former German chemical concern founded in 1863 in the Hochst quarter of Frankfurt am Main. Originally a producer of dyestuffs, it had become, by the late 20th century, one of ...
novelist who is considered most representative of the interwar generation of fiction writers in Norway. He was the first Norwegian writer of fiction to be directly influenced by psychoanalysis.
German soldier and Nazi partisan who served as commandant of the Auschwitz extermination camp (1940-45), during a period when as many as 1,000,000 to 2,500,000 inmates perished there.
statesman and member of the Dutch Parliament who was largely responsible for ending the exploitive colonial Culture System, which extracted wealth from the Dutch East Indies from 1830 to about ...
city, Bavaria Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies along the Saale River, in the northeastern foothills of the Fichtelgebirge and the Frankenwald, near the border with the Czech Republic.
Tirolese patriot, military leader, and popular hero who fought Napoleonic France and Bavaria for two years (1809-10) in an attempt to keep his homeland under Austrian rule.
American labour leader elected general president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) in 1998 and son of former Teamsters president James R. Hoffa.
American labour leader who served as president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters from 1957 to 1971, becoming one of the most controversial labour organizers of his time.
American poet and educator whose verse is noted for its merging of history, myth, and personal experience. These concerns are also evident in his numerous critical studies.
acclaimed American actor known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable types. Short in stature and not typically handsome, he helped to usher in a new Hollywood tradition of ...
German patriotic poet, philologist, and literary historian whose poem "Deutschland, Deutschland uber alles" was adopted as the German national anthem after World War I. (See Deutschlandlied.) His uncomplicated and attractive ...
German writer, composer, and painter known for his stories in which supernatural and sinister characters move in and out of men's lives, ironically revealing tragic or grotesque sides of human ...
German physician and writer who is best known for his creation of Struwwelpeter ("Slovenly Peter"), a boy whose wild appearance is matched by his naughty behaviour. Peter appeared in Lustige ...
Polish-born American chemist, corecipient, with Fukui Kenichi of Japan, of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1981 for their independent investigations of the mechanisms of chemical reactions.
German painter who was one of the most influential art teachers of the 20th century. He was a pioneer in experimenting in the use of improvisatory techniques; his work opened ...
German mystic and lay preacher noted for contributing a zealous eschatology to the religious doctrine of the Anabaptists, a Reformation movement that advocated adult baptism.
Austrian poet, dramatist, and essayist. He made his reputation with his lyrical poems and plays and became internationally famous for his collaboration with the German operatic composer Richard Strauss.
poet who was the leading representative of the "Second Silesian School," the German counterpart to the Baroque extravagance of the Italian poets Giambattista Marino and Giovanni Battista Guarini and the ...
statesman and leader of the Afrikaner Bond (a political party of Dutch South Africans) of the Cape Colony. The son of a viticulturist, he was educated at the South African ...
large glacier in central Iceland that covers a circular area (384 sq mi [994 sq km]) nearly 25 mi (40 km) in diameter. It rises to a height of 5,791 ...
American scientist who was a joint recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1961 for his investigations of protons and neutrons, which revealed the hitherto unknown structure of these ...
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Hempstead, New York, U.S. It consists of eight schools, including Hofstra College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; New College, an interdisciplinary liberal arts ...
city, Yamaguchi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, facing the Inland Sea. Numerous prehistoric remains and tombs of the Tumulus period indicate that it was an early cultural centre. During the Tokugawa ...
Austrian amateur conjurer who was one of the most brilliant inventors of small manipulative tricks, especially with playing cards. Hofzinser, who never appeared outside Austria, was one of the first ...
building for housing swine, particularly one with facilities for housing a number of hogs under one roof. Typical housing protects against extremes of heat and cold and provides draft-free ventilation, ...
(species Spondias mombin), ornamental purplish green flowered tree, of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae), native to tropical areas of the world. The hog plum and several other species of the genus ...
dwelling of the Navajo Indians of Arizona and New Mexico. The hogan is a roughly circular structure constructed usually of logs and mud but occasionally of stone. To form the ...
