| | - I AM
- (from the article "Church Universal and Triumphant") The church believes in the I AM, or God Presence, which members believe is the higher, changeless aspect of every individual. Church members may call upon the I AM presence ...
- I AM movement
- theosophical movement founded in Chicago in the early 1930s by Guy W. Ballard (1878-1939), a mining engineer, and his wife, Edna W. Ballard (1886-1971). The name of the movement is ... [2 Related Articles]
- I band
- (from the article "muscle") ...at different levels of the sarcomere are examined by electron microscope, the filaments can be seen end-on, and the three-dimensional nature of the lattice of filaments can be appreciated. The ...
- I Corps
- (from the article "Liggett, Hunter") ...character. By 1913 he was a brigadier general and president of the War College. Arriving in France with the Allied Expeditionary Force (AEF) in October 1917, Liggett took command of ...
- I li
- collection of Chinese rituals probably compiled during Western Han times (206 BC-AD 8) and listed, along with two other ritual texts (Li chi, "Collection of Rituals"; Chou li, "Rites of ... [1 Related Articles]
- I novel
- form or genre of 20th-century Japanese literature that is characterized by self-revealing narration, with the author usually as the central character. [2 Related Articles]
- i region
- (from the article "semiconductor device") A p-i-n diode is a p-n junction with an impurity profile tailored so that an intrinsic layer, the "i region," is sandwiched between a ...
- i'jaz al-Qur'an
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...and Islamic scholarship, which regarded the language of the Qur'an as its inimitable yardstick; from this belief developed the later critical doctrine of i'jaz al-Qur'an (the "inimitability ...
- I-16
- (from the article "military aircraft") ...advantages of monoplanes with unbraced wings and retractable landing gear were evident, and fighters of this description began to appear. The first of these to see operational service was the ...
- I-201
- (from the article "submarine") ...a large number of submarines of various sizes and types, including aircraft-carrying submarines, midget submarines, and "human torpedoes" carried by larger submarines. The Japanese I-201 class was a high-speed submarine, ...
- I-ching
- (from the article "Indonesia") The kingdom of Srivijaya is first mentioned in the writings of the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim I-ching, who visited it in 671 after a voyage of less than 20 days from ...
- I-hsing ware
- (from the article "pottery") The stoneware of I-hsing in Kiangsu Province was known in the West as Buccaro, or Boccaro, ware and was copied and imitated at Meissen, at Staffordshire, and in the Netherlands ...
- i-hua
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...traditionalism, writing that his own method was "no method" and insisting that, like nature, creativity with the brush must be spontaneous and seamless, based on the concept of i-hua, the ...
- I-It
- (from the article "Buber, Martin") ...day between the maximum of good that can be done in a concrete situation and the minimum of evil that must be done in it-calls for an I-Thou relation whenever ...
- I-lan
- (from the article "Heilungkiang") Heilungkiang was long sparsely inhabited by hunters and fishermen who used canoes, dogsleds, skis, and reindeer as transport. The town of San-hsing (now I-lan) was the home in the early ...
- I-lan
- hsien (county), northeastern Taiwan, occupying an area of 825 square miles (2,137 square km) and bordered by the hsien of T'ai-pei (north), T'ao-yuan and Hsin-chu (west), and T'ai-chung and Hua-lien ...
- I-lan
- shih (municipality) and seat of I-lan hsien (county), northeastern Taiwan, the centre of the only sizable alluvial basin on the island's mountainous eastern coast. The basin itself was largely formed ...
- I-lan River
- (from the article "I-lan") ...and by the Philippine Sea (east). The Chung-yang Mountains extend over the southern part, and the Hsueh-shan Mountains border the northwestern part of I-lan hsien. In the northeast, the I-lan ...
- i-Limb
- (from the article "Advances in Battlefield Medicine") ...at least one mental health problem. With many soldiers now surviving the loss of an arm or a leg, there is also the challenge of developing better prosthetics. One example ...
- I-n-Salah
- oasis town, central Algeria, on the southern edge of the arid Tademait Plateau. At the crossing of ancient trans-Saharan caravan routes, it was once an important trade link between northern ...
