| | - Hadokht Nask
- (from the article "Zoroastrianism") ...The Siroza enumerates the deities presiding over the 30 days of the month. The Yashts (hymns) are each addressed to one of 21 deities such as Mithra, Anahita, or Verethraghna. ...
- Hadramawt
- ancient South Arabian kingdom that occupied what are now southern and southeastern Yemen and the present-day Sultanate of Oman (Muscat and Oman). Hadramawt maintained its political independence until late in ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hadramawtian
- (from the article "South Arabic language") Minaean, Sabaean, Qatabanian, and Hadramawtian are the four known South Arabic dialects of ancient times. The earliest South Arabic inscriptions, dating from the 8th century BCE, are in the Minaean ...
- Hadrat Mirza Bashir-ad-Din Mahmud Ahmad
- (from the article "Ahmadiyah") ...("successor"). In 1914, when he died, the Ahmadiyah split, the original, Qadiani, group recognizing Ghulam Ahmad as prophet (nabi) and his son Hadrat Mirza Bashir-ad-Din Mahmud Ahmad (b. 1889) as ...
- Hadrian
- Roman emperor (AD 117-138), the emperor Trajan's nephew and successor, who was a cultivated admirer of Greek civilization and who unified and consolidated Rome's vast empire. [33 Related Articles]
- Hadrian's Villa
- country residence built (c. AD 125-134) at Tivoli near Rome by the emperor Hadrian. This villa is considered the epitome in architecture of the opulence and elegance of the Roman ... [7 Related Articles]
- Hadrian's Wall
- continuous Roman defensive barrier that guarded the northwestern frontier of the province of Britain from barbarian invaders. The wall extended from coast to coast across the width of northern Britain; ... [6 Related Articles]
- hadron
- any member of a class of subatomic particles that are built from quarks and thus react through the agency of the strong force. The hadrons embrace mesons, baryons (e.g., protons, ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator
- (from the article "DESY") ...existence of gluons, the messenger particles of the strong force that bind quarks together within protons and neutrons. PETRA now serves as a preaccelerator for the laboratory's newest facility, the ...
- hadrosaur
- (from the article "Life Sciences") Other dinosaurs from China that were described included a number of specimens found in Mongolia: Pinacosaurus from the Late Cretaceous and a duckbilled dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. A comparison ...
- Hadrosaurus foulkii
- (from the article "dinosaur") ...and description of the first dinosaur skeleton to be recognized in North America, that of a duckbill, or hadrosaur, found at Haddonfield, New Jersey, in 1858, which he named
- Hadrumetum
- ancient Phoenician colony some 100 miles (160 km) south of Carthage, on the east coast of the Al-Hammamat Gulf in what is now Tunisia. Hadrumetum was one of the most ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hadyach, Treaty of
- (from the article "Ukraine") Khmelnytsky's successor, Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky, broke with Moscow and in 1658 concluded the new Treaty of Hadyach with Poland. By its terms, central Ukraine (attempts to include Volhynia and Galicia ...
- Hadza
- (from the article "African architecture") ...(shelters) may be little more than depressions in the ground, but groups such as the !Kung build light-framed shelters of sticks and saplings covered with grass. Other hunter-gatherers, such as ...
- Hadza language
- (from the article "Khoisan languages") ...on the point of extinction bears testimony to inexorable social, economic, linguistic, and demographic forces that continue to marginalize and consume indigenous linguistic and cultural minorities. Hadza (Hatsa), one of ...
- Hadziacz Agreement
- (from the article "Poland") Eastern wars still continued for Poland for several years. In Ukraine the Hadziacz agreement of 1658 with Khmelnytsky's successor provided for the creation of a Ukrainian state as a third ...
- Haeberlin, Paul
- French chef and restaurateur transformed his family's inn in the Alsatian town of Illhaeusern into a Michelin three-star restaurant. L'Arbre Vert was established in 1878 by Haeberlin's grandparents but was ... [1 Related Articles]
- haeccitas
- (from the article "philosophy, Western") ...that makes the common nature a specific individual-e.g., Socrates. Duns Scotus calls such a reality an "individual difference," or "thisness" (haecceitas). It is an original development of ...
