Union officer during the American Civil War who, despite his administrative skill as general in chief (1862-64), failed to achieve an overall battle strategy for Union forces.
(Swedish: "rock flint"), white, gray, yellow, greenish, or pink fine-grained rock that consists of quartz intimately mixed with feldspar. It is very finely crystalline, resembling the matrix of many silica-rich ...
town, Salzburg Bundesland (federal state), north-central Austria, on the Salzach River just south of Salzburg city. Founded in the 12th century and chartered in 1230, Hallein profited from the nearby ...
(Hebrew: "Praise"), Jewish liturgical designation for Psalms 113-118 ("Egyptian Hallel") as read in synagogues on festive occasions. In ancient times Jews recited these hymns on the three Pilgrim Festivals, when ...
Hebrew liturgical expression meaning "praise ye Yah" ("praise the Lord"). It appears in the Hebrew Bible in several psalms, usually at the beginning or end of the psalm or in ...
Swiss biologist, the father of experimental physiology, who made prolific contributions to physiology, anatomy, botany, embryology, poetry, and scientific bibliography.
first comet whose return was predicted, demonstrating that at least some comets are members of the solar system. In 1705 the English astronomer Edmond Halley published a work that included ...
English astronomer and mathematician who was the first to calculate the orbit of a comet later named after him. He is also noted for his role in the publication of ...
vigorous Norwegian folk dance for couples. The name derives from Hallingdal, a valley in southern Norway. Two or three males may dance in rivalry, performing difficult leaps, kicks, and other ...
symbol or series of symbols stamped on an article of gold or silver to denote that it conforms to legal standards that define the maximum proportion of base metals that ...
genus of extinct bryozoans (moss animals) found as fossils in Ordovician to Silurian marine rocks (from 505 to 408 million years old). Hallopora is distinguished by the large size of ...
clay mineral that occurs in two forms: one is similar in composition to kaolinite, and the other is hydrated. Both forms have a lower specific gravity than kaolinite, are fibrous ...
site in upper Austria where objects characteristic of the Early Iron Age (from c. 1100 BC) were first identified; the term Hallstatt now refers generally to Late Bronze and Early ...
the experience of perceiving objects or events that do not have an external source. For example, a person may hear his name called by a voice that no one else ...
substance that produces psychological effects that are normally associated only with dreams, schizophrenia, or religious exaltation. It produces changes in perception, thought, and feeling, ranging from distortions of what is ...
(Greek: "jump"), checkers-type board game, invented about 1880, in which players attempt to move a number of pieces from one corner of a square board containing 256 squares to the ...
largest island of the Moluccas (Maluku), Indonesia; administratively it is part of Maluku Utara (Northern Moluccas) provinsi (province). The island, located between the Molucca Sea (west) and the Pacific Ocean ...
town and port, capital of the lan (county) of Halland, southwestern Sweden, on the eastern shore of the Kattegat, at the mouth of Nissan River. The town was founded at ...
any of a wide range of atmospheric optical phenomena that result when the Sun or Moon shines through thin clouds composed of ice crystals. These phenomena may be due to ...
in art, radiant circle or disk surrounding the head of a holy person, a representation of spiritual character through the symbolism of light. In Hellenistic and Roman art the sun-god ...
any chemical compound of the element carbon and one or more of the halogens (bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine); two important subclasses of halocarbons are the chlorocarbons, containing only carbon and ...
vertical zone in the oceanic water column in which salinity changes rapidly with depth, located below the well-mixed, uniformly saline surface water layer. Especially well developed haloclines occur in the ...
any of the five nonmetallic elements that comprise Group VIIa of the periodic table (see ). The halogen elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine ...
the generic and common name for a poisonous annual weed, belonging to the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), native to southwestern Siberia and northwestern China. Halogeton glomeratus, introduced into Nevada about 1930, ...
chemical compound used in fire fighting. A halon may be any of a group of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, most of which are derived from methane or ethane by replacing some ...
the water milfoil order of dicotyledonous flowering plants comprising two families and seven genera of remarkably diverse aquatic and terrestrial herbs distributed throughout the world.
nonflammable, volatile, liquid drug introduced into medicine in the 1950s and used as a general anesthetic. Halothane rapidly achieved acceptance and became the most frequently used of the potent anesthetics, ...
a sulfate mineral containing aluminum and iron [FeAl2(SO4)4·22H2O]. If more than 50 percent of the iron has been replaced by magnesium, the mineral is called pickeringite. These minerals are usually ...
town, northern Tunisia, an outport for Tunis. Located on a sandbar between Lake Tunis and the Gulf of Tunis, it is linked to the capital by a canal 7 miles ...
great 17th-century portraitist of the Dutch bourgeoisie of Haarlem, where he spent practically all his life. Hals evolved a technique that was close to impressionism in its looseness, and he ...
