| | - Independent Television
- in the United Kingdom, television network consisting of a consortium of private companies in competition with the British Broadcasting Corporation. It is regulated by the Office of Communications. The ITV ... [1 Related Articles]
- Independent Television Commission
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...Act of 1990 substantially reorganized independent broadcasting. It reassigned the regulatory duties of the Independent Broadcasting Authority and Cable Authority to two newly formed bodies, the Independent Television Commission (ITC) ...
- Independent Television News
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...advertising; these tasks were performed by commercial program companies. These latter, organized on a regional basis, supplied all the material broadcast except for news, for which a separate group, Independent ...
- Independent Theatre Club
- (from the article "English literature") ...playwright Henrik Ibsen was helping to produce a new genre of serious "problem plays," such as Pinero's The Second Mrs. Tanqueray (1893). J.T. Grein founded the Independent ...
- independent variable
- (from the article "mathematics") ...Lie. Lie, and independently Wilhelm Killing in Germany, came to suspect that the systems of partial differential operators they were studying came in a limited variety of types. Once the ...
- independent-particle model
- (from the article "nuclear model") Nuclear models can be classified into two main groups. In those of the first group, called independent-particle models, the main assumption is that little or no interaction occurs between the ...
- independent-suspension system
- (from the article "automobile") Articulated rear axles offer individual wheel suspension at the rear as well as the front. Individual rear suspension not only eliminates the heavy rear axle housing but also permits lowered ...
- indeterminacy
- in literature, the multiplicity of possible interpretations of given textual elements. The term was given its literary meaning by deconstruction theorists. Indeterminacy is similar to ambiguity as described by the ...
- indeterminate dyad
- (from the article "Speusippus") ...Plato inaccurately, Speusippus adopted the Platonic doctrine asserting the timeless derivation of all reality from two opposite principles, often called "the One" and "the indeterminate dyad," terms meant to explain ...
- indeterminate growth
- (from the article "mammal") Continuous growth of hair (indeterminate), as seen on the heads of humans, is rare among mammals. Hairs with determinate growth are subject to wear and must be replaced periodically-a process ...
- indeterminate inflorescence
- (from the article "inflorescence") In indeterminate inflorescences, the youngest flowers are at the top of an elongated axis or on the centre of a truncated axis. An indeterminate inflorescence may be a raceme, panicle, ...
- indeterminate sentence
- in law, term of imprisonment with no definite duration within a prescribed maximum. Eligibility for parole is determined by the parole authority. In this respect, an indeterminate sentence differs from ... [2 Related Articles]
- indeterminism
- (from the article "determinism") Indeterminism, on the other hand, though not denying the influence of behavioral patterns and certain extrinsic forces on human actions, insists on the reality of free choice. Exponents of determinism ...
- index
- (from the article "Poole, William Frederick") American bibliographer and library administrator whose indexing of periodicals became authoritative.encyclopaediasencyclopaediaIndexesUndoubtedly the major adjunct of the modern encyclopaedia is its ...
- index
- (from the article "stochastic process") ...example, in radioactive decay every atom is subject to a fixed probability of breaking down in any given time interval. More generally, a stochastic process refers to a family of ...
- index
- (from the article "semiotics") ...and one of his major contributions to semiotics was the categorization of signs into three main types: (1) an icon, which resembles its referent (such as a road sign for ...
- index fossil
- any animal or plant preserved in the rock record of the Earth that is characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment. A useful index fossil must be ... [9 Related Articles]
- Index Librorum Prohibitorum
- (Latin: "Index of Forbidden Books"), list of books once forbidden by Roman Catholic church authority as dangerous to the faith or morals of Roman Catholics. Publication of the list ceased ... [13 Related Articles]
- indexation
- in fiscal policy, a means of offsetting the effect of inflation or deflation on social security payments and taxes by measuring the "real value" of money from a fixed point ... [1 Related Articles]
- indexed-sequential file
- (from the article "computer science") ...can be either purely indexed, in which case the records need be in no particular order and every individual record must have an index entry that points to the record's ...
- indexing
- (from the article "plant disease") ...be done to restore its health. Control is accomplished by several methods, such as growing resistant species and varieties of plants or obtaining virus-free seed, cuttings, or plants as a ...
