Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Shop

0-9

Honshu ... Hopkins, Pauline

Honshu: largest of the four main islands of Japan, lying between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It forms a northeast-southwest arc extending about 800 miles (1,287 ...
Hontheim, Johann Nikolaus von: historian and theologian who founded Febronianism, the German form of Gallicanism, which advocated the restriction of papal power.
Honthorst, Gerrit van: Dutch painter, a leading member of the Utrecht school influenced by the Italian painter Caravaggio.
Honwana, Luis Bernardo: journalist and one of Africa's outstanding short-story writers, who has been praised for poetic insight in his portrayal of village life in Mozambique.
Hooch, Pieter de: Dutch genre painter of the Delft school, noted for his interior scenes and use of light.
Hood River: city, seat (1908) of Hood River county, northern Oregon, U.S., on the Columbia River, there bridged to White Salmon, Washington, 60 miles (97 km) northeast of Portland. It lies at ...
Hood, John B: Confederate officer known as a fighting general during the American Civil War, whose vigorous defense of Atlanta failed to stem the advance of Gen. William T. Sherman's superior Federal forces ...
Hood, Mount: highest peak (11,239 feet [3,425 metres]) in Oregon, U.S., and the fourth highest peak in the Cascade Range, 45 miles (70 km) east-southeast of Portland. It is a dormant volcano ...
Hood, Raymond M: U.S. architect noted for his designs of skyscrapers in Chicago and New York City.
Hood, Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount: British admiral who served during the Seven Years' War and the American and the French Revolutionary wars.
Hood, Thomas: English poet whose humanitarian verses, such as "The Song of the Shirt," served as models for a whole school of social-protest poets, not only in Britain and the U.S. but ...
hooded seal: (Cystophora cristata), dark-faced seal of the family Phocidae, found in open waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. It is characterized by a large "hood" on the top of ...
hooded shrimp: any member of the order Cumacea (superorder Peracarida), a group of small, predominantly marine crustaceans immediately recognizable by their unusual body shape. The head and thorax are wide and rounded, ...
hoodmold: molding projecting from the face of the wall, immediately above an arch or opening whose curvature or outline it follows. The hoodmold, which originated during the Romanesque period to protect ...
Hooft, Gerardus 't: Dutch physicist, corecipient with Martinus J.G. Veltman of the 1999 Nobel Prize for Physics for their development of a mathematical model that enabled scientists to predict the properties of both ...
Hooft, Pieter Corneliszoon: Dutch dramatist and poet, regarded by many as the most brilliant representative of Dutch Renaissance literature. Hooft's prose style continued to provide a model into the 19th century.
Hooghly River: river in West Bengal state, northeastern India, an arm of the Ganges, providing access to Calcutta from the Bay of Bengal. It is formed by the junction of the Bhagirathi ...
Hooghly-Chinsura: town, Hooghly district, West Bengal state, northeastern India. The town lies just west of the Hooghly River and is a major road and rail connection. Rice milling and rubber-goods manufacture ...
Hook, Sidney: American educator and social philosopher who studied historical theory in relation to American philosophy. He was among the first U.S. scholars to analyze Marxism and was firmly opposed to all ...
Hook, Theodore Edward: prolific English playwright and novelist, the best-remembered of the fashionable novelists who, in the early 19th century, aimed to describe English society from the inside for those on the outside.
Hooke's law: law of elasticity discovered by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1660, which states that, for relatively small deformations of an object, the displacement or size of the deformation is ...
Hooke, Robert: English physicist who discovered the law of elasticity, known as Hooke's law, and who did research in a remarkable variety of fields.
Hooker, Isabella Beecher: American suffragist prominent in the fight for women's rights in the mid- to late 19th century.
Hooker, John Lee: American blues singer-guitarist, one of the most distinctive artists in the electric blues idiom.
Hooker, Joseph: Union general in the American Civil War (1861-65) who successfully reorganized the Army of the Potomac in early 1863 but who thereafter earned a seesaw reputation for defeat and victory ...
Hooker, Richard: theologian who created a distinctive Anglican theology and who was a master of English prose and legal philosophy. In his masterpiece, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiasticall Politie, ...
Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton: English botanist noted for his botanical travels and studies and for his encouragement of Charles Darwin and of Darwin's theories. The younger son of Sir William Jackson Hooker, he was ...
Hooker, Sir William Jackson: English botanist who was the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, near London. He greatly advanced the knowledge of ferns, algae, lichens, and fungi, as well as ...
Hooker, Thomas: prominent British American colonial clergyman and a founder of Hartford, sometimes called "the father of American democracy."
hooks, bell: American scholar whose work examined the varied perceptions of black women and black women writers and the development of feminist identities.
Hooks, Benjamin L.: American jurist, minister, and government official who was executive director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1977 to 1993.
hookworm disease: a parasitic infestation of humans, dogs, or cats caused by bloodsucking worms (see ) living in the small intestine-sometimes associated with secondary anemia. Several species of hookworm can cause the ...
hoop: circular toy adaptable to many games, children's and adults', probably the most ubiquitous of the world's toys, after the ball. The ancient Greeks advocated hoop rolling as a beneficial exercise ...
hoop skirt: garment with a frame of whalebone or of wicker or osier basketwork. Reminiscent of the farthingale (q.v.), the petticoat was reintroduced in England and France around 1710 and remained in ...
Hooper, Franklin Henry: U.S. editor in chief of Encyclopaedia Britannica from 1932 to 1938, brother of the Britannica's publisher Horace Everett Hooper.
Hooper, Horace Everett: U.S. publisher of Encyclopaedia Britannica from 1897 until his death, a master salesman and an innovator in publishing.
hoopoe: (Upupa epops), strikingly crested bird found from southern Europe and Africa to southeastern Asia, the sole member of the family Upupidae of the roller order, Coraciiformes. About 28 centimetres (11 ...
Hoorn: gemeente (commune), Noord-Holland provincie, northwestern Netherlands, on the IJsselmeer (lake). Founded about 1300 and chartered in 1357, it was the capital of medieval West Friesland. Its horn-shaped harbour (for which ...
Hoorne, Filips van Montmorency, Graaf van: (count of) stadholder of Gelderland and the Netherlands, admiral of Flanders, and member of the council of state of the Netherlands (1561-65), who sought to preserve the traditional rights and ...
Hoosac Tunnel: the first major rock tunnel built in the United States. The tunnel runs through Hoosac Mountain of the Berkshire Hills, east of North Adams, Mass., and was built to provide ...
Hooton, Earnest A.: American physical anthropologist who investigated human evolution and so-called racial differentiation, classified and described human populations, and examined the relationship between personality and physical type, particularly with respect to criminal ...
Hoover Commission: (1947-49, 1953-55), either of two temporary advisory bodies, both headed by the former president Herbert Hoover. They were appointed to find ways to reduce the number of federal government departments ...
Hoover Dam: dam in Black Canyon on the Colorado River, at the Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. Constructed between 1930 and 1936 and originally named Boulder Dam, it was renamed in 1947 to honour ...
Hoover, Herbert: 31st president of the United States (1929-33). Hoover's reputation as a humanitarian-earned during and after World War I as he rescued millions of Europeans from starvation-faded from public consciousness when ...
Hoover, J. Edgar: U.S. public official who, as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1924 until his death in 1972, built that agency into a highly effective, if occasionally controversial, ...
Hoover, Lou: American first lady (1929-33), the wife of Herbert Hoover, 31st president of the United States. A philanthropist who was active in wartime relief, she was also the first president's wife ...
hop: either of two species of the genus Humulus, nonwoody annual or perennial vines in the hemp family (Cannabinaceae) native to temperate North America, Eurasia, and South America. ...
hop tree: (species Ptelea trifoliata), tree, of the rue family (Rutaceae), native to eastern North America. It has small, greenish white flowers; strong-smelling leaves in groups of three leaflets; and buff-coloured, wafer-shaped, ...
hop-hornbeam: any of about seven species of ornamental trees constituting the genus Ostrya of the birch family (Betulaceae), native to Eurasia and North America. A hop-hornbeam has shaggy, scaling bark and ...
hopak: Ukrainian folk dance, once for men only but later danced by couples, male soloists, and mixed groups of dancers. In the western Ukraine, as the hopak-kolo, it is danced in ...
hope: in Christian thought, one of the three theological virtues, the others being faith and charity (love). It is distinct from the latter two because it is directed exclusively toward the ...
