| | - Hochelaga
- (from the article "Montreal") The site of Montreal was called Hochelaga by the Huron Indians when Jacques Cartier, a French navigator and explorer, visited it in 1535-36 on his second voyage to the New ...
- Hochelaga Archipelago
- (from the article "Montreal") ...is the second most populous metropolitan area of Canada. The present city proper occupies about three-fourths of Montreal Island (Ile de Montreal), the largest of the 234 islands of the ...
- Hochgolling
- (from the article "Niedere Tauern") ...Austria; lying between the Enns and Mur rivers, it extends 75 miles (120 km) westward to the headstreams of the two rivers. The scenic, well-forested mountains rise to their highest ...
- Hochhuth, Rolf
- (from the article "Fact, Theatre of") German dramatic movement that arose during the early 1960s, associated primarily with Rolf Hochhuth, Peter Weiss, and Heinar Kipphardt. Their political plays examined recent historical events, often through official documents ...
- Hochmichele barrow
- (from the article "Heuneburg") Outside the hill-fort were a number of princely graves, including the Hochmichele barrow, which dates from the 6th century BC and is noted for its wagon grave, located in a ...
- Hochrhein
- (from the article "Rhine River") ...section the Rhine has been straightened and the banks reinforced to prevent flooding. The Rhine leaves the lake via its Untersee arm. From there to its bend at Basel, the ...
- Hochst
- (from the article "Melchior, Johann Peter") modeller in porcelain, best known of the artists associated with the great German porcelain factory at Hochst. As a child he showed an interest in drawing, painting, and sculpture, and ...
- Hochzeitsturm
- (from the article "Olbrich, Joseph") ...Louis. He designed six of the houses there, as well as a central hall for meetings and studios, which shows the influence of the Scottish architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh. He ...
- hocket
- in medieval polyphonic (multipart) music, the device of alternating between parts, single notes, or groups of notes. The result is a more or less continuous flow with one voice resting ... [2 Related Articles]
- hocking
- (from the article "Hocktide play") ...defeated and led away as captives by English women. This was meant to represent the massacre of the Danes by King Ethelred in 1002, although some scholars believe that the ...
- Hocking, William Ernest
- (from the article "Idealism") ...type, so called because it was founded by one of America's most distinguished philosophers, the absolute Idealist and personal pantheist Josiah Royce (1855-1916), and developed by his disciple W.E. Hocking ...
- Hockney, David
- English painter, draftsman, printmaker, photographer, and stage designer whose works are characterized by economy of technique, a preoccupation with light, and a frank, mundane realism derived from Pop art and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hocktide play
- a folk play formerly given at Coventry, Eng., on Hock Tuesday (the second Tuesday after Easter). The play was suppressed at the Protestant Reformation because of disorders attendant on it ...
- Hod
- (from the article "Balder") ...favourite of the gods. Most legends about him concern his death. Icelandic stories tell how the gods amused themselves by throwing objects at him, knowing that he was immune from ...
- hodegetria
- (from the article "Madonna") ...and the congregation. The major types of the Madonna in Byzantine art are the nikopoia ("bringer of victory"), an extremely regal image of the Madonna and Child enthroned; the hodegetria ...
- Hodes, Art
- American jazz and blues pianist known for the emotional commitment of his playing. He is regarded by many critics as the greatest white blues pianist, and he was also a ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hodesh, ha-
- (from the article "Sabbath") ...Sabbath precedes the festival of Purim. On Para ("red heifer"), Numbers 19:1-22 admonishes the Jews to be ritually pure for the approaching festival of Passover (Pesah). Ha-Hodesh ("the month") falls ...
- Hodge, Albion
- (from the article "Dependent States") ...had pleaded guilty in exchange for a lighter jail term. Former BVI budget coordinator Bevis Sylvester, former director of the Telephone Services Management Unit Berton Smith, and businessman Albion Hodge, ...
- Hodge, Charles
- conservative American biblical scholar and a leader of the "Princeton School" of Reformed, or Calvinist, theology. [1 Related Articles]
- Hodge, John R.
- (from the article "international relations") ...1910, on either side of the 38th parallel. In North Korea indigenous Marxists under Kim Il-sung took control with Soviet assistance and began to organize a totalitarian state. In South ...
- Hodgenville
- city, seat (1843) of Larue county, central Kentucky, U.S. It lies along the Nolin River just southeast of Elizabethtown. The area was settled in 1789 by Robert Hodgen, who moved ...
- Hodges, C. Walter
- (from the article "children's literature") ...the rusty tradition of Marryat and George Alfred Henty. Some of its foremost representatives were Cynthia Harnett, Serraillier, Barbara Leonie Picard, Ronald Welch (pseudonym of Ronald O. Felton), C. Walter ...