- India
- country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. It is a constitutional republic consisting of 28 states, each with a substantial degree of control over its own affairs; 6 ... [264 Related Articles]
- India Act
- (from the article "Government of India Acts") ...entitled Government of India acts. The act of 1773, also known as the Regulating Act, set up a governor-general of Fort William in Bengal with supervisory powers over Madras and ...
- India Bill
- (from the article "India") ...company's privileges ran out, but this was during the crisis of the American Revolution, so a decision was delayed until 1784. Charles James Fox's radical measure to transfer the control ...
- India ink
- black pigment in the form of sticks that are moistened before use in drawing and lettering, or the fluid ink consisting of this pigment finely suspended in a liquid medium, ... [3 Related Articles]
- India padauk
- (from the article "narra") any of several timber trees of the genus Pterocarpus of the pea family (Fabaceae or Leguminosae). The name refers especially to P. indicus, or India padauk, or the hard wood, ...
- India rubber plant
- (species Ficus elastica), large tree in its native Southeast Asia and in other warm areas but a common indoor pot plant elsewhere. It has large, thick, oblong leaves, up to ... [2 Related Articles]
- India, flag of
- horizontally striped orange-white-green national flag with a 24-spoked blue chakra(wheel) in the centre. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.
- India, history of
- (from the article "India") The Indian subcontinent, the great landmass of South Asia, is the home of one of the world's oldest and most influential civilizations. In this article, the subcontinent, which for historical ...
- India, House of
- 15th-century Portuguese establishment that managed the trade in products from overseas colonies. It was called House of Guinea because it began by processing products from Guinea. Originally housed in a ...
- India, Survey of
- (from the article "Himalayas") ...emperor Akbar. In 1733 a French geographer, Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Arville, compiled the first map of Tibet and the Himalayan range based on systematic exploration. In the mid-19th century the Survey ...
- Indian
- (from the article "Pacific Islands") ...India to work the sugar plantations from 1879 under an indenture system that lasted until 1920. The government then turned its attention to matters concerning the education and health of ...
- Indian Act
- (from the article "Canada") In Canada the word Indian has a legal definition given in the Indian Act of 1876. People legally defined as Indians are known as status Indians. Indians who have chosen ...
- Indian Adoption Project
- (from the article "Native American") ...institutionalized at residential schools and other facilities. This changed in the late 1950s, when the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs joined with the Child Welfare League of America in launching ...
- Indian Affairs, Bureau of
- (from the article "Alaska") The U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) assists Alaska's natives in achieving economic and social self-sufficiency. Despite a number of helpful programs, many of Alaska's natives suffer from unemployment, low ...
- Indian Airlines
- the domestic and regional airline of India, founded in 1953. Whereas the airline Air-India provides a broader international service, Indian Airlines serves the Indian subcontinent-India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar ... [2 Related Articles]
- Indian almond
- (from the article "Terminalia") ...America; T. obovata, of the West Indies and South America; and T. superba, of West Africa yield woods used for cabinetwork, tools, and boat construction. T. catappa, the Indian, or ...
- Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Department of
- (from the article "Northwest Territories") ...magistrate, and several justices of the peace. Law enforcement is carried out by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The federal government administers the territories' natural resources through the Department of ...
- Indian Appropriation Act
- (from the article "Native American") ...annual payments (annuities) comprising cash, livestock, supplies, and services. A second major treaty convention occurred at Fort Laramie in 1868, but treaty making ceased with the passage of the Indian ...
- Indian Archaeological Survey
- (from the article "Marshall, Sir John Hubert") English director general of the Indian Archaeological Survey (1902-31) who in the 1920s was responsible for the large-scale excavations that revealed Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, the two largest cities of the ...
- Indian architecture
- (from the article "India") Architecture is perhaps India's greatest glory. Among the most renowned monuments are many cave temples hewn from rock (of which those at Ajanta and Ellora are most noteworthy); the Sun ...
- Indian Arts and Crafts Board
- (from the article "Native American art") Another surge of interest came with the enactment of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, by means of which the Indian Arts and Crafts Board came into existence. Sparked by ...
