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I Am movement ... Ibn Qutaybah

I Am movement: religious movement in the United States that taught that the Mighty I Am is the source of power and of all things necessary for everyone. It was begun in the ...
I li: collection of Chinese rituals probably compiled during Western Han times (206 BC-AD 8) and listed, along with two other ritual texts (Li chi, "Collection of Rituals"; Chou li, "Rites of ...
I novel: form or genre of 20th-century Japanese literature that is characterized by self-revealing narration, with the author usually as the central character.
I-ch'ang: city in western Hupeh sheng (province), China. I-ch'ang stands on the left bank of the middle Yangtze River, immediately below the entrance to the magnificent gorges of the Ta-pa Mountains ...
I-ch'un: city, central Heilungkiang sheng (province), China. I-ch'un is situated in the densely forested area of the Hsiao hsing-an (Lesser Khingan) Range, at the intersection of the I-ch'un River, from which ...
I-lan: hsien (county), northeastern Taiwan, occupying an area of 825 square miles (2,137 square km) and bordered by the hsien of T'ai-pei (north), T'ao-yuan and Hsin-chu (west), and T'ai-chung and Hua-lien ...
I-lan: shih (municipality) and seat of I-lan hsien (county), northeastern Taiwan, the centre of the only sizable alluvial basin on the island's mountainous eastern coast. The basin itself was largely formed ...
I-n-Salah: oasis town, central Algeria, on the southern edge of the arid Tademait Plateau. At the crossing of ancient trans-Saharan caravan routes, it was once an important trade link between northern ...
I-pin: city in southern Szechwan sheng (province), China. It is situated at the junction of the Min and the Yangtze rivers at the southwestern corner of the Szechwan Basin. Above I-pin ...
I-Thou: theological doctrine of the full, direct, mutual relation between beings, as conceived by Martin Buber and some other 20th-century philosophers. The basic and purest form of this relation is that ...
I-yang: city, northern Hunan sheng (province), China. The city is situated approximately 47 miles (75 km) northwest of Ch'ang-sha on the Tzu River, to the south of Lake Tung-t'ing, on the ...
Iacchus: minor deity associated with the Eleusinian Mysteries, the best known of the ancient Greek mystery religions. On the day preceding the commencement of the mysteries, Iacchus' name was invoked with ...
Iacocca, Lee: American automobile executive who, as president and chairman of the board of the foundering Chrysler Corporation, secured the largest amount of federal financial assistance ever given to a private corporation ...
iamb: metrical foot consisting of one short syllable (as in classical verse) or one unstressed syllable (as in English verse) followed by one long or stressed syllable, as in the word ...
iambe: French satiric verse form consisting of alternating lines of 8 and 12 syllables. The total number of lines is variable. Greek writers, especially Archilochus, used iambics as a vehicle for ...
Iamblichus: Syrian philosopher, a major figure in the philosophical school of Neoplatonism and the founder of its Syrian branch.
Iao Valley: valley, Maui county, northwestern Maui island, Hawaii, U.S. Situated on the eastern slope of Puu Kukui Mountain, it lies just north of Wailuku. Formed by erosion of the caldera whose ...
Iapetus: outermost of Saturn's major regular moons, extraordinary because of its great contrast in surface brightness. It was discovered by the Italian-born French astronomer Gian Domenico Cassini in 1671 and named ...
Iasi: judet (county), northeastern Romania, bounded on the east by Moldova. The southward-flowing Prut River marks the county's eastern border with Moldova, and the Siret River drains the ...
Iasi: city, northeastern Romania. It is situated on the Bahlui River near its confluence with the Prut River in the Moldavian plain, 8 miles (13 km) west of the border with ...
Iasion: in Greek mythology, Cretan youth loved by Demeter, the corn goddess, who lay with him in a fallow field that had been thrice plowed. Their son was Plutus (q.v.), the ...
Ibadan: capital city of Oyo state, Nigeria, located on seven hills (average elevation 700 feet [200 metres]) 100 miles (160 km) from the Atlantic coast. It is the nation's second largest ...
Ibague: city, central Colombia, on the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera Central (Central Mountains). Founded as San Bonifacio de Ibague in 1550 on the site of an Indian village, it ...
Ibanez del Campo, Carlos: Chilean president from 1927 to 1931 and from 1952 to 1958. Although by preference Ibanez was aligned with foreign reactionaries, he made many constructive domestic reforms.
Ibar River: river in south-central Serbia and Montenegro, rising in the Mokra Planina (mountains) and flowing eastward to Kosovska Mitrovica, then northward to join the Zapadna Morava River. Its length is 171 ...