- Hodges, Courtney Hicks
- American army officer who led the First Army across western Europe in 1944-45 during World War II. [1 Related Articles]
- Hodges, Johnny
- American jazz saxophonist who was a featured soloist in Duke Ellington's orchestra. Renowned for the beauty of his tone and his mastery of ballads, Hodges was among the most influential ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hodgins, Jack
- (from the article "Canadian literature") ...confronting women in innovative short stories (Real Mothers [1981]) and novels (Intertidal Life, 1984; Graven Images, 1993; Isobel Gunn, 1999). Jack Hodgins maps a surreal island world in The Invention ...
- Hodgkin disease
- an uncommon cancer of the lymphatic system (malignant lymphoma) that usually strikes young adults and people 55 years of age or older. Most patients can be cured if the disease ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot
- English chemist whose determination of the structure of penicillin and vitamin B12 brought her the 1964 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. [1 Related Articles]
- Hodgkin, Sir Alan
- English physiologist and biophysicist, who received (with Andrew Fielding Huxley and Sir John Eccles) the 1963 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the chemical processes responsible ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hodgkin, Thomas
- English physician who early described (1832) the malignant disease of lymph tissue that bears his name. [1 Related Articles]
- Hodgson, George
- Canadian swimmer who won two gold medals at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm and set several world records. Hodgson was undefeated in three years of international swimming competition. His ...
- Hodgson, Ralph
- poet noted for simple and mystical lyrics that express a love of nature and a concern for modern man's progressive alienation from it.
- Hodh Basin
- (from the article "Mauritania") In the southeast the vast Hodh Basin, with its dunes, sandstone plateaus, and immense regs, is a major livestock-raising region, the economy of which has many links with neighbouring Mali.
- Hodler, Ferdinand
- one of the most important Swiss painters of the late 19th and early 20th century.
- Hodler, Marc
- Swiss lawyer and sports administrator (b. Oct. 26, 1918, Bern, Switz.-d. Oct. 18, 2006, Bern), blew the whistle in 1998 on Olympic officials from Salt Lake City, Utah, and other ...
- Hodna, Chott el-
- shallow saline lake in north-central Algeria. It is separated from the Tell Atlas to the north by the Hodna Mountains. The lake occupies the bottom of an arid depression (elevation ...
- hodonymy
- (from the article "name") ...is the understanding of the term toponymy, then the uninhabited places (e.g., fields, small parts of forests) are called microtoponymy; names of streets, roads, and the like are called hodonymy; ...
- Hodson, William Stephen Raikes
- British cavalry leader in India, whose reputation was clouded by charges of fraud and mistreatment.
- Hodur, Francis
- (from the article "Polish National Catholic Church of America") In 1896-97 members of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary Parish in Scranton, Pa., founded an independent parish under the leadership of their former curate, Reverend Francis Hodur. They ...
- Hodza, Milan
- (from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...Slovak autonomy were counterbalanced by other parties seeking closer contacts with the corresponding Czech groups; the most significant contribution to that effort was made by the Agrarians under Milan Hodza ...
- hoe
- one of the oldest tools of agriculture, a digging implement consisting of a blade set at right angles to a long handle. The blade of the modern hoe is metal ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hoe, Richard March
- American inventor who developed and manufactured the first successful rotary printing press. [2 Related Articles]
- Hoe, Robert
- American printing-press manufacturer who, as head (1823-33) of R. Hoe and Company, bought (1827) and improved Samuel Rust's patent for a wrought-iron framed printing press and successfully manufactured it as ...
- hoecake
- (from the article "cornbread") There are numerous regional variations of cornbread. The simplest are hoecakes, a mixture of cornmeal, water, and salt, so named because they were originally baked on the flat of a ...
- Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
- former German chemical concern founded in 1863 in the Hochst quarter of Frankfurt am Main. Originally a producer of dyestuffs, it had become, by the late 20th century, one of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hoefer, J. C. F.
- (from the article "encyclopaedia") ...philologist Johann Cristoph Adelung and others and is still of value today. The field of international biography is not a simple one to tackle, and there were only two further ...
- Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove
- Danish statesman who was a powerful minister during the reign of the mentally unstable king Christian VII.
- Hoek van Holland
- (from the article "harbours and sea works") ...salt line had reached alarming proportions as a result of the improvement in the navigational approaches to the port, effected by the construction of the channel known as the New ...
- Hoel, Halvor
- peasant agitator who influenced peasant opinion against Norway's early 19th-century political leaders.
- Hoel, Sigurd
- novelist who is considered most representative of the interwar generation of fiction writers in Norway. He was the first Norwegian writer of fiction to be directly influenced by psychoanalysis.
- Hoem, Edvard
- (from the article "Literature") ...the sacrifices that a person makes in life in pursuit of his or her art. Roy Jacobsen's Hoggerne portrayed a Finnish village fool turned heroic leader during the Russo-Finnish Winter ...
