| | - herbivore
- animal adapted to subsist solely on plant tissues. The herbivores range from insects (such as aphids) to large mammals (such as elephants). [10 Related Articles]
- Herblock
- American editorial cartoonist who won Pulitzer Prizes in 1942, 1954, and 1979. [2 Related Articles]
- Herbrand, Jacques
- (from the article "metalogic") Soon afterward, in 1934, Godel modified a suggestion that had been offered by Jacques Herbrand, a French mathematician, and introduced a general concept of recursive functions-i.e., of functions mechanically computable ...
- herceg
- (from the article "Bosnia and Herzegovina") ...death. The nobleman Stefan Vukcic also engaged in tactical alliances against the Bosnian rulers, establishing his own rule over the territory of Hum and giving himself the title herceg (duke), ...
- Hercegnovi
- (from the article "Kotor, Gulf of") ...town in the 3rd century BC before being taken by the Romans. There are remains of many Roman villas and other buildings in the area of the gulf. At the ...
- Herceptin
- (from the article "Health and Disease") ...were called "revolutionary," "simply stunning," and "truly life-saving results in a major disease." The studies found that the cancer drug trastuzumab (Herceptin) dramatically reduced the chances of cancer recurrence in ...
- Hercolani, Giuliantonio
- (from the article "calligraphy") ...engraved Italian writing book, Essemplare utile di tutte le sorti di l're cancellaresche correntissime (1571; "Useful Examples of All the Sorts of Cursive Chancery") by Giuliantonio Hercolani. This copybook is ...
- Herculaneum
- ancient city of 4,000-5,000 inhabitants in Campania, Italy. It lay 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Naples, at the western base of Mount Vesuvius, and was destroyed-together with Pompeii, Torre ... [5 Related Articles]
- Herculano, Alexandre
- historian, novelist, and poet, one of the writers who is credited with introducing Romanticism to Portugal. As a historian he was a leader of liberal opinion, enjoying a national prestige ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hercules beetle
- (from the article "rhinoceros beetle") Some species, such as the Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules), can grow to over 18 cm (7 inches) long, of which 10 cm (4 inches) may be horn. The Hercules beetle ...
- Hercules knot
- (from the article "jewelry") Also worthy of high consideration are the magnificent diadems that came into wide use as a result of the Persian conquests made by Alexander the Great. One type is a ...
- hercules moth
- (from the article "saturniid moth") ...wings that are often vividly coloured and patterned. Most species have a central eyespot marking each wing. The wingspan of most North American species does not exceed 15 cm (6 ...
- Hercules'-club
- (from the article "Zanthoxylum") ...prickly ash, or toothache tree (Z. americanum), is very hardy, appearing as far north as Quebec. Another well-known cultivated species is Z. clava-herculis, variously called the Hercules'-club, the sea ash, ...
- Hercules, Pillars of
- (from the article "Gibraltar, Strait of") ...Point Cires (Morocco). The strait's western extreme is 27 miles (43 km) wide between the capes of Trafalgar (north) and Spartel (south), and the eastern extreme is 14 miles (23 ...
- Hercules, Tower of
- probably the only ancient Roman lighthouse still in use, located in the city of A Coruna, Spain, on a peninsula in Coruna Bay. A Phoenician tower may have occupied the ...
- Herculii dynasty
- (from the article "ancient Rome") ...Diocletian, together with his Caesar Galerius, formed the "Jovii" dynasty, whereas Maximian and Constantius, claiming descent from the mythical hero Hercules, formed the "Herculii." This "Epiphany of the Tetrarchs" served ...
- Hercynian orogenic belt
- series of mountain ranges that developed during the Devonian Period (which occurred about 416 million to 359 million years ago) and the subsequent Carboniferous Period (which ended about 299 million ... [7 Related Articles]
- Hercynian orogeny
- (from the article "Carboniferous Period") By Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) times, plate movements had brought most of Laurussia into contact with Gondwana and closed the Tethys. Laurussia and Gondwana became fused by the Appalachian-Hercynian orogeny (mountain-building ...
