in music, the extemporaneous composition or free performance of a musical passage, usually in a manner conforming to certain stylistic norms but unfettered by the prescriptive features of a specific ... [27 Related Articles]
in theatre, the playing of dramatic scenes without written dialogue and with minimal or no predetermined dramatic activity. The method has been used for different purposes in theatrical history. [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Military Affairs") ...the U.S. military reported its 2,000th fatality in October. The leading cause of death of troops of the U.S.-led coalition was remotely detonated roadside bombs, known in military parlance as ...
(from the article "mechanics") This integral is known as the impulse imparted to the particle. In order to perform the integral, it is necessary to know r at all times so ...
(from the article "criminology") ...on early childhood experiences that tended to lead to criminality in later life, including poor parental child-rearing techniques, such as harsh or inconsistent discipline. Research also isolated impulsivity-the tendency to ...
(from the article "particle accelerator") Primarily for use in research on thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen isotopes, several high-intensity electron accelerators have been constructed. One type resembles a string of beads in which each bead is ...
(from the article "turbine") Two types of blading have been developed to a high degree of perfection: impulse blading and reaction blading. The principle of impulse blading is illustrated in the schematic diagram of ...
(from the article "turbine") ...to permit efficient conversion of the thermal energy in the steam to mechanical energy. In modern turbines, three types of staging are employed, either separately or in combination: (1) pressure ...
(from the article "turbine") In an impulse turbine the potential energy, or the head of water, is first converted into kinetic energy by discharging water through a carefully shaped nozzle. The jet, discharged into ...
(from the article "attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder") ...coursing with many overlapping thoughts, emotions, impulses, and sensory stimuli. Attention can be defined as the ability to focus on one stimulus or task while resisting focus on the extraneous ...
(from the article "crystal defect") ...ion, which is displaced from its normal lattice point and shifts to a nearby interstice, or space, between atoms in the lattice. In the Schottky defect, two ions of opposite ...
in early Irish literature, a story about an adventurous voyage. This type of story includes tales of Irish saints traveling to Iceland or Greenland, as well as fabulous tales of ...
right-wing politician and premier of Hungary (1938-39), whose close collaboration with the Nazis during World War II led to his execution as a war criminal. [1 Related Articles]
Arab poet, acknowledged as the most distinguished poet of pre-Islamic times by the Prophet Muhammad, by 'Ali, the fourth caliph, and by Arab critics of the ancient Basra school. He ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Arabia, history of") Al-Hirah was similarly a Bedouin tribal kingdom, the kings of which are commonly designated the Lakhmids. According to tradition, the founder of the dynasty was 'Amr, whose son Imru' al-Qays ...
(from the article "Hawaiian") ...(capes, robes, helmets, leis, kahilis) has not been excelled. Houses were of wood frames and thatched, with stone floors covered with mats. Food was cooked in holes in the ground, ...
(from the article "stringed instrument") As with other lutes, fiddles may have only 1 string (the Tuareg imzhad) or as many as 40 (the sarangi); on the latter, sympathetic ...
(from the article "arts, East Asian") ...The tunings used in the Edo koto traditions, however, reveal new, apparently indigenous, tonal systems. These concepts were eventually categorized under the two scales called yo and in, shown in ...
(from the article "Roman law") ...specified length of time had elapsed. The praetors, however, devised procedural methods of protecting B's possession in such a way that A's title became valueless, and B was said to ...
(from the article "servitude") Benefits and burdens that are not tied to ownership or possession of a particular piece of land are called "in gross." Benefits acquired by governmental bodies, conservation and preservation organizations, ...
(from the article "Roman law") In jure cessio was a conveyance in the form of a lawsuit. The transferee claimed before the magistrate that the thing was his, and the transferor, who was the defendant, ...
in narrative technique, the recommended practice of beginning an epic or other fictional form by plunging into a crucial situation that is part of a related chain of events; the ...
a quatrain in iambic tetrameter with a rhyme scheme of abba. The form was named for the pattern used by Alfred, Lord Tennyson in his poem In Memoriam, which, following ...
style of 16th- and 17th-century English instrumental ensemble music based on the plainsong melody of the antiphon (a verse originally sung before and after a psalm in the Roman Catholic ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "cardinal") ...other business). These newly named cardinals then receive the red biretta and the ring symbolic of the office in a public consistory. Sometimes the pope appoints cardinals
(from the article "heavy oil and tar sand") The mechanics of heavy oil displacement in an in situ combustion operation is similar to that in the steam-flooding process except for one difference. Unlike in the latter, steam is ...