U.S. naval commander who led vigorous campaigns in the Pacific theatre during World War II. He was a leading exponent of warfare using carrier-based aircraft and became known for his ...
greatly abbreviated runic alphabet, found mainly in inscriptions dating from the 10th to the 12th century in the Halsingland region of Sweden. Probably developed near Lake Malar, the runes seem ...
landskap (province), east-central Sweden, in the southern part of Norrland region. It is bounded on the east by the Gulf of Bothnia, on the south by the landskap of Gastrikland, ...
a Balto-Finnic domestic spirit who oversees the household and protects it from harm. The word haltia is derived from the Germanic haldiaz, originally from Gothic haldan referring to the ruler ...
highest mountain in Finland, at the extreme northwestern tip of Finnish Lapland on the Norwegian border, rising to 4,357 feet (1,328 m). The peak is located in Finland's only true ...
unitary authority, geographic county of Cheshire, England. The unitary authority comprises Widnes and surrounding suburban areas, on the north shore of the River Mersey in the historic county of Lancashire, ...
any of several confections of Balkan and eastern Mediterranean origin, made with honey, flour, butter, and sesame seeds or semolina, pressed into loaf form or cut into squares. Halvah is ...
extinct genus of corals found as fossils in marine rocks from the Late Ordovician Period to the end of the Silurian Period (458 to 408 million years ago). Halysites is ...
the rear leg of a hog prepared as food, either fresh or preserved through a curing process that involves salting, smoking, or drying. The two hams constitute about 18-20 percent ...
Japanese ceramist who revitalized pottery making in Mashiko, where ceramic arts had flourished in ancient times. Hamada was designated a Living National Treasure by the Japanese government in 1955.
city, west-central Iran, at the northeastern foot of Mount Alvand (11,716 feet [3,571 metres]), in Hamadan ostan (province). Itself at an elevation of 6,158 feet (1,877 metres), ...
any of several handwoven floor coverings of considerable variety, made in the district surrounding the ancient city of Hamadan (Ecbatana) in western Iran and brought there for marketing. Several generations ...
large, powerful monkey of the plains and open-rock areas of the Red Sea coast, both in Africa (Eritrea, The Sudan) and on the opposite coast in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. ...
city, central Syria, on the banks of the Orontes River. It was an important prehistoric settlement, becoming the kingdom of Hamath under the Aramaeans in the 11th century BC. It ...
city, Shizuoka ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies on the west bank of the Tenryu River, northeast of Hamamatsu. Hamakita's cotton industry began in the late 19th century, and the ...
Finnish Nordic skier who was Finland's foremost female competitor in the sport. She captured three Olympic gold medals and a bronze at the 1984 Games in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia (now in ...
city, Shizuoka ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies on the Pacific coast, midway between Tokyo and Kyoto. A leading industrial centre with strong economic ties to Nagoya, it is noted ...
the witch hazel family of the order Hamamelidales, comprising 23 genera of shrubs and trees native to both tropical and warm temperate regions. It includes mildly popular ornamentals such as ...
subclass of woody or herbaceous plants, the smallest of the six subclasses of the class Magnoliopsida. Among its members are the witch hazel family (Hamamelidaceae), the hemp family (Cannabaceae), the ...
order of woody flowering plants, belonging to the class known as dicotyledon (characterized by the presence of two seed leaves). Its three families are composed of 30 genera and 150 ...
German Protestant thinker, fideist, and friend of the philosopher Immanuel Kant. His distrust of reason led him to conclude that a childlike faith in God was the only solution to ...
town, seat of Hedmark fylke (county), southeastern Norway. Hamar lies on the eastern shore of Mjosa (the largest lake in the country). It was founded in 1152 by Nicholas Breakspear, ...
benign tumourlike growth made up of normal mature cells in abnormal number or distribution. While malignant tumours contain poorly differentiated cells, hamartomas consist of distinct cell types retaining normal functions. ...
militant Palestinian Islamic movement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip that is dedicated to the destruction of Israel and the creation of an Islamic state in Palestine. Founded in ...
an Arabic anthology compiled by the poet Abu Tammam in the 9th century. It is so called from the title of its first book, which contains poems descriptive of fortitude ...
district, administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England. It includes part of the Cleveland Hills, whose southern extension is known as the Hambleton Hills, from which the ...
(foaled 1849), American harness racehorse (Standardbred) that was the ancestor of most present-day harness racers. The thrice inbred great-grandson of Messenger (foundation sire of the breed of Standardbreds), he was ...
annual American race for three-year-old trotters, one of harness racing's most widely known events. The Hambletonian was first held in 1926 at Syracuse, N.Y. It was later moved to Goshen, ...
art gallery in Hamburg, founded in 1850, with paintings and sculptures of all periods, drawings (notably by German Romantics), prints, coins, and medals. The collection of paintings is strongest in ...
ground beef. The term is applied variously to (1) a patty of ground beef, sometimes called hamburg steak, Salisbury steak, or Vienna steak, (2) a sandwich consisting of a patty ...