Ibaraki: ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan, facing the Pacific Ocean. It is located in the northeastern Kanto Plain. Ibaraki is bordered (south) by the Tone River and contains ...
Ibarbourou, Juana de: Uruguayan poet, one of the most famous Latin American women poets. She was venerated for her lyrical celebration of love and nature.
Ibarra: city, north-central Ecuador, situated in an Andean valley at an elevation of 7,300 feet (2,200 metres), within the Ecuadorian Lake District. It was founded in 1606 by the soldier Cristobal ...
Ibarruri, Dolores: Spanish Communist leader, who earned a legendary reputation as an impassioned orator during the Spanish Civil War, coining the Republican battle cry, "No pasaran! " ("They shall not pass!").
Ibb: city, southwestern Yemen, lying in the Yemen Highlands on a spur of the rugged Mount Shamahi, at 6,725 feet (2,050 metres) above sea level. The city's origins, according to Arab ...
Iberia: Spanish airline created by law on June 7, 1940, and given rights to the air transport of persons and cargo within Spain. It took control of a privately owned company ...
Iberian: one of a prehistoric people of southern and eastern Spain who later gave their name to the whole peninsula. The waves of migrating Celtic peoples from the 8th to 6th ...
Iberian Peninsula: peninsula in southwestern Europe, occupied by Spain and Portugal. Its name derives from its ancient inhabitants whom the Greeks called Iberians, probably after the Ebro (Iberus), the peninsula's second longest ...
Ibero-Maurusian industry: North African stone-tool industry dating from the late Wurm (last) Glacial Period, about 16,000 years ago. The former presumption that the industry extended into Spain explains the prefix "Ibero-" in ...
Ibert, Jacques: composer whose music is admired for its colourful, technically polished, and often witty neoclassical style.
Iberville: town, Monteregie region, southern Quebec province, Canada, on the east bank of the Richelieu River, opposite Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Originally called Christieville, it was renamed in 1854 for the French explorer Pierre ...
Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne d': French-Canadian naval hero and explorer, noted for his exploration and battles on behalf of the French in Hudson Bay and in the territory of Louisiana.
ibex: any of several surefooted, sturdy wild goats of the genus Capra, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), found in the mountains of Europe, Asia, and northeastern Africa. The European, or Alpine, ibex ...
Ibi: town and river port, Taraba state, east-central Nigeria, on the south bank of the Benue River, opposite the mouth of the Shemankar River. Founded in the 1850s by a slave ...
Ibibio: people of southeastern Nigeria, mainly in the Cross River state. They speak dialects of Efik-Ibibio, a language now grouped within the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Ibibio ...
ibis: any of about 20 species of medium-sized wading birds constituting the subfamily Threskiornithinae of the family Threskiornithidae (order Ciconiiformes), which also includes the spoonbills. Ibises occur in all warm regions ...
ibisbill: (Ibidorhyncha struthersii), Asian bird named for its long, red, down-curved bill (similar to that of an ibis), which it uses to probe for food under stones along streams and ponds. ...
Ibiza: island, Balearic Islands provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), Spain, one of the Balearic Islands in the western Mediterranean. It lies 50 miles ...
Iblis: in Islam, the personal name of the devil, probably derived from the Greek diabolos. Iblis, the counterpart of the Jewish and Christian Satan, is also referred to as 'aduw Allah ...
Ibn 'Abbad: in full Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Abi Ishaq Ibrahim An-nafzi Al-himyari Ar-rundi Islamic theologian who became the leading mystical thinker of North Africa in the 14th century.
Ibn 'Aqil: in full Abu Al-wafa' 'ali Ibn 'aqil Ibn Muhammad Ibn 'aqil Ibn Ahmad Al-baghdadi Az-zafari Islamic theologian and scholar of the Hanbali school, the most traditionalist of the schools of ...
Ibn Abi 'Asrun: in full Sharaf Ad-din Abu Sa'd 'abd Allah Ibn Muhammad Ibn Hibat Allah Ibn Mutahhar At-tamimi Al-mawsili Ibn Abi 'asrun, also called Al-halabi, or Ad-dimashqi scholar who became a leading ...
Ibn Abi ar-Rijal, Ahmad: Yemeni scholar and theologian, who is the best source of historical information on the little-known sect of Shi'i Muslims in Yemen called the Zaydis.
Ibn al-'Arabi: celebrated Muslim mystic-philosopher who gave the esoteric, mystical dimension of Islamic thought its first full-fledged philosophic expression. His major works are the monumental Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyyah ("The Meccan ...
Ibn al-'Awwam: agriculturist who wrote the Arabic treatise on agriculture, Kitab al-fila-hah, the outstanding medieval work on the subject. The Spanish translation, published in the early 1800s, consists of ...
