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Hanging Gardens of Babylon ... Haratin

Hanging Gardens of Babylon: one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The gardens, built within the walls of the royal palace at Babylon, the capital of Babylonia (now in southern Iraq), did not ...
Hangul: alphabetic system used for writing the Korean language. The system, known as Choson muntcha in North Korea, consists of 24 letters, including 14 consonant and 10 vowel symbols. The consonant ...
Hani: an official nationality of China. The Hani live mainly on the high southwestern plateau of Yunnan province, China, specifically concentrated in the southwestern corner. There are also several thousands of ...
hanif: in the Qur'an, the sacred scripture of Islam, an Arabic designation for true monotheists (especially Abraham) who were not Jews, Christians, or worshipers of idols. The word appears to have ...
Hanish Islands: archipelago in the southern Red Sea that as of November 1, 1998, was officially recognized as sovereign territory of Yemen. Long under Ottoman sovereignty, the island group's political status was ...
haniwa: unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the mounded tombs (kofun) of the Japanese elite dating from the Tumulus period (c. AD 250-552). The first and most ...
hank: in textile manufacture, unit of measure applied to a length of yarn or to a loose assemblage of fibres forming a single strand, and varying according to the fibre origin. ...
Hanks, Nancy: American public official whose position as chair of the National Endowment for the Arts allowed her to dramatically increase funding for and programs in the arts.
Hanks, Tom: American film actor whose cheerful, everyman persona made him a natural for starring roles in many popular films. In the 1990s he expanded his comedic repertoire and began portraying lead ...
Hanlin Academy: elite scholarly institution founded in the 8th century AD in China to perform secretarial, archival, and literary tasks for the court and to establish the official interpretation of the Confucian ...
Hanna, Mark: American industrialist and prototype of the political kingmaker; he successfully promoted the presidential candidacy of William McKinley in the election of 1896 and personified the growing influence of big business ...
Hanna, William; and Barbera, Joseph: American motion-picture animators and partners in Hanna-Barbera Productions, founded in 1957. The two collaborated for more than half a century.
Hannah: (11th century BC), mother of Samuel, the Jewish judge. Childless as one of the two wives of Elkanah, she prayed for a son, promising to dedicate him to God. Her ...
Hannah, Barry: American author of darkly comic, often violent novels and short stories set in the Deep South.
Hannibal: city, Ralls and Marion counties, northeastern Missouri, U.S., on the Mississippi River, 100 miles (160 km) north of St. Louis. Noted as the boyhood home of Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), ...
Hannibal: Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity, who commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (218-201 BC).
Hannington, James: English Anglican missionary and first bishop of Eastern Equatorial Africa.
Hanno: also called Hanno The Great leader of the aristocratic pro-Roman faction at Carthage during the Second Punic War (218-201) between Rome and Carthage. In 241 Hanno was given command against ...
Hanno: Carthaginian who conducted a voyage of exploration and colonization to the west coast of Africa sometime during the 5th century. Setting sail with 60 vessels holding 30,000 men and women, ...
Hannover: city, capital of Lower Saxony Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies on the Leine River and the Mittelland Canal, where the spurs of the Harz Mountains meet ...
Hanoi: capital, from 1976, of Vietnam; capital, 1954-76, of North Vietnam; and former capital of French Indochina. The city is situated in northern Vietnam on the western bank of the Red ...
Hanotaux, Gabriel: statesman, diplomat, and historian who directed a major French colonial expansion in Africa and who championed a Franco-Russian alliance that proved important in the events leading to World War I.
Hanover: village, seat of Hanover county, east-central Virginia, U.S. It lies immediately east of Ashland, near the Pamunkey River, 15 miles (24 km) north of Richmond. Founded in 1720 and named ...
Hanover: borough (town), York county, southern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies in the Conewago Creek valley, 20 miles (32 km) southwest of York. Laid out in 1763 by Colonel Richard McAllister, it ...