(from the article "building construction") There are two methods of fabricating reinforced concrete. The first is to pour the liquid material into forms at the building site; this is so-called in situ concrete. The other ...
(from the article "atmosphere") Methods to monitor the atmosphere are of two types-in situ measurements and remote sensing observations. In situ measurements require that the instrumentation be located directly at the point of interest ...
(from the article "materials science") ...cylinders from the plant where they were made to the site where they will be used. One possible method of replacing these precursors with materials that are environmentally safe is ...
medical procedure in which mature egg cells are removed from a woman, fertilized with male sperm outside the body, and inserted into the uterus of the same or another woman ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "recombinant DNA technology") Another use of cloned DNA is in vitro mutagenesis in which a mutation is produced in a segment of cloned DNA. The DNA is then inserted into a cell or ...
(from the article "telephone and telephone system") In the earliest days of the telephone network, signaling was provided by means of direct current (DC) between the telephone instrument and the operator. As long-distance circuits and automatic switching ...
(from the article "environmental works") ...of anthracite coal above a layer of fine sand. The upper layer of coal traps most of the large floc, and the finer sand grains in the lower layer trap ...
(from the article "gasoline engine") There are two arrangements of cylinders in common automotive use-the vertical, or in-line, type (see part C of the figure) and the V type (see part D of the figure). ...
(from the article "Alternative Sports") One of the U.S.'s fastest-growing sports, in-line hockey, experienced a roller-coaster year. Popularity continued to soar as new rinks sprang up nationwide, with many in warm-weather areas such as Arizona ...
(from the article "Alternative Sports") ...States. Figures from the National Sporting Goods Association showed a decline in participation by Americans in traditional sports, including football and baseball, in favour of such new sports as in-line ...
(from the article "Ch'ondogyo") ...and every creation will be done. Never forgetting this truth, everything will be known." This formula contains the basic principle of Ch'ondogyo: "Man and God are one" (In-Nae-Ch'on); this oneness ...
(from the article "mineral deposit") ...Geological Survey, who studied chromite cumulates of the Stillwater Complex in Montana. The findings of Jackson and later workers suggested that cumulates can also be produced by such phenomena as ...
(from the article "liquid crystal display") In recent years a number of alternatives to the 90° TN have been commercialized for use on active-matrix substrates. For example, in-plane switching (IPS) displays operate by applying a switching ...
(from the article "Tristan da Cunha") ...territory of St. Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean about midway between southern Africa and South America. The territory consists of six small islands, of which five-Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible, ...
(from the article "vaccine") ...ability to stimulate immunity. They may produce a mild or subclinical form of the disease. Attenuated vaccines include those for measles, mumps, polio (the Sabin vaccine), rubella, and tuberculosis. Inactivated ...
(from the article "nervous system") A series of nerve impulses arriving in rapid succession at the axon terminal is accurately reproduced as a series in the postsynaptic cell because the quanta of neurotransmitter released by ...
(from the article "permafrost") Ice wedges may be classified as active, inactive, and ice-wedge casts. Active ice wedges are those that are actively growing. The wedge may not crack every year, but during many ...
(from the article "Triassic Period") ...the Permian. The crinoids had begun to decline long before the end of the Permian, by which time they were almost entirely decimated, with both the flexible and camerate varieties ...
(from the article "1955: Best Foreign-Language Film") The first part of an epic film trilogy by director Inagaki, Samurai, the Legend of Musashi follows the early life of Miyamoto Musashi (Mifune Toshiro) as he valiantly rises from ...
(from the article "India") ...Even much farther south, in Maharashtra, the opening of the 1st millennium seems to have coincided with a period of desiccation, in which the flourishing agricultural settlements at sites such ...
in Japanese mythology, god primarily known as the protector of rice cultivation. The god also furthers prosperity and is worshiped particularly by merchants and tradesmen, is the patron deity of ...
largest lake in northern Finland, lying near the Russian border. At an elevation of 389 ft (119 m), it is approximately 50 mi (80 km) long and 25 mi (40 ...
(from the article "Achaemenes") ...the Egyptian contingent of the Achaemenid fleet defeated by the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis (480). Little more is known of Achaemenes' career until he was defeated and slain ...