- Hoenir
- (from the article "Vanir") ...satisfaction or equal status. Declaring war instead, the Aesir suffered numerous defeats before granting equality. The Vanir sent their gods Njord and Freyr to live with the Aesir and received ...
- Hoerni, Jean
- (from the article "Noyce, Robert") In 1958 Jean Hoerni, another Fairchild Semiconductor founder, engineered a process to place a layer of silicon oxide on top of transistors, sealing out dirt, dust, and other contaminants. For ...
- Hoess, Rudolf Franz
- German soldier and Nazi partisan who served as commandant of the Auschwitz extermination camp (1940-45), during a period when as many as 1,000,000 to 2,500,000 inmates perished there. [1 Related Articles]
- Hoevell, Wolter Robert, Baron van
- statesman and member of the Dutch Parliament who was largely responsible for ending the exploitive colonial Culture System, which extracted wealth from the Dutch East Indies from 1830 to about ...
- hof
- (from the article "Denmark") ...essential works appeared: a code of law and the Jordebog ("Land Book"), a cadastre, or land register. In addition, a parliament, the hof, was ...
- hof
- (from the article "Germanic religion and mythology") The word hof, commonly applied to temples in the literature of Iceland, seems to belong to the later rather than to the earlier period. A detailed description of a hof ...
- Hofbauer, Saint Clement Mary
- original name John Hofbauer patron saint of Vienna. [1 Related Articles]
- Hofburg
- (from the article "Vienna") The vast complex of the Imperial Palace, the Hofburg (or Burg), lies along the Ringstrasse. It consists of a number of buildings, of various periods and styles, enclosing several courtyards; ...
- Hofe, Julius von
- (from the article "fishing") ...and shark. Big-game fishing spread to the Atlantic, and catches of increasing size were made on relatively light tackle and line, especially after the invention of a reel with an ...
- Hofeditz, W.
- (from the article "radical") ...·CH3, also exist and play key roles as transient intermediates in many chemical reactions. The existence of the methyl radical was first demonstrated by Friedrich A. Paneth and W. Hofeditz ...
- Hofer, Andreas
- Tirolese patriot, military leader, and popular hero who fought Napoleonic France and Bavaria for two years (1809-10) in an attempt to keep his homeland under Austrian rule. [1 Related Articles]
- Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van 't
- Dutch physical chemist and first winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1901), for work on rates of chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium, and osmotic pressure. [6 Related Articles]
- Hoff, Katie
- (from the article "Swimming") ...of 59.58 sec (set in 2002) when she touched in 59.44 sec, half a stroke ahead of Manaudou. Coughlin also led off the American team's record-setting 4 ×200-m freestyle relay ...
- Hoff, Ted
- (from the article "computer") ...turned out to be a most valuable diversion. While specialized chips were effective at their given task, their small market made them expensive. Three Intel engineers-Federico Faggin, Marcian ("Ted") Hoff, ...
- Hoffa, James P.
- American labour leader elected general president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) in 1998 and son of former Teamsters president James R. Hoffa. [2 Related Articles]
- Hoffa, James R.
- American labour leader who served as president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters from 1957 to 1971, becoming one of the most controversial labour organizers of his time. [2 Related Articles]
- Hoffa, Portland
- (from the article "Allen, Fred") ...to comedy, and adopted his final stage name, Fred Allen, to honour the American Revolution hero Ethan Allen-who, he noted, was no longer using the name. He married a fellow ...
- Hoffa, Reese
- (from the article "Track and Field Sports (Athletics)") Shot putter Reese Hoffa, the 2006 world indoor champion, took the U.S.'s first gold medal in the meet's second final with three throws farther than defending champion teammate Adam Nelson ...
- Hoffer, Eric
- American longshoreman and philosopher whose writings on life, power, and social order brought him celebrity. [1 Related Articles]
- Hoffman's rat
- (from the article "rat") ...these hairs become longer toward the tip, which gives the tail a slightly tufted appearance. As with any large group of rodents, body size varies within the genus. Most species ...
- Hoffman, Abbie
- American political activist and founder of the Youth International Party (Yippies), who was known for his successful media events.
- Hoffman, Alice
- American novelist whose books about women in search of their identities mix realism and the supernatural.
- Hoffman, Bob
- (from the article "physical culture") ...more related to body training and shaping, especially as activities such as boxing, wrestling, gymnastics, and swimming became more specialized in the 1930s. Combining these two fitness strands was Bob ...
- Hoffman, Daniel
- American poet and educator whose verse is noted for its merging of history, myth, and personal experience. These concerns are also evident in his numerous critical studies.
- Hoffman, Dustin
- acclaimed American actor known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable types. Short in stature and not typically handsome, he helped to usher in a new Hollywood tradition of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hoffman, Malvina
- American sculptor, remembered for her portraiture and for her unique sculptural contribution to Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History.