Hope: district municipality, southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It lies at the confluence of the Coquihalla and Fraser rivers in the forested Coast Mountains, near Mount Hope (6,000 feet [1,829 metres]), 90 ...
Hope: city, seat (1939) of Hempstead county, southwestern Arkansas, U.S., about 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Texarkana. It was founded in 1852 as a station on the Cairo and Fulton ...
Hope diamond: sapphire-blue gemstone from India, one of the largest blue diamonds known. It is thought to have been cut from a 112-carat stone brought to France by the jewel trader Jean-Baptiste ...
Hope Theatre: London playhouse that served as both a theatre and an arena for bearbaiting and bullbaiting, located on the Bankside in Southwark in what had been the Bear Garden. Philip Henslowe ...
Hope, A.D.: Australian poet who is best known for his elegies and satires.
Hope, Anthony: English author of cloak-and-sword romances, notably The Prisoner of Zenda.
Hope, Bob: British-born American entertainer and comic actor, known for his rapid-fire delivery of jokes and one-liners and for his success in virtually all entertainment media. He was also known for his ...
Hope, John: American educator and advocate of advanced liberal-arts instruction for blacks at a time when the opposing views of Booker T. Washington for technical training held sway. Hope became the president ...
Hope, Lugenia Burns: American social reformer whose Neighborhood Union and other community service organizations improved the quality of life for blacks in Atlanta, Ga., and served as a model for the future Civil ...
Hope, Thomas: English author and furniture designer who was a major exponent of the Regency style of English decorative arts.
Hope-Jones, Robert: British-American organ builder who introduced several innovations into electric-organ construction and influenced organ development in the United States.
Hopefield: town, Western Cape province, South Africa, north of Cape Town. The town was laid out in 1852 and was named for the two Cape Colony government officials who were responsible, ...
Hopeh: sheng (province) of northern China, located on the Po Hai (Gulf of Chihli) of the Yellow Sea. It is bounded on the northwest by China's Inner Mongolia ...
Hopewell: city, administratively independent of, but located in, Prince George county, southeastern Virginia, U.S. Hopewell is an inland port at the confluence of the James and Appomattox rivers, 23 miles (37 ...
Hopewell culture: the most notable ancient Indian culture of the east-central area of North America. It flourished from about 200 BC to AD 500 chiefly in what is now southern Ohio, with ...
Hopewell Culture National Historical Park: group of 24 cone-shaped ceremonial burial mounds of the Hopewell Indians, dating from between 200 BC and AD 500, in south-central Ohio, U.S. The mounds lie along the Scioto River, ...
Hopi: the westernmost group of Pueblo Indians (q.v.), situated in northeastern Arizona in the midst of the Navajo Reservation and on the edge of the Painted Desert. Formerly known also as ...
Hopi language: a North American Indian language of the Uto-Aztecan family, spoken by the Hopi people of northeastern Arizona. Hopi is of particular interest because of the way in which concepts of ...
Hopkins, Esek: first commodore of the United States Navy in the period of the American Revolution (1775-83).
Hopkins, Gerard Manley: English poet and Jesuit priest, one of the most individual of Victorian writers. His work was not published in collected form until 1918, but it influenced many leading 20th-century poets.
Hopkins, Harry L: U.S. New Deal Democratic administrator who personified the ideology of vast federal work programs to relieve unemployment in the 1930s; he continued as President Franklin D. Roosevelt's emissary and closest ...
Hopkins, Johns: U.S. millionaire merchant and investor who in his will left large endowments to found Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Hopkins, Mark: California capitalist who helped build the Central Pacific (later the Southern Pacific) Railroad and for whom San Francisco's Mark Hopkins Hotel atop Nob Hill was named.
Hopkins, Mark: American educator and theologian of whom U.S. President James A. Garfield, a former student, once declared, "I am not willing that this discussion should close without mention of the value ...
Hopkins, Pauline: African-American novelist, playwright, journalist, and editor. She was a pioneer in her use of traditional romance novels as a medium for exploring racial and social themes. Her work reflects the ...