Acclaimed Mexican filmmaker Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu finally received mainstream recognition in 2007 with Academy Award nominations as producer and director of Babel (2006), the third segment in a loose trilogy ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "lamp shells") The Inarticulata, the most abundant brachiopods of the Cambrian, soon gave way to the Articulata and declined greatly in number and variety toward the end of the Cambrian. They were ...
(from the article "Heidegger, Martin") ...(Entfremdung)-or, as expressed in terms more central to Heidegger's thought, in a "highly inauthentic way of being." Although fallenness, or inauthenticity, is an inescapable feature of human ...
city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, in the Owari plain. It was a small rural town during the Tokugawa period (1603-1867), producing vegetables for the market of nearby Nagoya. Increased ...
international brewing company founded in 2004 through the merger of the Brazilian Companhia de Bebidas das Americas (AmBev) and the Belgian Interbrew SA. Its headquarters are in Leuven, Belg. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "motorboat") The two most common types of motorboats are classified by the manner in which the engine is installed. An inboard motorboat has the engine permanently mounted within the hull, with ...
(from the article "genetic disease, human") Many autosomal recessive traits reflect mutations in key metabolic enzymes and result in a wide variety of disorders classified as inborn errors of metabolism. One of the best-known examples of ...
the mating of individuals or organisms that are closely related through common ancestry, as opposed to outbreeding, which is the mating of unrelated organisms. Inbreeding is useful in the retention ... [9 Related Articles]
South American Indians who, at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1532, ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from the northern border of ... [42 Related Articles]
(from the article "Months and celebrations of the Inca calendar") So little is known about the calendar used by the Inca that one can hardly make a statement about it for which a contrary opinion cannot be found. Some workers ...
(from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") Inca religion-an admixture of complex ceremonies, practices, animistic beliefs, varied forms of belief in objects having magical powers, and nature worship-culminated in the worship of the sun, which was presided ...
(from the article "Inca rulers and royal corporations") ...was named emperor because his older brother was considered ugly. Capac Yupanqui was the first Inca ruler to conquer lands outside the Cuzco Valley, although these were only about a ...
(from the article "tern") ...terns, or noddies, belonging to the genus Anous. Noddies, named for their nodding displays, are tropical birds with wedge-shaped or only slightly forked tails. A distinct type of tern, the ...
(from the article "Machu Picchu") ...Cuzco by first taking a narrow-gauge railway and then ascending nearly 1,640 feet (500 metres) from the Urubamba River valley on a serpentine road. Smaller numbers of visitors arrive by ...
(from the article "Inca rulers and royal corporations") For some time there had been palace intrigue in Cuzco over who would succeed Viracocha Inca to the throne. The Emperor chose Inca Urcon ('Inka 'Urqon) as his successor, but ...
(from the article "Carracci, Lodovico") ...After working under the painter Prospero Fontana in Bologna, Lodovico visited Florence, Parma, and Venice before returning to his native Bologna. There, about 1585, he and his cousins founded the ...
(from the article "luminescence") As mentioned above, luminescence is characterized by electrons undergoing transitions from excited quantum states. The excitation of the luminescent electrons is not connected with appreciable agitations of the atoms that ...
any of various devices that produce light by heating a suitable material to a high temperature. When any solid or gas is heated, commonly by combustion or resistance to an ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "chemical weapon") A good deal of work has been done on chemicals that can incapacitate, disorient, or paralyze opponents. Experiments have been conducted on a number of hallucinogenic drug compounds-for instance, 3-quinuclidinyl ...
(from the article "punishment") Incapacitation refers to the act of making an individual "incapable" of committing a crime-historically by execution or banishment, and in more modern times by execution or lengthy periods of incarceration. ...
central Christian doctrine that God became flesh, that God assumed a human nature and became a man in the form of Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the second ... [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "theism") ...to the high ethical teaching and character of saints and prophets, who have a special role to play in transmitting the divine message. In some religions this tendency culminates in ...
(from the article "Islamic arts") ...uniquely Anatolian architectural features, however, can be distinguished. One was limited to Konya at this time but would have an important widespread development later on. As it appears in the ...
pioneer American motion-picture director, who was the first to organize production methods into a disciplined system of filmmaking. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "bomb") Incendiary bombs are of two main types. The burning material of the intensive type is thermite, a mixture of aluminum powder and iron oxide that burns at a very high ...
(from the article "ammunition") ...carbide. Tracer bullets have a column of pyrotechnic composition in the base that is ignited by the flame of the propellant; this provides a visible pyrotechnic display during the bullet's ...