Ibn al-Abbar: in full Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Al-quda'i historian, theologian, and humorist who became one of the most famous students of Islamic Spain.
Ibn al-Ash'ath: Umayyad general who became celebrated as leader of a revolt (AD 699-701) against the governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj.
Ibn al-Athir: in full Abu Al-hasan 'ali 'izz Ad-din Ibn Al-athir influential Arab historian.
Ibn al-Bawwab: Arabic calligrapher of the 'Abbasid Age (750-1258) who reputedly invented the cursive rayhani and muhaqqaq scripts. He refined several of the calligraphic styles invented a century earlier by Ibn Muqlah, ...
Ibn al-Farid: Arab poet whose expression of Sufi mysticism is regarded as the finest in the Arabic language.
Ibn al-Haytham: mathematician and astronomer who made significant contributions to the principles of optics and the use of scientific experiments.
Ibn al-Jawzi: in full 'abd Ar-rahman Ibn 'ali Ibn Muhammad Abu Al-farash Ibn Al-jawzi jurist, theologian, historian, preacher, and teacher who became an important figure in the Baghdad establishment and a leading ...
Ibn an-Nafis: Arab physician who first described the pulmonary circulation of the blood. In finding that the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart is solid and without pores, ...
Ibn Babawayh: Islamic theologian, author of one of the "Four Books" that are the basic authorities for the doctrine of Twelver (Ithna 'Ashari) Shi'ah.
Ibn Battutah: in full Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn 'abd Allah Al-lawati At-tanji Ibn Battutah the greatest medieval Arab traveller and the author of one of the most famous travel books, the ...
ibn Daud, Abraham ben David Halevi: also called Rabad I physician and historian who was the first Jewish philosopher to draw on Aristotle's writings in a systematic fashion. He is probably more esteemed today for his ...
Ibn Durayd: in full Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Al-hasan Al-azdi Ibn Durayd Arab philologist who wrote a large Arabic dictionary, Jamharat al-lughah ("Collection of Language").
ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir: poet, grammarian, traveller, Neoplatonic philosopher, and astronomer, best known as a biblical exegete whose commentaries contributed to the Golden Age of Spanish Judaism.
ibn Ezra, Moses: Hebrew poet and critic, one of the finest poets of the golden age of Spanish Jewry (900-1200). He was one of the first Jewish poets to write secular verse; his ...
Ibn Falaquera: Spanish-born Jewish philosopher and translator who propagated a reconciliation between Jewish Orthodoxy and philosophy and defended Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed against the attacks of the traditionalists.
Ibn Gabirol: one of the outstanding figures of the Hebrew school of religious and secular poetry during the Jewish Golden Age in Moorish Spain. He was also an important Neoplatonic philosopher.
Ibn Hazm: Muslim litterateur, historian, jurist, and theologian of Islamic Spain, famed for his literary productivity, breadth of learning, and mastery of the Arabic language. One of the leading exponents of the ...
Ibn Ishaq: in full Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Yasar Ibn Khiyar Arab biographer of the Prophet Muhammad whose book, in a recension by Ibn Hisham, is one of the most important sources ...
Ibn Janah: perhaps the most important medieval Hebrew grammarian and lexicographer. Known as the founder of the study of Hebrew syntax, he established the rules of biblical exegesis and clarified many difficult ...
Ibn Jubayr: in full Abu Al-husayn Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Jubayr Spanish Muslim known for a book recounting his pilgrimage to Mecca.
Ibn Kathir: in full 'imad Ad-din Isma'il Ibn 'umar Ibn Kathir Muslim theologian and historian who became one of the leading intellectual figures of 14th-century Syria.
Ibn Khaldun: the greatest Arab historian, who developed one of the earliest nonreligious philosophies of history, contained in his masterpiece, the Muqaddimah ("Introduction"). He also wrote a definitive history ...
Ibn Khallikan: Muslim judge and author of a classic Arabic biographical dictionary. Ibn Khallikan studied in Irbil, Aleppo, and Damascus.
Ibn Miskawayh: in full Abu 'ali Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ya'qub Ibn Miskawayh Persian scientist, philosopher, and historian whose scholarly works became models for later generations of Islamic thinkers.
Ibn Muqlah: in full Abu 'ali Muhammad Ibn 'ali Ibn Muqlah one of the foremost calligraphers of the 'Abbasid Age (750-1258), reputed inventor of the first cursive style of Arabic lettering, the ...
Ibn Qutaybah: writer of adab literature-that is, of literature exhibiting wide secular erudition and also of theology, philology, and literary criticism. He introduced an Arabic prose style outstanding for its simplicity and ...