Hanover: former state of northwestern Germany, first an electorate (1692-1806) of the Holy Roman Empire, then a kingdom (1814-66), and finally a Prussian province (1866-1945). After World War II the state ...
Hanover: town (township), Grafton county, western New Hampshire, U.S. It lies along the Connecticut River and includes the communities of Hanover and Etna. It was settled in 1765 and named for ...
Hanover, House of: British royal house of German origin, descended from George Louis, elector of Hanover, who succeeded to the British crown, as George I, in 1714. The dynasty provided six monarchs: George ...
Hanriot, Francois: commander in chief of the Paris national guard during the supremacy of the Jacobin Club radicals, led by Maximilien Robespierre, in the French Revolution.
Hans Adam II, prince of Liechtenstein: member of the ruling family of Liechtenstein who became prince (head of state) in 1989.
Hansberry, Lorraine: American playwright whose A Raisin in the Sun (1959) was the first drama by an African American woman to be produced on Broadway.
Hansch, Theodor W.: German physicist, who shared one-half of the 2005 Nobel Prize for Physics with John L. Hall for their contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy, the use of lasers to ...
Hanseatic League: organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the ...
Hansen, Alvin Harvey: American economist noted for his strong and influential advocacy of the theories of John Maynard Keynes.
Hansen, Emile Christian: Danish botanist who revolutionized the brewing industry by his discovery of a new method of cultivating pure strains of yeast.
Hansen, H.C.: politician and statesman who, as foreign minister and prime minister, led Denmark to a prominent position in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and guided the stabilization of Denmark's post-World ...
Hansen, Jens Andersen: journalist and politician, a leading 19th-century champion of Denmark's peasantry.
Hansen, Joseph: American writer, author of a series of crime novels featuring the homosexual insurance investigator and detective Dave Brandstetter.
Hansen, Martin Alfred: one of the most widely read Danish authors of his day.
Hansen, Peter Andreas: astronomer whose most important work was the improvement of the theories and tables of the orbits of the principal bodies in the solar system.
Hansen, William Webster: American physicist who contributed to the development of radar and is regarded as the founder of microwave technology.
Hansi: city, west-central Haryana state, northwestern India, on the road between Hissar city (northwest) and Delhi (southeast). Hansi is an ancient town and was probably a Kushan stronghold in the 1st ...
Hanslick, Eduard: celebrated music critic and a prolific author of works on music and concert life.
hansom cab: low, two-wheeled, closed carriage patented in 1834, whose distinctive feature was the elevated driver's seat in the rear. It was entered from the front through a folding door and had ...
Hanson, Howard: composer, conductor, and teacher who was influential in promoting contemporary American music and was, in his own compositions, a principal representative of the Romantic tradition.
Hanson, John: American Revolutionary leader and president under the U.S. Articles of Confederation.
Hansson, Ola: poet, prose writer, and critic, belatedly recognized as one of the most original of modern Swedish writers.
Hansson, Per Albin: Social Democratic statesman who, as four-time premier of Sweden between 1932 and 1946, led the nation out of the economic depression of the early 1930s, initiated key social-welfare legislation, and ...
Hansteen, Christopher: Norwegian astronomer and physicist noted for his research in geomagnetism.
hantavirus: any member of a genus of viruses (Hantavirus) of the family Bunyaviridae that cause acute respiratory illnesses in humans. The hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses, each of which ...
Hantzsch, Arthur Rudolf: German chemist who won fame at the age of 25 for devising the synthesis of substituted pyridines.
Hanukkah: Jewish festival that begins on Kislev 25 (in December, according to the Gregorian calendar) and is celebrated for eight days. Hanukkah reaffirms the ideals of Judaism and commemorates in particular ...
Hanuman: in Hindu mythology, the divine monkey chief, a central figure in the great Hindu epic the Ramayana ("Romance of Rama"). Hanuman is the child of a nymph by the wind ...