(from the article "artillery") ...containing magnesium flares suspended by parachutes, illuminated the battlefield at night; gas shells, filled with various chemicals such as chlorine or mustard gas, were used against troops; incendiary shells were ...
grains of resins (sometimes mixed with spices) that burn with a fragrant odour, widely used as an oblation. It is commonly sprinkled on lighted charcoal contained in a censer, or ... [1 Related Articles]
container generally of bronze or pottery, fitted with a perforated lid, in which incense is burnt. Although incense burners were used in Europe, they were far more widespread in the ... [1 Related Articles]
(species Calocedrus decurrens), ornamental and timber evergreen conifer of the cypress family (Cupressaceae). It is native primarily to the western slopes of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges of ...
(from the article "economic development") Another major lesson that was learned is that poor people are, if anything, more responsive to incentives than rich people. Nominal exchange rates that are pegged without regard to domestic ...
(from the article "motivation") One area within the study of human motivation that has proved fruitful is research on incentives. Incentive motivation is concerned with the way goals influence behaviour. For example, a person ...
one of the 12 soil orders in the U.S. Soil Taxonomy. Inceptisols are soils of relatively new origin and are characterized by having only the weakest appearance of horizons, or ... [3 Related Articles]
sexual relations between persons who, because of the nature of their kin relationships, are prohibited by law or custom from intermarrying. Because, cross-culturally, incest is more an emotional than a ... [6 Related Articles]
unit of British Imperial and United States Customary measure equal to 136 of a yard. The unit derives from the Old English ince, or ynce, which in turn came from ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "spiderwort") ...(family Commelinaceae), which includes 20 or more erect to trailing, weak-stemmed herbs native to North and South America. Several species are grown as indoor plants in baskets, especially the wandering ...
port city, Kyonggi do (province), northwestern South Korea. It lies near the mouth of the Han River, 25 miles (40 km) west-southwest of Seoul, with which it is connected by ... [4 Related Articles]
nee Simpson English novelist, playwright, and actress whose successful prose romances, A Simple Story (1791) and Nature and Art (1796), are early examples of the novel of passion.
(from the article "criminal law") In Anglo-American law there is a class of offenses known as inchoate, or preliminary, crimes because guilt attaches even though the criminal purpose of the parties may not have been ...
(from the article "mental disorder") ...is the study of the distribution of disease in different populations. Prevalence denotes the number of cases of a condition present at a particular time or over a specified period, ...
(from the article "taxation") The incidence of a tax rests on the person(s) whose real net income is reduced by the tax. It is fundamental that the real burden of taxation does not necessarily ...
(from the article "Brewster's law") ...transparent medium (e.g., water or glass). Waves vibrating in the plane of the surface are indicated by short lines crossing the ray, and those vibrating at right angles to the ...
(from the article "parliamentary procedure") Incidental motions include questions arising incidentally in the consideration of other questions and decided before disposition of the one to which they are incident. They comprise motions to suspend the ...
music written to accompany or point up the action or mood of a dramatic performance on stage, film, radio, television, or recording; to serve as a transition between parts of ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "environmental works") The process called incineration or combustion-chemically, rapid oxidation-can be used to convert VOCs and other gaseous hydrocarbon pollutants to carbon dioxide and water. Incineration of VOCs and hydrocarbon fumes usually ...
container for burning refuse, or plant designed for large-scale refuse combustion. In the second sense, an incinerator consists of a furnace into which the refuse is charged and ignited (usually ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "cardiovascular disease") ...is generally targeted toward decreasing blood volume by increasing salt and water excretion. In patients who have no symptoms at rest and only mild symptoms while exercising (sometimes called incipient ...
(from the article "China") Study of the historical reduction of the size of human teeth suggests that the first human beings to eat cooked food did so in southern China. The sites of Xianrendong ...
(from the article "species") Subspecies are groups at the first stage of speciation; individuals of different subspecies sometimes interbreed, but they produce many sterile male offspring. At the second stage are incipient species, or ...
the opening word or words of a medieval Western manuscript or early printed book. In the absence of a title page, the text may be recognized, referred to, and recorded ...
(from the article "cephalopod") ...soft-bodied, deep-webbed forms with cirri on arms and small to large paddle-shaped fins; primarily deep-sea.Holocene; compact, saccular to round bodied, finless forms with muscular, contractile arms; somewhat ...
(from the article "drawing") A role apart is that played by incised drawings. Their pronounced linearity gives them the visual appearance of other drawings; materially, however, they represent the opposite principle, that of subtracting ...