- hercynite
- (from the article "hercynite") the mineral iron aluminum oxide, a member of the spinel (q.v.) series.spinelspinel...spinels are harder, more transparent, and less dense th
- Herczeg, Ferenc
- novelist and playwright, the leading literary exponent of conservative-nationalist opinion in early 20th-century Hungary.
- Herczeg, Geza
- (from the article "1937: Other Winners") Screenplay: Heinz Herald, Geza Herczeg, Norman Reilly Raine for The Life of Emile ZolaOriginal Story: William A. Wellman and Robert Carson for A Star Is BornCinematography: Karl Freund for The ...
- herd
- (from the article "social behaviour in animals") Mammals often form herds or packs. Many herds are more structured than bird societies, simply because many mammal groups are combined families plus males. Huge migratory herds of wildebeest and ...
- herd immunity
- (from the article "epidemic") ...not result in a new epidemic. Since the parasite population cannot reproduce itself in such a host population, the host population as a whole is immune to the epidemic disease, ...
- herdbook
- official record of individuals and pedigrees of a recognized breed of livestock, especially cattle or swine. When development of purebred livestock for use in breeding began in Britain in the ...
- Herder, Benjamin
- (from the article "encyclopaedia") ...siecle (1865-90; "Great Universal Dictionary of the 19th Century"), one of the most influential of the century, was deliberately anticlerical in policy. And Johann Gottfried von Herder, in the heart ...
- Herder, Johann Gottfried von
- German critic, theologian, and philosopher, who was the leading figure of the Sturm und Drang literary movement and an innovator in the philosophy of history and culture. His influence, augmented ... [14 Related Articles]
- herding breed
- (from the article "Dog breeds and their places of origin") The Herding breeds are livestock-oriented, although they are versatile in protecting and serving humans in other ways. Herding breeds are intelligent and lively, making fine family pets or obedience competitors. ...
- Herdman, Sir William Abbott
- oceanographer and a specialist on the marine organisms Tunicata.
- Here de Corny, Emmanuel
- French court architect to Stanislaw Leszczynski, duke of Lorraine, best known for laying out the town centre of Nancy, a principal example of urban design in the 18th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Herean festival
- (from the article "Olympic Games") ...and young women did practice and compete locally. But, apart from Sparta, contests for young Greek women were very rare and probably limited to an annual local footrace. At Olympia, ...
- Heredia
- city, central Costa Rica, in the Valle Central, 3,729 feet (1,137 metres) above sea level, just northwest of San Jose, the national capital, via the Inter-American Highway. Probably founded in ...
- Heredia, Jose Maria de
- Cuban-born French poet, brilliant master of the sonnet. [3 Related Articles]
- Heredia, Pedro de
- (from the article "Colombia") ...Manzanilla in Panama, and by Francisco Pizarro, who sailed the Pacific coast in 1525. The actual conquest of Colombia began in 1525 when Bastidas founded Santa Marta on the north ...
- hereditary disease
- (from the article "connective tissue disease") Hereditary disorders of connective tissue are a heterogeneous group of generalized single-gene-determined disorders that affect one or another of the primary elements of the connective tissues (collagen, elastin, or ground ...
- hereditary elliptocytosis
- (from the article "childhood disease and disorder") Hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis cause hemolytic anemia because of abnormalities in the structure of the red blood cell. A number of abnormalities in red-blood-cell enzymes also can lead to ...
- hereditary fructose intolerance
- (from the article "metabolic disease") Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is caused by a deficiency of the liver enzyme fructose-1-phosphate aldolase. Symptoms of HFI appear after the ingestion of fructose and thus present later in life ...
- hereditary methemoglobinemia
- (from the article "methemoglobinemia") ...with oxygen; methemoglobin contains the oxidized form of iron and is useless for oxygen transport. Normally, various organic catalysts or enzymes are active in keeping the iron in the reduced ...
- hereditary motor neuropathy
- (from the article "nervous system disease") Hereditary motor neuropathies (also known as spinal muscular atrophies and as Werdnig-Hoffman or Kugelberg-Welander diseases) are a diverse group of genetic disorders in which signs of ventral-horn disease occur in ...
- hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
- (from the article "cancer") Defects in two mismatch repair genes, called MSH2 and MLH1, underlie one of the most common syndromes of inherited cancer susceptibility, hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. This form ...
- hereditary spherocytosis
- congenital blood disorder characterized by an enlarged spleen, spherical (rather than disk-shaped) red blood cells of variable size and increased fragility of cell membrane, and a chronic, mild hemolytic anemia ... [2 Related Articles]
- heredity
- the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. The concept of heredity encompasses two seemingly paradoxical observations about organisms: the constancy ... [32 Related Articles]
- heredity
- (from the article "race") Inheritance as the basis of individual social position is an ancient tenet of human history, extending to some point after the beginnings of agriculture (about 10,000 BCE). Expressions of it ...
- heredity versus environment
- (from the article "genetic disease, human") Some of the most powerful experiments to dissect the "nature versus nurture" aspects of human intelligence and behaviour have involved studies of twins, both monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal). Cognitive ...
- Hereford
- city, unitary authority and historic county of Herefordshire, west-central England, on the River Wye.
- Hereford
- popular breed of beef cattle, the product of generations of breeding work on the part of landed proprietors and tenant farmers in the county of Herefordshire (now in Hereford and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hereford, earls of
- (from the article "Wales") The Norman Conquest of England saw the establishment upon the Welsh border of the three earldoms of Chester, Shrewsbury, and Hereford, and from each of these strongpoints advances were made ...
- Herefordshire
- unitary authority and historic county that covers a roughly circular area in the Welsh borderland of England. The historic county includes three small areas outside the unitary authority. One, just ...
- Hereke carpet
- floor covering handwoven in imperial workshops founded late in the 19th century at Hereke, Turkey, about 40 miles (64 km) east of Istanbul. Large carpets and prayer rugs with pile ...
- Herelle, Felix d'
- French-Canadian microbiologist generally known as the discoverer of the bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria. (The earlier identification of the bacteriophage by the British microbiologist F.W. Twort in about 1915 ... [3 Related Articles]
- herem
- (from the article "Judaism") ...in Lithuania, where the traditional rabbinic class, under the leadership of Elijah ben Solomon, was able to stave off its influence by issuing a ban of excommunication (
- Herend
- (from the article "Veszprem") ...of the most-industrialized counties of Hungary until the 1980s, owing to its developed mining, chemical industry, and aluminum foundry, as well as the famed manufacturing of porcelain and china in ...
- Herero
- a group of closely related Bantu-speaking peoples of southwestern Africa. The Herero proper and a segment known as the Mbanderu inhabit parts of central Namibia and Botswana; other related groups, ... [13 Related Articles]
- Hereroland
- geographic region of eastern Namibia, encompassing part of the western Kalahari (desert) and bordering Botswana on the east.
- Heresbach, Conrad
- (from the article "agriculture, origins of") ...century, the advanced farming of the Netherlands penetrated into the north at the mouth of the Rhine and in Schleswig-Holstein. This is clear from one of the earliest printed books ...
- heresy
- a theological doctrine or system rejected as false by ecclesiastical authority. [17 Related Articles]
- heresy of paraphrase
- (from the article "aesthetics") A related paradox is sometimes referred to as the "heresy of paraphrase," the words being those of the U.S. literary critic Cleanth Brooks (The Well Wrought Urn, 1949). The heresy ...
- Hereward the Wake
- Anglo-Saxon rebel against William the Conqueror and the hero of many Norman and English legends. He is associated with a region in present-day Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire.
- Herford, Oliver
- (from the article "caricature and cartoon") In the United States an older generation of humorists somewhat of the upper-class Punch style lingered briefly after World War I. Of such were Oliver Herford, whose Alphabet of Celebrities ...
- Herge
- Belgian cartoonist who created the comic strip hero Tintin, a teenage journalist. Over the next 50 years, Tintin's adventures filled 23 albums and sold 70 million copies in some 30 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hergenrother, Joseph
- German theologian and church historian who, at the first Vatican Council (1869-70), was one of the leading exponents of papal infallibility, the Roman Catholic doctrine that the pope, under certain ...
- Hergesheimer, Joseph
- American author whose novels are typically concerned with the decadent and sophisticated milieu of the very wealthy.