- I-Thou
- theological doctrine of the full, direct, mutual relation between beings, as conceived by Martin Buber and some other 20th-century philosophers. The basic and purest form of this relation is that ... [3 Related Articles]
- I-type granite
- (from the article "granite") There are two major source regions for producing molten granite: igneous and sedimentary protoliths (source rocks). These result in I-type granitoids, derived from igneous protoliths and containing moderate amounts of ...
- I-voting
- (from the article "electronic voting") As use of the Internet spread rapidly in the 1990s and early 21st century, it seemed that the voting process would naturally migrate there. In this scenario, voters would cast ...
- i-yang ch'iang
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") The vocal style of k'un-ch'u matched the soft accompaniment and was usually performed by a male singing falsetto. Another style of opera from the same period, i-yang ch'iang, seemed more ...
- I.J. Asscher and Company
- (from the article "Cullinan diamond") ...the colourless stone was purchased by the Transvaal government and was presented (1907) to the reigning British monarch, King Edward VII. It was cut into 9 large stones and about ...
- IA channel
- (from the article "nervous system") Another outward K+ current, occurring with little delay after depolarization, is the A current. IA channels are opened by depolarization following hyperpolarization. By increasing the interval between action potentials, they ...
- IAC/InterActiveCorp
- (from the article "Architecture") Canadian-born American architect Frank Gehry created a new headquarters for IAC/InterActiveCorp in New York City on a site across the street from the Hudson River. The building featured surfaces of ...
- Iacchus
- minor deity associated with the Eleusinian Mysteries, the best known of the ancient Greek mystery religions. On the day preceding the commencement of the mysteries, Iacchus' name was invoked with ...
- Iachimo
- (from the article "Cymbeline") ...must marry his horrid stepson Cloten. When Cymbeline learns that Imogen is secretly married to Posthumus, he banishes Posthumus, who heads for Rome. In a conversation with a villainous Italian, ...
- Iacocca, Lee
- American automobile executive who, as president and chairman of the board of the foundering Chrysler Corporation, secured the largest amount of federal financial assistance ever given to a private corporation ...
- Iacopone da Todi
- (from the article "Boniface VIII") ...Boniface were many of the Franciscan "Spirituals" (members of the order founded by St. Francis of Assisi who followed a literal observance of his rule of poverty), including the poet ...
- Iago
- the villain of Shakespeare's tragedy Othello. One of Shakespeare's most intriguing and plausible villains, Iago frequently takes the audience into his confidence, a device that encourages close ... [2 Related Articles]
- Iakovos
- Greek Orthodox primate (b. July 29, 1911, Imroz [Imbros], Island, Ottomon Empire, [now Gokceada, Turkey]-d. April 10, 2005, Stamford, Conn.), promoted ecumenical religious unity and gained broader acceptance for the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Iala, Koumba
- (from the article "Guinea-Bissau") ...elections in 2005. The first presidential election since the 2003 coup was due to take place in March 2005 but was postponed to June. For a time it seemed that ...
- iamb
- metrical foot consisting of one short syllable (as in classical verse) or one unstressed syllable (as in English verse) followed by one long or stressed syllable, as in the word ... [7 Related Articles]
- iambe
- French satiric verse form consisting of alternating lines of 8 and 12 syllables. The total number of lines is variable. Greek writers, especially Archilochus, used iambics as a vehicle for ...
- iambic pentameter
- (from the article "metre") ...poetry. It combines Romance syllable counting and Germanic stress counting to produce lines of fixed numbers of alternating stressed and unstressed syllables. Thus, the most common English metre, iambic pentameter, ...
- iambic tetrameter
- (from the article "tetrameter") ...a stressed one, as in the word ˘be|cause&stress; ), trochees (a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one, as in the word ti&stress;|ger),˘ or a combination of the two. Iambic ...
- Iamblichus
- Syrian philosopher, a major figure in the philosophical school of Neoplatonism and the founder of its Syrian branch. [7 Related Articles]
- Iao Needle
- (from the article "Iao Valley") ...erosion of the caldera whose volcano created the island's western peninsula, Iao Valley comprises a deep, narrow gorge 5 miles (8 km) long and flanked by heavily forested walls almost ...