- Haeckel, Ernst
- German zoologist and evolutionist who was a strong proponent of Darwinism and who proposed new notions of the evolutionary descent of human beings. He declared that ontogeny (the embryology and ... [6 Related Articles]
- Haedo Range
- range of hills, north-central Uruguay. With the Grande Range (Cuchilla Grande) to the east, it defines the basin of the Negro River, Uruguay's major river. The range extends southward from ...
- Haefliger, Ernst
- Swiss tenor was a noted interpreter of Mozart operas, German lieder, and the oratorios, masses, and cantatas of J.S. Bach. Haefliger made his debut in 1942 as the Evangelist ...
- haegum
- two-stringed vertical fiddle used in many traditional Korean musical genres. A hardwood bow strung with horsehair is passed between the strings to create the sound. The soundbox is made of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Haein Temple
- (from the article "Kyongsang-nam") ...in the large port cities of Ulsan, Masan, and Chinhae. The mountain Chiri-san (6,283 feet [1,915 m]), on the boundary with Cholla-puk do, is the centre of a national park ...
- Haeju
- city, southwestern North Korea. Situated on Haeju Bay, facing the Yellow Sea, it is the only port on the west coast of North Korea that does not freeze over in ...
- Haematosiphon inodora
- (from the article "bedbug") ...as a bat bug, will bite humans and is sometimes found living in human dwellings. Species of Oeciacus live on swallows and martins, Cimexopsis nyctalis live on chimney swifts, and ...
- Haemodoraceae
- (from the article "Commelinales") Haemodoraceae, or the bloodwort family (116 species), includes the kangaroo paws (Anigozanthos) native to Australia, with other members of the family found in South Africa, North and South America, and ...
- Haemon
- (from the article "Antigone") ...brother and convinced of the injustice of the command, buried Polyneices secretly. For that she was ordered by Creon to be executed and was immured in a cave, where she ...
- Haemophilus
- genus of very small rod-shaped bacteria of uncertain affiliation. All species of Haemophilus are strict parasites occurring in the respiratory tracts of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and in certain cold-blooded ...
- Haemophilus gallinarum
- (from the article "Haemophilus") H. gallinarum causes infectious coryza in fowl. H. parasuis (itself not disease-causing), together with a virus (Tarpeia suis), causes swine influenza. H. ducreyi causes a venereal disease in humans known ...
- Haemophilus influenzae
- (from the article "cephalosporin") ...to be more effective against gram-negative bacterial species that are resistant to the first-generation cephalosporins. Second-generation cephalosporins have proven effective against gonorrhea, Haemophilus influenzae, and the abscesses caused by Bacteroides ...
- Haemophilus suis
- (from the article "Haemophilus") H. gallinarum causes infectious coryza in fowl. H. parasuis (itself not disease-causing), together with a virus (Tarpeia suis), causes swine influenza. H. ducreyi causes a venereal disease in humans known ...
- Haemopis
- (from the article "annelid") ...with 3 toothed jaws or none, noneversible; terrestrial or freshwater; bloodsuckers or carnivorous; size, minute to 20 cm; examples of genera: Hirudo, Haemopis, ...
- Haemstede, Adrian
- (from the article "Acontius, Jacobus") ...sacraments, partly because he was considered to hold Anabaptist beliefs (in the baptism of adult believers) and Arian (anti-Trinitarian) opinions and partly because he defended the radical pastor Adrian Haemstede, ...
- Haemulon
- (from the article "grunt") ...warm and tropical waters of the major oceans. They are snapperlike but lack canine teeth. They are named for the piglike grunts they can produce with their pharyngeal (throat) teeth. ...
- Haenlein, Paul
- (from the article "airship") In 1872 a German engineer, Paul Haenlein, first used an internal-combustion engine for flight in an airship that used lifting gas from the bag as fuel. In 1883 Albert and ...
- Haetzer, Ludwig
- Anabaptist, iconoclast, and Reformer.
- Hafez
- one of the finest lyric poets of Persia. [5 Related Articles]
- Haff
- (from the article "Baltic Sea") ...of long shingle bars (Nehrungen), capped by moving sand dunes, has been built up there, cutting off the distinctive shallow lagoons (Haffs) from the ...
