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Holmes, William Henry ... Homestead
Holmes, William Henry
American archaeologist, artist, and museum director who helped to establish professional archaeology in the United States.
holmium
(Ho), chemical element, rare-earth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table, one of the most paramagnetic substances known. Among the least abundant of the rare-earth elements, holmium and ...
Holocaust
the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this ...
Holocaust remembrance days
international commemoration of the millions of victims of Nazi Germany's genocidal policies. The commemoration, observed on different days in different countries, often marks the victims' efforts at resistance and concentrates ...
Holocene Epoch
younger of the two epochs that comprise the Quaternary Period and the latest interval of geologic time, covering approximately the last 10,000 years of the Earth's history (see ). The ...
holography
means of creating a unique photographic image without the use of a lens. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram, which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern ...
Holomastigotoides
genus of large, pear-shaped zooflagellate protozoans; they are intestinal inhabitants of termites. The species H. tusitala, whose chromosomal behaviour during nuclear division has been studied, ranges from 130 to 200 ...
Holon
city, west-central Israel. It lies on the Plain of Sharon near the Mediterranean Sea, just south of Tel Aviv-Yafo. A part of the Tel Aviv-Yafo metropolitan area, Holon resulted from ...
holostean
any member of the subclass, or infraclass, Holostei, a group of archaic, bony fishes represented by the bowfin and the gar of North America. They are one of the three ...
Holroyd, Michael
British author and editor whose full-scale critical biographies of Lytton Strachey, Augustus John, and George Bernard Shaw are considered superb examples of the genre.
Holst, Gustav
English composer and music teacher noted for the excellence of his orchestration. His music combines an international flavour based on the styles of Maurice Ravel, Igor Stravinsky, and others with ...
Holste, Luc
classical scholar and Vatican librarian best known for his annotated editions of geographical works and whose Epistolae ad diversos (1817; "Letters to Various Persons") is a valuable source of information ...
Holstebro
city, Ringkobing amtskommune (county), western Jutland, Denmark, on the Stora (Big River), southwest of Viborg. It stands on the site of a prehistoric settlement that commanded a crossing of the ...
Holstein
historic and cultural region occupying the southern Jutland Peninsula between the Eider and Elbe rivers, now comprising the southern half of Schleswig-Holstein Land (state) in northern Germany. Holstein was created ...
Holstein Interglacial Stage
major division of Pleistocene deposits and time in Europe (the Pleistocene Epoch began about 1,600,000 years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago). The Holstein Interglacial followed the Elsterian Glacial ...
Holstein Sea
marine transgression during the Holstein Interglacial Stage of the Pleistocene Epoch (the Pleistocene began about 2,500,000 years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago). The Holstein Sea occupied the North ...
Holstein, Friedrich von
the most influential German foreign policymaker from 1890 to 1909, during the reign of Emperor William II (Kaiser Wilhelm II), after the departure of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. A member ...
Holstein-Friesian
breed of large dairy cattle originating in northern Holland and Friesland. Its chief characteristics are its large size and black and white spotted markings, sharply defined rather than blended. These ...
Holsteinsborg
town on the west central coast of Greenland, near the mouth of Amerloq Fjord. The Danish settled the site in 1764 and a church (still standing) was built in 1773. ...
Holston River
river formed by the junction of the North and South forks just west of Kingsport, eastern Tennessee, U.S. It flows southwest through the Great Appalachian Valley, joining the French Broad ...
Holt, Edwin B.
American psychologist and philosopher noted for his emphasis on the purposive character of knowing.
Holt, Harold
prime minister of Australia (1966-67) who supported U.S. policies in Vietnam and sponsored the visit to Australia of Lyndon B. Johnson, the first American president-in-office to travel there.
Holt, Winifred
American welfare worker whose steadfast efforts helped to increase understanding of the capabilities of blind people and to make vocational training available to them.
Holtei, Karl von
author who achieved success by his "vaudevilles," or ballad operas, and by his recitations.
Holty, Ludwig Heinrich Christoph
German poet who is considered the most gifted lyric poet of the Gottinger Hain, a group of young poets who saw themselves as heirs of the great lyric poet Friedrich ...