- Iao Valley
- valley, Maui county, northwestern Maui island, Hawaii, U.S. Situated on the eastern slope of Puu Kukui Mountain, it lies just north of Wailuku. Formed by erosion of the caldera whose ...
- Iapetus
- outermost of Saturn's major regular moons, extraordinary because of its great contrast in surface brightness. It was discovered by the Italian-born French astronomer Gian Domenico Cassini in 1671 and named ... [3 Related Articles]
- Iapetus Ocean
- (from the article "Appalachian orogenic belt") ...19th century; today a plate tectonic theory is invoked. The earliest Appalachian sediments were deposited near the start of the Cambrian Period (542 million years ago) on the shores of ...
- Iapyges
- (from the article "Messapic language") Indo-European language spoken by tribes (Messapii and Iapyges) living in the southeastern part of Italy in pre-Roman and early Roman times. Messapic inscriptions date from the 6th to the 1st ...
- Iarbas
- (from the article "Dido") Her husband having been slain by her brother Pygmalion, Dido fled to the coast of Africa where she purchased from a local chieftain, Iarbas, a piece of land on which ...
- Iasi
- judet (county), northeastern Romania, bounded on the east by Moldova. The southward-flowing Prut River marks the county's eastern border with Moldova, and the Siret River drains the ...
- Iasi
- city, northeastern Romania. It is situated on the Bahlui River near its confluence with the Prut River in the Moldavian plain, 8 miles (13 km) west of the border with ...
- Iasion
- in Greek mythology, according to Homer and Hesiod, Cretan youth loved by Demeter, the corn goddess, who lay with him in a fallow field that had been thrice plowed. Their ...
- Iatmul
- (from the article "art and architecture, Oceanic") The Sawos and the river-dwelling Iatmul, who historically derive from the Sawos, worked in styles totally different from those of the people to the north. Their ceremonial houses were long ...
- iatrogenic disease
- (from the article "disease") ...It may result from a course of medical treatment, either as an unavoidable side effect or because the treatment itself was ill-advised; in either case the disease is classed as ...
- iatromathematics
- (from the article "astrology") Other forms of astrology, such as iatromathematics (application of astrology to medicine) and military astrology, are variants on one or another of the above.
- iatromechanics
- (from the article "Santorio Santorio") ...he maintained a frequent correspondence with his Paduan colleagues, the astronomer Galileo Galilei and the anatomist Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente. Santorio was an early exponent of the iatrophysical school of ...
- Iazyges
- (from the article "ancient Rome") ...Sarmatians, a combination of tribes who had overwhelmed and replaced the Scythians, their distant kinsmen, in eastern Europe. The assailants were repelled without undue difficulty; but the Sarmatian Iazyges, now ...
- ib
- (from the article "death") The anatomical heart was the haty, the word ib referring to the heart as a metaphysical entity embodying not only thought, intelligence, memory, and wisdom, but also bravery, sadness, and ...
- iba
- (from the article "percussion instrument") ...(modern Turkey). Egyptian sistrums are characterized by being closed at the top: the sesheshet was shaped like a temple, the iba like a closed ...
- Ibadan
- capital city of Oyo state, Nigeria, located on seven hills (average elevation 700 feet [200 metres]) 100 miles (160 km) from the Atlantic coast. It is the nation's second largest ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ibadan, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") The University of Ibadan and a technical institute are located in the city, and there are many specialized institutions. The university library maintains the largest collection of books in the ...
- Ibadiyah
- (from the article "Beni Isguene") ...central Algeria, in the Sahara. The name is derived from Berber words meaning "the sons of those who keep the faith." Beni Isguene was founded in the middle of the ...
- Ibadullah, Nasrullah ibn
- (from the article "Turkmenistan") In August the former mufti of Turkmenistan Nasrullah ibn Ibadullah (who had been sentenced during the Niyazov era to 22 years in prison on charges that were never made public) ...
- Ibague
- city, central Colombia, on the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera Central (Central Mountains). Founded as San Bonifacio de Ibague in 1550 on the site of an Indian village, it ...
- Iban
- (from the article "Brunei") ...Murut, and Bisaya (Bisayah). Chinese make up about one-fourth of the population. The remainder of Brunei's residents consists of other (non-"Malay") indigenous peoples, such as the Iban (or Sea Dayak); ...