- Indian Association
- nationalist political group in India that favoured local self-government and served as a preparatory agent for the more truly national Indian National Congress. The association was founded in Bengal in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Indian Battle Park
- (from the article "Lethbridge") A replica of Fort Whoop-Up (1860), once notorious for its whisky trade with the Indians, stands in Indian Battle Park; on the banks of the Oldman River, the park marks ...
- Indian Botanic Garden
- botanical garden in Calcutta, famous for its enormous collections of orchids, bamboos, palms, and plants of the screw pine genus (Pandanus). The garden covers more than 109 hectares (270 acres), ... [1 Related Articles]
- Indian Child Welfare Act
- (from the article "adoption") ...that it was much better for children than life in an orphanage or in foster care. In the late 20th century the issue continued to be addressed in court rulings ...
- Indian Civil Service
- (from the article "British Empire") ...part of colonies and other dependencies whose predominant indigenous populations had no such experience. For them a variety of administrative techniques was tried, ranging from the sophisticated Indian Civil Service, ...
- Indian Claims Commission
- (from the article "Native American") ...was cited by the Hualapai against the Santa Fe Railway, which in 1944 was required to relinquish about 500,000 acres (200,000 hectares) it thought it had been granted by the ...
- Indian Commissioners, Board of
- (from the article "United States") ...adoption of programs designed to prepare the Indians for ultimate assimilation into American society. In 1869 the reformers persuaded President Grant and Congress to establish a nonpolitical Board of Indian ...
- Indian Councils Act
- (from the article "India") From 1858 to 1909 the government of India was an increasingly centralized paternal despotism and the world's largest imperial bureaucracy. The Indian Councils Act of 1861 transformed the viceroy's Executive ...
- Indian Councils Act
- (from the article "India") ...barometer and the beginnings of an advisory "safety valve" that provided the viceroy with early crisis warnings at the minimum possible risk of parliamentary-type opposition. The act of 1892 further ...
- Indian courser
- (from the article "courser") ...with their short wings. The best-known species is the cream-coloured courser (Cursorius cursor) of Africa, a pale-brown bird with white underparts, bold eye stripes, and black wing tips. The Indian ...
- Indian crane
- (from the article "India") Other notable birds in India include the Indian crane, commonly known as the sarus (Grus antigone); a large gray bird with crimson legs, the sarus stands as ...
- Indian Criminal Procedure Code
- (from the article "crime") Some Islamic countries of English and French colonial heritage adopted the procedure of the colonial countries that ruled them. For example, Pakistan, which originally inherited the Indian Criminal Procedure Code, ...
- Indian cuisine
- (from the article "cuisine") ...and noodle regions. Throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean there is a common thread marking the use of lamb, olive oil, lemons, peppers, and rice. The vegetarianism practiced in much ...
- Indian currant
- (from the article "snowberry") ...with elliptical leaves, and a profusion of berries. The Chinese species, S. sinensis, has bluish black berries. Wolfberry (S. occidentalis), about 1.5 m tall, bears white berries. Indian currant, or ...
- Indian dance
- (from the article "South Asian arts") Dance in India can be organized into three categories: classical, folk, and modern. Classical dance forms are among the best preserved and oldest practiced in the 20th century. The royal ...
- Indian elephant
- (from the article "elephant") The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) weighs about 5,500 kg and has a shoulder height of up to 3.5 metres. The Asian elephant includes three subspecies: the Indian, or mainland (E. ...
- Indian Equatorial Countercurrent
- (from the article "equatorial countercurrent") ...is very strong and is definable year-round. The Atlantic Equatorial Countercurrent is strongest off the coast of Ghana (Africa), where it is known as the Guinea Current. The countercurrent of ...
- Indian Evidence Act
- act passed by the British Parliament in 1872 that set forth the rules of evidence admissible in Indian courts and that had far-reaching consequences for the traditional systems of caste ... [1 Related Articles]
- Indian Famine Code
- (from the article "famine") The British government wrote the first modern codification of responses to famine during its occupation of India. The highly detailed Indian Famine Code of 1883 classified situations of food scarcity ...