Holub, Emil
naturalist who travelled extensively in south central Africa gathering varied and valuable natural history collections that he distributed to museums and schools throughout Europe. In 1872 he went to South ...
Holub, Miroslav
Czech poet noted for his detached, lyrical reflections on humanist and scientific subjects.
Holum, Dianne
American speed skater who assisted in the revival of the sport in the United States in the late 1960s. In 1966, at age 14, she was the youngest person ever ...
Holy Alliance
a loose organization of most of the European sovereigns, formed in Paris on Sept. 26, 1815, by Alexander I of Russia, Francis I of Austria, and Frederick William III of ...
Holy Club
group of Oxford students led by John and Charles Wesley, whose methodical habits of study and devotion led to their being derisively called methodists. Organized by Charles Wesley, who soon ...
Holy Cross, College of the
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church. An undergraduate institution, Holy Cross offers a traditional ...
Holy Cross, Exaltation of the
liturgical feast celebrated on September 14 to honour the cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified. In the Eastern churches the feast dates back to the dedication of the Church ...
holy days of obligation
in the Roman Catholic Church, religious feast days on which Catholics must attend mass and refrain from unnecessary work. Although all Sundays are sanctified in this way, the term holy ...
Holy Family
as a theme in Christian art, representation of the infant Jesus with his immediate family. There are two major versions, one showing the Virgin and Child with St. Joseph and ...
Holy Family, Feast of the
Roman Catholic religious festival falling on the first Sunday after Christmas. Although major feast days dedicated to each member of the Holy Family-Jesus, Mary, and Joseph-also exist, the Feast of ...
Holy Ghost Father
a Roman Catholic society of men founded in 1703 at Paris by Claude-Francois Poullart des Places. Originally intended only for the training of seminarians, the congregation gradually took an active ...
Holy Innocents, Feast of the
festival celebrated in the Christian churches in the West on December 28 and in the Eastern churches on December 29 and commemorating the massacre of the children by King Herod ...
Holy Island
historic small island (2 sq mi [5 sq km]) in the west North Sea, 2 mi (3 km) from the English Northumberland coast (in which county it is included), linked ...
Holy Lance
a relic discovered in June 1098 during the First Crusade by Christian crusaders at Antioch, in Syria. It was said to be the lance that pierced the side of Christ ...
Holy League
either of two European leagues sponsored by the papacy in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, formed for the purpose of protecting Italy from threatened French domination.
Holy League
association of Roman Catholics during the French Wars of Religion of the late 16th century; it was first organized in 1576 under the leadership of Henri I de Lorraine, 3e ...
Holy of Holies
the innermost and most sacred area of the ancient Temple of Jerusalem, accessible only to the Israelite high priest. Once a year, on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, he ...
holy order
any of several grades in the ordained ministry of some of the Christian churches, comprising at various times the major orders of bishop, priest, deacon, and subdeacon and the minor ...
Holy Roman Empire
the varying complex of lands in western and central Europe ruled over first by Frankish and then by German kings for 10 centuries, from Charlemagne's coronation in 800 until the ...
Holy Saturday
Christian religious observance that ends the Lenten season, falling on the day before Easter Sunday. The early church celebrated the end of Lent with large baptismal ceremonies; but, for many ...
Holy Sepulchre
the tomb in which Jesus was buried and the name of the church built on the traditional site of his Crucifixion and burial. According to the Bible, the tomb was ...
Holy Spirit
(from Old English gast, "spirit"), in Christian belief, the third person of the Trinity. Numerous outpourings of the Spirit are mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles, in which healing, ...
Holy Trinity, Feast of the
feast in honour of the Trinity. It is celebrated in the Christian churches on the Sunday following Pentecost (the 50th day after Easter). It is known that the feast was ...
holy war
any war fought by divine command or for a religious purpose. The concept of holy war is found in the Bible (e.g., the Book of Joshua) and has played a ...
holy water
in the Eastern Christian churches and the Roman Catholic Church, special water that has been blessed and is used to bless churches, homes, and articles of devotion. A natural symbol ...