- Heribert Of Antimiano
- archbishop of Milan who for two years led his city in defying the Holy Roman emperor Conrad II. During the Risorgimento, the period of Italian unification in the 19th century, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Herihor
- ancient Egyptian army officer and high priest of Amon at Karnak (Thebes), who founded a dynasty of priest-kings that ruled southern Egypt when the country became disunited in the last ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hering, (Karl) Ewald (Konstantin)
- German physiologist and psychologist whose chief work concerned the physiology of colour perception. He taught at the University of Leipzig (1895), following professorships at the Josephs-Akademie, Vienna (1865-70), and at ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hering-Breuer reflex
- (from the article "Breuer, Josef") Breuer's earlier work dealt with the respiratory cycle, and in 1868 he described the Hering-Breuer reflex involved in the sensory control of inhalations and exhalations in normal breathing. In 1873 ...
- heriot
- in European feudal society, the right of the lord to seize his tenant's best beast or other chattel on the tenant's death. The right grew out of the custom under ...
- Heriot-Watt University
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...divinity at New College; arts and humanities at George Square; science and engineering at King's Buildings, some 2 miles (3 km) to the south; and medicine at the new hospital ...
- Herisau
- capital, Appenzell Ausser-Rhoden Halbkanton (demicanton) northeastern Switzerland. It lies along on the Glatt River, just southwest of Sankt Gallen. Its Church of St. Laurence was mentioned in the 10th century, ...
- heritability
- (from the article "Some heritability estimates") Although hereditary diseases and malformations are, unfortunately, by no means uncommon in the aggregate, no one of them occurs very frequently. The characteristics by which one person is distinguished from ...
- heritability estimate
- (from the article "Some heritability estimates") It is important to understand clearly the meaning of heritability estimates. They show that, given the range of the environments in which the experimental animals lived, one could predict the ...
- Heritage Council
- (from the article "New South Wales") ...at Sydney Cove in 1788 reinforced a concern with things past. There is a strong movement for historical preservation, served by the private National Trust of Australia (NSW) and by ...
- Heritage Day
- Canadian holiday celebrating the country's history and architecture. Heritage Day is not an official national holiday, though it is widely recognized throughout Canada. For most of Canada's provinces, Heritage Day ...
- Heriz carpet
- floor covering handmade in any of a group of villages near the town of Heris, lying east of Tabriz in northwest Iran. Heriz carpets-primarily room-sized, stout, serviceable, and attractive-have found ...
- Herkimer
- county, central New York state, U.S. The northern arm of the county lies in the Adirondack Mountains, while the southern section consists of a hilly upland. The principal streams are ...
- Herkimer
- village, seat (1791) of Herkimer county, central New York, U.S., on the north bank of the Mohawk River, 14 miles (23 km) southeast of Utica. The site, settled about 1725 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Herkimer, Nicholas
- American general during the American Revolution who led American militiamen in the Battle of Oriskany (August 6, 1777). [1 Related Articles]
- Herlihy, James Leo
- U.S. novelist, playwright, and actor (b. Feb. 27, 1927, Detroit, Mich.--d. Oct. 21, 1993, Los Angeles, Calif.), specialized in portraying troubled adolescents and characters living on the fringe of society ...
- Herling-Grudzinski, Gustaw
- Polish-born writer (b. May 20, 1919, Kielce, Pol.-d. July 4, 2000, Naples, Italy), wrote novels, short stories, diaries, and critical essays but was best known for Inny ...
- herm
- in Greek religion, sacred object of stone connected with the cult of Hermes, the fertility god. According to some scholars, Hermes' name may be derived from the word herma (Greek: ... [4 Related Articles]
- Herman De Valenciennes
- French poet known for a scriptural poem that was very popular in his time. Born at Valenciennes, he became a priest and wrote the Histoire de la Bible (after 1189), ...
- Herman Miller, Inc.
- American furniture company known for innovations in design and in organizational management. [1 Related Articles]
- Herman's Herd
- (from the article "Herman, Woody") During the 1940s Herman's band, then known as Herman's Herd, was noted for its exuberance and technical brilliance. It had its own radio show, appeared in motion pictures (such as ...