- Indian field mouse
- (from the article "mouse") ...mouse, which can produce up to 14 litters per year (1 to 12 offspring per litter), there is little information about the reproductive biology of most species. In the deserts ...
- Indian fig
- (from the article "Opuntia") ...South America. In the Northern Hemisphere it is the most northern-ranging cactus. The most cold-hardy forms are small, some with joints only 2.5-5 cm (1-2 inches) long. In contrast, O. ...
- Indian flapshell turtle
- (from the article "turtle") ...though mostly at low elevations and in waterways. Softshell turtles (family Trionychidae) have their greatest diversity in Asia and occur in most waters, from tiny ponds to large rivers. The ...
- Indian flying fox
- (from the article "bat") ...pubic nipples, which the infant may hold in its mouth when its mother flies. The infants are nourished by milk for a period of about five or six weeks in ...
- Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
- (from the article "Native American") ...was not compelling enough to abrogate tribal sovereignty. Gaming could thus take place on reservations in states that did not expressly forbid gambling or lotteries. The U.S. Congress passed the ...
- Indian gerbil
- (from the article "gerbil") ...burrows of the great gerbil sometimes weaken embankments in western Asia, where it also damages crops. Although these rodents primarily eat seeds, roots, nuts, green plant parts, and insects, the ...
- Indian glassfish
- (from the article "glassfish") The genus Chanda includes most of the glassfishes. Three are familiar to home aquarists: C. ranga (or C. lala), sometimes called Indian glassfish, a popular Asian species 5 cm (2 ...
- Indian goods
- in 17th- and 18th-century Europe, any of a vast variety of furniture, paper hangings, textiles, paintings, and enamels that were being imported from South and East Asia into Europe. The ...
- Indian grass
- (species Sorghastrum nutans), tall perennial forage grass of the family Poaceae and one of the important constituents of the North American tall grass prairie. It bears narrow, greatly branched flower ...
- Indian hemp
- (species Apocynum cannabinum), North American plant of the dogbane family Apocynaceae (order Gentianales). It is a branched perennial that grows up to 1.5 m (5 feet) tall and has smooth ...
- Indian hog deer
- (from the article "artiodactyl") ...after mating. These and the specialized sexual displays seem to be a consequence of this species' tightly clustered territories on the mating grounds. Another pattern occurs in the normally solitary ...
- Indian horse chestnut
- (from the article "horse chestnut") Japanese horse chestnut (A. turbinata) is as tall as the European species but is distinctive for its remarkably large leaves, up to 60 cm (2 feet) across. The Indian horse ...
- Indian Independence Act
- (from the article "India") Britain's Parliament passed in July 1947 the Indian Independence Act, ordering the demarcation of the dominions of India and Pakistan by midnight of Aug. 14-15, 1947, and dividing within a ...
- Indian jujube
- (from the article "jujube") The Indian, or cottony, jujube (Z. mauritiana) differs from the common jujube in having leaves that are woolly beneath instead of smooth. The fruits are smaller and not so sweet.
- Indian kapok
- (from the article "kapok") Indian kapok, floss from the simal cotton tree (Bombax malabarica), native to India, has many of the qualities of the Java type but is more brownish yellow in colour and ...
- Indian King Tavern
- (from the article "Haddonfield") ...Longfellow in his Tales of a Wayside Inn (1863). She lived to be 82, and her personal belongings are displayed in Greenfield Hall, headquarters of the Haddonfield Historical Society. The ...
- Indian lac insect
- (from the article "homopteran") There are several lac insects, some of which secrete highly pigmented wax. The Indian lac insect Laccifer lacca is important commercially. It is found in tropical or subtropical regions on ...
- Indian languages
- languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent. The languages of the region are generally classified as belonging to the following families: Indo-European (the Indo-Iranian branch in particular), Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic (Munda in ... [3 Related Articles]
- Indian law
- the legal practices and institutions of India. The general history of law in India is a well-documented case of reception as well as of grafting. Foreign laws have been "received" ... [9 Related Articles]
- Indian Liberal Federation
- (from the article "Sastri, Srinivasa") in full Valangiman Sankarana-rayana Srinivasa Sastri liberal Indian statesman and founder of the Indian Liberal Federation, who served his country under British colonial rule in many important posts at home ...