- Iban language
- (from the article "Austronesian languages") ...of "backward speech" (which have as their primary purpose the concealment of messages) have been reported for adolescents. Such phenomena are functionally not unlike English pig Latin. Iban of northwestern ...
- Ibanez del Campo, Carlos
- Chilean president from 1927 to 1931 and from 1952 to 1958. Although by preference Ibanez was aligned with foreign reactionaries, he made many constructive domestic reforms. [1 Related Articles]
- Ibar River
- river in the Balkans, rising in Kosovo in the Mokra Planina (mountains) and flowing eastward to Kosovska Mitrovica, then northward to join the Zapadna Morava River in Serbia. Its length ...
- Ibaraki
- ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan, facing the Pacific Ocean. It is located in the northeastern Kanto Plain. Ibaraki is bordered (south) by the Tone River and contains ...
- Ibarbourou, Juana de
- Uruguayan poet, one of the most famous Latin American women poets. She was venerated for her lyrical celebration of love and nature.
- Ibarra
- city, north-central Ecuador, situated in an Andean valley at an elevation of 7,300 feet (2,200 metres), within the Ecuadoran Lake District. It was founded in 1606 by the soldier Cristobal ...
- Ibarruri, Dolores
- Spanish Communist leader, who earned a legendary reputation as an impassioned orator during the Spanish Civil War, coining the Republican battle cry, "No pasaran! " ("They shall not pass!").
- Ibas
- (from the article "patristic literature") ...at Edessa developed his lively interest in exegesis and became increasingly identified with the Antiochene line in theology. Among those responsible for this was one of its leading instructors, Ibas ...
- Ibb
- city, southwestern Yemen, lying in the Yemen Highlands on a spur of the rugged Mount Shamahi, at 6,725 feet (2,050 metres) above sea level. The city's origins, according to Arab ...
- Ibbi-Sin
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...who founded the 3rd dynasty of Ur ("3rd" because it is the third time that Ur is listed in the Sumerian king list). Under Ur-Nammu and his successors Shulgi, Amar-Su'ena, ...
- ibeji
- (from the article "art, African") ...in height, is often of very great complexity-for example, a king on horseback, surrounded by two tiers of attendant warriors and musicians. The most widely distributed cult is of twins, ...
- Iberia
- (from the article "Transcaucasia, history of") The two greatest and longest-lived of the many semi-independent states of the Caucasus in classical and medieval times were eastern Georgia (called Kartli or Iberia) in the north and Armenia ...
- Iberia
- Spanish airline created by law on June 7, 1940, and given rights to the air transport of persons and cargo within Spain. It took control of a privately owned company ... [1 Related Articles]
- Iberian
- one of a prehistoric people of southern and eastern Spain who later gave their name to the whole peninsula. The waves of migrating Celtic peoples from the 8th to 6th ... [4 Related Articles]
- Iberian alphabet
- (from the article "Celto-Iberian language") extinct Indo-European language of the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. Celto-Iberian was written in the Iberic script (borrowed from speakers of the non-Indo-European Iberian language in eastern and southern ...
- Iberian Anarchist Federation
- (from the article "Spain") ...Since new machinery for the settlement of labour disputes was dominated by the UGT, it was opposed by the CNT, now influenced by the extreme revolutionary apoliticism of an anarchist ...
- Iberian language
- (from the article "Basque language") ...between Basque and Caucasian. Still, proof of a genetic relationship beyond reasonable doubt appears remote. Perhaps the most promising theory involves the comparison of Basque with the long-extinct Iberian, the ...
- Iberian lynx
- (from the article "The Environment") ...highlighted how the conservation of wildlife and land use were inextricably linked. The cork-oak forests of the western Mediterranean provided a habitat for many threatened species, including the Iberian lynx ...
- Iberian Peninsula
- peninsula in southwestern Europe, occupied by Spain and Portugal. Its name derives from its ancient inhabitants whom the Greeks called Iberians, probably after the Ebro (Iberus), the peninsula's second longest ... [8 Related Articles]
- Iberian range
- (from the article "Aragon") ...in elevation southward to the Ebro basin. The Ebro River drains most of Aragon with the exception of its southernmost portion, which is linked to the Tagus River basin and ...