- Herman, Saint
- (from the article "Eastern Orthodoxy") ...on the West Coast, as the extreme end of the Russian missionary expansion through Siberia (see above The church in imperial Russia). Russian monks settled on Kodiak Island in 1794. ...
- Herman, Woody
- American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, bandleader, and singer who was best known as the front man for a succession of bands he dubbed "herds." [1 Related Articles]
- hermandad
- (Spanish: "brotherhood"), in medieval Castile, any of a number of unions of municipalities organized for specific ends-normally for police purposes or for defense against the aggressions of magnates. They emerged ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hermann Balk
- (from the article "Teutonic Order") In 1233, led by the Landmeister (provincial leader) Hermann Balk and using an army of volunteer laymen recruited mainly from central Germany, the Teutonic Knights began the conquest of Prussia. ...
- Hermann I
- landgrave of Thuringia and count palatine of Saxony who helped defeat the Hohenstaufen emperor Henry VI's attempt to transform the German kingdom from an elective into a hereditary monarchy. [1 Related Articles]
- Hermann of Salm
- (from the article "Germany") ...separated his southern German from his Saxon enemies, who could not unite long enough to destroy him. With the death in battle of Rudolf of Rheinfelden in 1080 and the ...
- Hermann Von Reichenau
- German chronicler, poet, composer, astronomer, and mathematician. A contemporary of the Holy Roman emperor Henry III, Hermann von Reichenau is historiographically important as a primary source for some events of ...
- Hermann Von Salza
- German grand master (Hochmeister), from 1210 to 1239, of the organization of German crusaders called the Teutonic Order. [2 Related Articles]
- Hermann, (Johann) Gottfried (Jakob)
- German classical scholar who led a school contending that the emphasis in classical philology should be on linguistic, rather than historico-antiquarian, research. His entire professional life was spent at the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hermann, Eduard
- German linguist who specialized in comparative studies of Indo-European languages and whose exhaustive linguistic exegesis of passages from Homer is a model of its kind: Sprachwissenschaftlicher Kommentar zu ausgewahlten Stucken ...
- Hermann, J. H.
- (from the article "planimeter") The first such instrument, employing a disk-and-wheel principle to integrate, was invented in 1814 by J.H. Hermann, a Bavarian engineer. Improved mechanisms were invented by the British mathematical physicist James ...
- Hermann, R.
- (from the article "cholera") Little is known about the treatment of cholera prior to its arrival in Europe. One of the early recorded advances was made by the chemist R. Hermann, a German working ...
- Hermanns Mountain
- (from the article "Vienna") Vienna reaches across the Danube on one side and climbs into the Vienna Woods on the other. There it includes the 1,585-foot (483-metre) Kahlen Mountain (Kahlenberg) and the 1,778-foot (542-metre) ...
- Hermannsdenkmal
- (from the article "Teutoburg Forest, Battle of the") ...discovery of the remains of a Roman army that was on the march has placed the battle near present-day Kalkriese, 10 miles (16 km) north of Osnabruck. The modern monument ...
- Hermans, Willem Frederik
- Dutch satirical novelist who vehemently attacked the ills and hypocrisies of society. [1 Related Articles]
- Hermantasena
- (from the article "Sena Dynasty") Indian dynasty ruling in Bengal in the 11th and 12th centuries. Their ancestors came from the south and established themselves as chieftains in southwestern Bengal early in the 11th century. ...
- Hermanubis
- (from the article "Anubis") ...first employed on the corpse of Osiris. In his later role as the "conductor of souls," he was sometimes identified by the Greco-Roman world with the Greek Hermes in the ...
- hermaphrodite caliper
- (from the article "caliper") A hermaphrodite caliper has one leg bent inward and one straight leg ending in a sharp point; this type of caliper is used for scribing lines at a specified distance ...
- hermaphroditism
- the condition of having both male and female reproductive organs. Hermaphroditic plants (most flowering plants) are called monoecious, or bisexual. Hermaphroditic animals, mostly invertebrates such as worms, bryozoans (moss animals), ... [36 Related Articles]
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