Hanumangarh: city, northern Rajasthan state, northwestern India, on the right bank of the Ghaggar River. Previously called Bhatner ("The Fortress of the Bhatti Rajputs"), it became Hanumangarh in 1805 when annexed ...
haoma: in Zoroastrianism, sacred plant and the drink made from it. The preparation of the drink from the plant by pounding and the drinking of it are central features of Zoroastrian ...
Hapgood, Isabel Florence: American translator and writer, noted for making many classic Russian works available to an English-language audience for the first time.
Hapi: in ancient Egyptian religion, personification of the annual inundation of the Nile River. Hapi was the most important among numerous personifications of aspects of natural fertility, and his dominance increased ...
hapkido: (Korean: "art of coordinated power"), a Korean form of unarmed self-defense based on the circular foot sweeps and kicks of traditional Korean tae kyon but incorporating punches and circular throws ...
haplosporidian: any protozoan of the sporozoan subclass Haplosporea. They are internal parasites of invertebrates and lower vertebrates. Representative genera are Ichthyosporidium in fish, Coelosporidium in cockroaches, and the type genus Haplosporidium ...
Happy Valley-Goose Bay: town, south-central Labrador, Newfoundland, Canada, on the western end of Lake Melville and near the mouth of the Churchill River. Goose Bay was established in 1941 as a military and ...
hapten: small molecule that stimulates the production of antibody molecules only when conjugated to a larger molecule, called a carrier molecule.
haptoglobin: a colourless protein of the alpha-globulin fraction of human serum (liquid portion of blood plasma after the clotting factor fibrinogen has been removed) that transports hemoglobin freed from destroyed red ...
haqiqah: (Arabic: "reality," "truth"), in Sufi (Muslim mystic) terminology, the knowledge the Sufi acquires when the secrets of the divine essence are revealed to him at the end of his journey ...
Har Dayal, Lala: Indian revolutionary and scholar who was dedicated to the removal of British influence in India.
Har Rai: seventh Sikh Guru, whose administration marked a period of decline in the fortunes of the Sikh community. Unlike his grandfather, the great military Guru Hargobind, Har Rai was a man ...
Hara Takashi: politician who was prime minister of Japan from 1918 to 1921 and who established the political party as a fundamental institution of politics in Japan.
harai: in Japanese religion, any of numerous Shinto purification ceremonies. Harai rites, and similar misogi exercises using water, cleanse the individual so that he may approach a deity or sacred power ...
Harald I: king of Denmark from c. 940 to c. 985, credited with the first unification of the country.
Harald I: the first king to claim sovereignty over all Norway. One of the greatest of the 9th-century Scandinavian warrior chiefs, he gained effective control of Norway's western coastal districts but probably ...
Harald II Eiriksson: Norwegian king who, along with his brothers, overthrew Haakon I about 961 and ruled oppressively until about 970. He is credited with establishing the first Christian missions in Norway.
Harald III Sigurdsson: king of Norway (1045-66). His harsh suppression of lesser Norwegian chieftains cost him their military support in his unsuccessful struggle to conquer Denmark (1045-62).
Harald IV: king of Norway (1130-36), a ruthless sovereign whose feud with his fellow king Magnus IV the Blind over the Norwegian throne marked the beginning of a period of civil wars ...
Harald V: king of Norway from 1991, succeeding his father, Olaf V.
Harappa: village on the left bank of a now dry course of the Ravi River, west-southwest of the town of Sahiwal, in the Punjab, in eastern Pakistan. The village stands on ...
Harare: capital of Zimbabwe, lying in the northeastern part of the country. The city was founded in 1890 at the spot where the British South Africa Company's Pioneer Column halted its ...
Haraszthy de Mokcsa, Agoston: Hungarian-born pioneer who introduced viticulture (grape cultivation) into California.
Haratin: black-skinned inhabitants of oases in the Sahara, especially in southern Morocco and Mauritania, who constitute a socially and ethnically distinct class of workers.