- Hoffman, Paul G.
- American automobile-manufacturing executive who administered international assistance programs of the United States and the United Nations.
- Hoffman, Philip Seymour
- American actor known for scene-stealing work in supporting roles and for his Academy Award-winning portrayal of Truman Capote in Capote (2005). [2 Related Articles]
- Hoffman, Samuel Kurtz
- American propulsion engineer, who led U.S. efforts to develop rocket engines for space vehicles.
- Hoffman, Trevor
- (from the article "Baseball") ...first in the major leagues since Arizona's Randy Johnson authored a perfect game against Atlanta on May 18, 2004. The drought between no-hitters was, by one measure, the longest in ...
- Hoffmann von Fallersleben, August Heinrich
- German patriotic poet, philologist, and literary historian whose poem Deutschland, Deutschland uber alles was adopted as the German national anthem after World War I. (See Deutschlandlied.) His ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
- (from the article "sloth") ...Choloepus. Linnaeus' two-toed sloth (C. didactylus) lives in northern South America east of the Andes and south to the central Amazon basin. Hoffmann's two-toed ...
- Hoffmann, Christoph
- (from the article "Christianity") ...same influence holds true for the emigration of German revivalists of the 18th and early 19th centuries to Russia and Palestine. The "Friends of the Temple"-Swabians who went with Christoph ...
- Hoffmann, E.T.A.
- German writer, composer, and painter known for his stories in which supernatural and sinister characters move in and out of men's lives, ironically revealing tragic or grotesque sides of human ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hoffmann, Erich
- (from the article "Schaudinn, Fritz") German zoologist who, with the dermatologist Erich Hoffmann, in 1905 discovered the causal organism of syphilis, Spirochaeta pallida, later called Treponema pallidum. He is known for his work in the ...
- Hoffmann, Heinrich
- German physician and writer who is best known for his creation of Struwwelpeter ("Slovenly Peter"), a boy whose wild appearance is matched by his naughty behaviour. Peter appeared in Lustige ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hoffmann, Josef
- German architect whose work was important in the early development of modern architecture in Europe. [3 Related Articles]
- Hoffmann, Max
- German officer who was primarily responsible for several striking German victories on the Eastern Front in World War I. [1 Related Articles]
- Hoffmann, Roald
- Polish-born American chemist, corecipient, with Fukui Kenichi of Japan, of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1981 for their independent investigations of the mechanisms of chemical reactions. [1 Related Articles]
- Hofgericht
- (from the article "Reichskammergericht") From the early Middle Ages, the Holy Roman Empire's supreme court had been the Hofgericht, in which the emperor presided and a body of assessors sat in judgment. The Hofgericht ...
- hofische Dorfpoesie
- (from the article "Neidhart von Reuenthal") late medieval German knightly poet who, in the period of the decline of the courtly love lyric, introduced a new genre called hofische Dorfpoesie ("courtly village poetry"). ...
- Hofkirche
- (from the article "Lucerne") ...medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque houses. Notable buildings are the old town hall (1602-06), housing the historical museum; Am Rhyn House (1617); St. Peter's Chapel (1178; altered 1750); the Hofkirche (an ...
- Hoflehner, Rudolf
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...carver Fritz Wotruba is characteristic of this phase. Joannis Avramidis, also working in Vienna, turned figures into clusters of simplified formal echoes; the third sculptor of the Viennese group, Rudolf ...
- Hofmann degradation
- (from the article "amine") Prominent among rearrangement reactions is the Hofmann reaction, in which an amide is treated with chlorine or bromine and an aqueous alkali (base).
- Hofmann, Albert
- Swiss chemist discovered the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which he first synthesized in 1938 by isolating compounds found in the fungus ergot. Hofmann's initial discovery was set aside ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hofmann, August Wilhelm von
- German chemist whose research on aniline, with that of Sir William Henry Perkin, helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry. [2 Related Articles]
- Hofmann, Gert
- German novelist who examined morality and the resonances of Nazism in postwar Germany.
- Hofmann, Hans
- German painter who was one of the most influential art teachers of the 20th century. He was a pioneer in experimenting in the use of improvisatory techniques; his work opened ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hofmann, Josef Casimir
- Polish-born American pianist, especially noted for his glittering performances of the music of Frederic Chopin.
- Hofmann, Melchior
- German mystic and lay preacher noted for contributing a zealous eschatology to the religious doctrine of the Anabaptists, a Reformation movement that advocated adult baptism. [1 Related Articles]
- Hofmannsthal, Hugo von
- Austrian poet, dramatist, and essayist. He made his reputation with his lyrical poems and plays and became internationally famous for his collaboration with the German operatic composer Richard Strauss. [4 Related Articles]
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