Holy Week
in the Christian Church, the week between Palm Sunday and Easter, observed with special solemnity as a time of devotion to the passion of Jesus Christ. In the Greek and ...
Holyfield, Evander
American boxer, the only professional fighter to win the heavyweight championship four separate times and thereby surpass the record of Muhammad Ali, who won it three times.
Holyhead
port and resort on Holy Island (Ynys Gybi), Isle of Anglesey county, historic county of Anglesey (Sir Fon), Wales. Holyhead and Holy Island, just off the west coast of Anglesey ...
Holyoake, Sir Keith Jacka
farmer and politician who served twice as prime minister (1957, 1960-72) and was the first politician to be appointed governor general of New Zealand (1977-80).
Holyoke
city, Hampden county, west-central Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the Connecticut River just north of Chicopee and Springfield. Settled in 1725 as part of Springfield, it was included in West ...
Holyoke, Edward
10th president of Harvard College, who liberalized and strengthened its academic program.
Holywell
town, historic and present county of Flintshire, Wales, near the Dee estuary. The holy well is on the spot where in the 7th century the head of the Celtic St. ...
homage and fealty
in European society, solemn acts of ritual by which a person became a vassal of a lord in feudal society. Homage was essentially the acknowledgment of the bond of tenure ...
Homburg
city, Saarland Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies on the Erbach River, northeast of Saarbrucken. Chartered in 1330 and 1558, it belonged to the counts of Homburg, ...
Home Rule
in British and Irish history, movement to secure internal autonomy for Ireland within the British Empire.
home rule
limited autonomy or self-government granted by a central or regional government to its dependent political units. It has been a common feature of multinational empires or states-most notably, the ancient ...
Home, Alexander Home, 1st earl of
also called (1575-1605) 6th Lord Home, Home also spelled Hume Scottish noble who took part in many of the turbulent incidents that marked the reign of James VI of Scotland ...
Home, John
Scottish dramatist whose play Douglas, according to the poet Thomas Gray, "retrieved the true language of the stage."
Homel
oblast (province), Belarus. The oblast occupies the level plain of the middle Dnieper River and its tributaries, in the southeastern corner of the republic. There are considerable areas of reed ...
Homel
city and administrative centre, Homel oblast (province), Belarus, on the Sozh River. First mentioned in 1142 as Gomy, it passed to Lithuania in the 14th century and later to Poland; ...
homeomorphism
in mathematics, a correspondence between two figures or surfaces or other geometrical objects, defined by a one-to-one mapping that is continuous in both directions. The vertical projection shown in the ...
homeopathy
a system of therapeutics, notably popular in the 19th century, which was founded on the stated principle that "like cures like," similia similibus curantur, and which prescribed for patients drugs ...
homeostasis
any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival. If homeostasis is successful, life continues; if unsuccessful, disaster or ...
Homer
presumed author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Homer
city, southern Alaska, U.S. It lies on the Kenai Peninsula and the northern shore of Kachemak Bay, some 225 miles (360 km) south of Anchorage. The region was originally inhabited ...
Homer, Louise
nee Louise Dilworth Beatty American opera singer, one of the leading operatic contraltos of the first quarter of the 20th century.
Homer, Winslow
American painter whose works, particularly those on marine subjects, are among the most powerful and expressive of late 19th-century American art. His mastery of sketching and watercolour lends to his ...
Homeric Hymns
collection of 34 ancient Greek poems in heroic hexameters, all addressed to gods. Though ascribed in antiquity to Homer, the poems actually differ widely in date and are of unknown ...
Homerids
a historical clan whose members claimed to be descendants of the ancient Greek poet Homer. They claimed to have brought the Iliad and Odyssey attributed to him from Ionia to ...
Homestead
borough (town), Allegheny county, southwestern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies across the Monongahela River from the southeastern edge of Pittsburgh and is adjacent to West Homestead and Munhall boroughs. Laid out ...
Homestead
city, Miami-Dade county, southern Florida, U.S., in the fertile Redland district, about 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Miami. The region was inhabited by Tequesta and then Calusa Indians before ...