resistivity, of the material. ...
induction heating: method of raising the temperature of an electrically conductive material by subjecting it to an alternating electromagnetic field. The electric currents induced in the object (although it is electrically isolated ... [3 Related Articles]
induction motor: (from the article "electric motor") The simplest type of induction motor is shown in cross section in the figure. A three-phase set of stator windings is inserted in slots in the stator iron. These windings ...
induction regulator: (from the article "voltage regulator") ...systems the regulators are either in the substations or on the feeder lines themselves. Two types of regulators are used: step regulators, in which switches regulate the current supply, and ...
induction ring: (from the article "Faraday, Michael") ...something he was convinced happened in a current-carrying wire. He was even more impressed by the fact that such patterns could be induced in one plate by bowing another nearby. ...
induction system: (from the article "air-conditioning") ...takes many circumstances into consideration. A self-contained unit, described above, serves a space directly. More complex systems, as in tall buildings, use ducts to deliver cooled air. In the induction ...
induction, problem of: problem of justifying the inductive inference from the observed to the unobserved. It was given its classic formulation by the Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711-76), who noted that all such ...
induction-type meter: (from the article "watt-hour meter") Mercury-type and commutator-type watt-hour meters measure power in direct-current circuits. Induction-type meters measure power in alternating-current circuits and are the type commonly seen on the outside of houses. Specialized watt-hour ...