American professional golfer who became supreme in the decade after World War II. His exceptional will and rigorous practice routine enabled him to play winning golf after an automobile accident ...
English archaeologist, director of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (1909-27), and diplomat who was associated with the excavation of several important archaeological sites.
the first great English-born artist to attract admiration abroad, best known for his moral and satirical engravings and paintings-e.g., A Rake's Progress (eight scenes, begun 1732). His ...
American welfare worker and fund-raiser, best remembered for her impressive organizational efforts to provide medical supplies and other material relief to Union soldiers during the Civil War.
(July 1156), in Japan, conflict in the Hogen era between the Taira and Minamoto clans that marked the end of the Fujiwara family's dominance of the monarchy and the start ...
Dutch statesman and official of the Dutch East India Company who tried to incorporate the liberal ideas of the French Revolution into Dutch colonial policy and thereby stimulated wide controversy.
any of certain species of fishes in the wrasse family, Labridae (order Perciformes). Although representatives of the family are found in tropical to temperate oceans throughout the world, the hogfishes ...
English philanthropist, social reformer, and founder of the Polytechnic, which became a model for later social and educational centres for underprivileged youth. For more than three decades, Hogg and his ...
(genus Heterodon), any of three or four species belonging to the family Colubridae. They are named for the upturned snout, which is used for digging. These are the harmless but ...
segment of the Eastern Alps in southern Austria, extending for 70 miles (110 km) between the Zillertal Alps and the Italian border (west) and Katschberg Pass (east). Within the range ...
German princely family which took its name from the district of Hohenlohe in Franconia. First mentioned in the 12th century as possessing the castle of Hohenloch or Hohenlohe, near Uffenheim, ...
(prince of) Prussian field marshal who commanded one of the two Prussian armies that were decisively defeated by Napoleon at the twin battles of Jena and Auerstadt in 1806, a ...
imperial German chancellor and Prussian prime minister from October 1894 to October 1900, the "Uncle Chlodwig" whose fatherly relationship with the emperor William II did not enable him to prevent ...
German dynasty that ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1138 to 1208 and from 1212 to 1254. The founder of the line was the count Frederick (died 1105), who built ...
dynasty prominent in European history, chiefly as the ruling house of Brandenburg-Prussia (1415-1918) and of imperial Germany (1871-1918). It takes its name from a castle in Swabia first mentioned as ...
city and (since 1952) provincial capital of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region (tzu-chih-ch'u), China. The city is a prefecture-level municipality (shih) and the command headquarters of the Inner Mongolian Military ...
most economical path (though not the shortest or fastest) for a spacecraft to take from one planet to another. The German engineer Walter Hohmann showed in 1925 that elliptical orbits ...
culture of a group of North American Indians who lived between perhaps 300 BC and AD 1400 in the semiarid region of what is now central and southern Arizona, largely ...
commercially prepared, thick reddish-brown sauce used in Chinese cuisine both as an ingredient in cooking and as a table condiment. Made from soybeans, flour, sugar, water, spices, garlic, and chili, ...
mechanical device used primarily for raising and lowering heavy loads but occasionally for moving objects horizontally. It usually consists of a block and tackle-a combination of one or more fixed ...
family of hereditary regents to the shogunate of Japan who exercised actual rule from 1199 to 1333. During that period, nine successive members of the family held the regency. The ...
wife of Minamoto Yoritomo (1147-99), the first shogun, or military dictator, of Japan. She is said to have been largely responsible for Yoritomo's success, and after his death she assumed ...
Japanese warrior who aided Minamoto Yoritomo in establishing the Kamakura shogunate, the military government by which Yoritomo ruled the country from his base at Kamakura in central Japan, while the ...
young regent to the shogun (military dictator of Japan), under whom the country fought off two Mongol invasions, the only serious foreign threats to the Japanese islands before modern times.