- Ibero-Maurusian industry
- North African stone-tool industry dating from the late Wurm (last) Glacial Period, about 16,000 years ago. The former presumption that the industry extended into Spain explains the prefix "Ibero-" in ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ibert, Jacques
- composer whose music is admired for its colourful, technically polished, and often witty neoclassical style.
- Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne d'
- French-Canadian naval hero and explorer, noted for his exploration and battles on behalf of the French in Hudson Bay and in the territory of Louisiana. [4 Related Articles]
- ibex
- any of several surefooted, sturdy wild goats of the genus Capra in the family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla) that are found in the mountains of Europe, Asia, and northeastern Africa. [2 Related Articles]
- Ibex 35
- (from the article "Economic Affairs") ...confidence, adding to markets' fragility. In the aftermath, European markets were down by between 1% and 2% in early trading, following a 1.6% drop in the DJIA. Madrid's Ibex 35 ...
- Ibi
- town and river port, Taraba state, east-central Nigeria, on the south bank of the Benue River, opposite the mouth of the Shemankar River. Founded in the 1850s by a slave ...
- Ibibio
- people of southeastern Nigeria, mainly in the Cross River state. They speak dialects of Efik-Ibibio, a language now grouped within the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Ibibio ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ibibio language
- (from the article "Benue-Congo languages") The 60 Cross River languages are situated around the Cross River in southeastern Nigeria and westward toward the Niger Delta. The largest of these languages is Ibibio, which together with ...
- Ibicui River
- (from the article "Plata, Rio de la") ...Mirinay, Mocoreta (which divides Entre Rios and Corrientes), and Gualeguaychu. The important tributaries of the Uruguay, however, come from the east. The Ijui, Ibicui, and the Cuareim are short rivers ...
- Ibina
- (from the article "Ituri Forest") ...tea. Besides the Ituri River itself, there are many broad streams that flow generally from east to west. The most notable are the Nepoko in the north, the Epulu and ...
- Ibirapuera Park
- (from the article "Sao Paulo") Directly south of the heart of Avenida Paulista is spacious Ibirapuera Park, the distinguished home of the state legislature, the 9 de Julho Palace. The Palace lies at the park's ...
- ibis
- any of about 20 species of medium-sized wading birds constituting the subfamily Threskiornithinae of the family Threskiornithidae (order Ciconiiformes), which also includes the spoonbills. Ibises occur in all warm regions ... [1 Related Articles]
- ibisbill
- (Ibidorhyncha struthersii), Asian bird named for its long, red, down-curved bill (similar to that of an ibis), which it uses to probe for food under stones along streams and ponds. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ibiza
- island, Balearic Islands provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), Spain. Ibiza is the third largest of the Balearic Islands. It lies in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ibiza
- (from the article "Spain") ...(Carmo), Gadir (Cadiz), Malaca (Malaga), and Sexi (Almunecar) thrived under the trading system established by Carthage for the central and western Mediterranean. Eivissa (Ibiza) became a major Carthaginian colony, and ...
- Iblis
- in Islam, the personal name of the devil, probably derived from the Greek diabolos. Iblis, the counterpart of the Jewish and Christian Satan, is also referred to as 'aduw Allah ... [5 Related Articles]
- Iblomorpha
- (from the article "cirripede") ...into capitulum and peduncle; capitular armament not differentiated into wall and operculum; includes 6 suborders, 2 extinct (Cyprilepadomorpha and Praelepadomorpha) and 4 extant (Heteralepadomorpha, Iblomorpha, Lepadomorpha, and Scalpellomorpha), the 3 ...
- IBM 1401
- (from the article "computer") Two IBM inventions, the magnetic disk and the high-speed chain printer, led to an expansion of the market and to the unprecedented sale of 12,000 computers of one model: the ...
- IBM 360
- (from the article "computer") IBM had been selling business machines since early in the century and had built Howard Aiken's computer to his architectural specifications. But the company had been slow to implement the ...
- IBM 650
- (from the article "computer") ...Rand, the Burroughs Adding Machine Company, and IBM had begun building machines to the IAS specifications, it was not until 1954 that a real market for business computers began to ...
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