- Indian literature
- writings of the Indian subcontinent, produced there in a variety of languages, including Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Bengali, Bihari, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Oriya, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, and ... [20 Related Articles]
- Indian mackerel
- (from the article "mackerel") Other fishes known as mackerel and belonging to the family Scombridae include the Indian mackerels (Rastrelliger), which are rather stout, commercially valuable Indo-Australian fishes up to 38 cm long, and ...
- Indian meal moth
- (from the article "pyralid moth") ...moth (Pyralis farinalis) caterpillars are white with black heads and live in silken tubes that they spin in such grains as cereals, meal, and flour stored while damp or in ...
- Indian monsoon
- (from the article "climate") The Indian monsoonclimate of IndiaIndiaClimateIndia provides the world's most-pronounced example of a monsoon climate. The wet and dry seasons of ...
- Indian moth
- (from the article "saturniid moth") ...including A. polyphemus, are sometimes used as a source of commercial silk; e.g., A. assama for muga silk; the Chinese oak silkworm, A. pernyi, for shantung silk; and the Indian ...
- Indian Museum
- in Calcutta, oldest museum in India and one of the most comprehensive in the Orient; its collections depict the cultural history of India from prehistoric to Muslim times. The present ... [2 Related Articles]
- Indian music
- (from the article "instrumentation") Much of music outside the West has entirely different aesthetic aims; the music of the Hindu world, best known to the West through the classical music of India, provides an ...
- Indian Mutiny
- (1857-58), widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India begun by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company. It began in Meerut and then ... [15 Related Articles]
- Indian National Army
- (from the article "Bose, Subhas Chandra") ...40,000 Indian men and women rounded up in Japanese-occupied Southeast Asia. On Oct. 21, 1943, Bose proclaimed the establishment of a provisional independent Indian government, and his so-called Indian National ...
- Indian National Congress
- broadly based political party of India. Formed in 1885, the Indian National Congress dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain and formed most of India's governments from the ... [31 Related Articles]
- Indian National Social Conference
- (from the article "Ranade, Mahadev Govind") ...Prarthana Samaj ("Prayer Society"), which sought to reform the social customs of orthodox Hinduism. He regularly voiced views on social and economic reform at the annual sessions of the Indian ...
- Indian National Theatre
- (from the article "theatre") ...the addition of dance interludes and other Indian aesthetic features, modern India has developed a national drama. Two examples of "new" theatre staging are the Prithvi Theatre and the Indian ...
- Indian National Trade Union Congress
- largest trade-union federation in India. INTUC was established in 1947 in cooperation with the Indian National Congress, which favoured a less militant union movement than the All-India Trade Union Congress. ...
- Indian Ocean
- body of salt water, covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the world. It is the smallest, youngest, and physically most complex of the world's three major oceans. ... [15 Related Articles]
- Indian Ocean tsunami
- tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of South and Southeast Asia in December 2004. The tsunami and its aftermath were responsible for immense destruction and loss on the ... [59 Related Articles]
- Indian paint brush
- any plant of the genus Castilleja (family Scrophulariaceae), which contains about 200 species of partially or wholly parasitic plants that derive nourishment from the roots of other plants. For this ...
- Indian Peace-Keeping Force
- (from the article "India") ...Tamils with an autonomous province within a united Sri Lanka. India agreed to prevent Tamil separatists from using its territory, notably Tamil Nadu, for training and shelter and agreed to ...
- Indian Penal Code
- (from the article "Indian law") Indian criminal law, on the other hand, has been very little changed since the Indian Penal Code was enacted in 1861. Thomas Babington Macaulay's original draft of that code, which ...
- Indian philosophy
- the systems of thought and reflection that were developed by the civilizations of the Indian subcontinent. They include both orthodox (astika) systems, namely, the Nyaya, Vaisesika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva-mimamsa, and ... [9 Related Articles]
- Indian pipe
- (Monotropa uniflora), nongreen herb, of the heath family (Ericaceae). It lives in close association with a fungus from which it acquires most of its nutrition; some of this comes from ... [1 Related Articles]
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