- Hafiz Ibrahim, Muhammad
- Egyptian poet known as the "poet of the Nile." [1 Related Articles]
- Hafiz Rahmat Khan
- (from the article "Pilibhit") ...Sugar processing is the largest industry, and there is an active trade in agricultural products, both locally and with Nepal. On the town's western outskirts is a large 18th-century mosque ...
- Hafiz, 'Abd al-Halim
- Egyptian singer who was noted for his emotional renditions of romantic and nationalistic songs.
- Hafiz-i Abru
- in full 'abd Allah Ibn Lutf Allah Ibn 'abd Ar-rashid Al-bihdadini Hafiz-i Abru Persian historian, and one of the most important historians of the Timurid period (1370-1506).
- hafiza
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...were suppressed, being contrary to a strict interpretation of the Qur'an. These arts survived only in folk forms and were performed principally at marriage ceremonies. The popular hafiza dance performed ...
- Haflinger
- (from the article "horse") Originating in the South Tyrol, the Haflinger is a mountain pony, enduring, robust, and versatile, used for all farm labour, for pulling a carriage or sledge (see photograph), and for ...
- Hafnarfjordhur
- town, southwestern Iceland, on the southwestern shore of Faxa Bay. In the 20th century it became a southern suburb of Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland. A fishing community built on ...
- Hafner ware
- glazed earthenware made in Germany as early as 1350, originally as stove tiles molded in relief. The name Hafnergeschirr ("stove-maker vessel") came to be applied to other pottery objects, usually ... [1 Related Articles]
- hafnium
- chemical element (atomic number 72), metal of Group IVb of the periodic table. It is a ductile metal with a brilliant silvery lustre. The Dutch physicist Dirk Coster and the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hafrsfjord, Battle of
- (from the article "Norway") ...Harald I Fairhair, of the Oslo Fjord area, managed-in alliance with chiefs of the Frostatingslag and parts of the Gulatingslag-to pacify the western coast. The final battle took place in ...
- Hafsid dynasty
- Amazigh (Berber) dynasty of the 13th-16th century in Ifriqiyyah (Tunisia and eastern Algeria), founded by the Almohad governor Abu Zakariyya' Yahya about 1229. In the 20 years of his rule, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hafstein, Hannes
- Icelandic statesman and poet, a pioneer of literary realism in Iceland.
- Haftarah
- selective reading from Old Testament prophets recited in Jewish synagogues during the morning service on the sabbath and on festivals (but during the afternoon service on fast days). Though Haftarot ...
- hafting
- (from the article "hand tool") Hafting, or the fitting of a handle to a cutting edge, was a momentous and far-reaching invention of about 35,000 years ago. It was a critical step toward the creation ...
- hag
- in European folklore, an ugly and malicious old woman who practices witchcraft, with or without supernatural powers; hags are often said to be aligned with the devil or the dead. ... [1 Related Articles]
- hag ha-asif
- (from the article "Sukkoth") The Bible refers to hag ha-asif ("Feast of the Ingathering," Exodus 23:16), when grains and fruits were gathered at the harvest's end, and to hag ha-sukkot ("Feast of Booths," Leviticus ...
- hag moth
- (from the article "slug caterpillar moth") One species, the hag moth (Phobetron pithecium), derives its name from the larva's fleshy appendages, which are covered with brown stinging hairs resembling disheveled or tousled hair. When the caterpillar ...
- Hagalin, Gudmundur G.
- Icelandic novelist, short-story writer, and essayist. His works constitute a social history of Iceland from World War I to the post-World War II period.
- Haganah
- (Hebrew: "Defense"), Zionist military organization representing the majority of the Jews in Palestine from 1920 to 1948. Organized to combat the revolts of Palestinian Arabs against the Jewish settlement of ... [12 Related Articles]
- Hagar
- in the Old Testament (Gen. 16:1-16; 21:8-21), Abraham's concubine and the mother of his son Ishmael. Purchased in Egypt, she served as a maid to Abraham's childless wife, Sarah, who ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hagar, Sammy
- (from the article "Van Halen") ...Lee Roth (b. Oct. 10, 1955Bloomington, Ind.). Later members were Sammy Hagar (b. Oct. 13, 1947Monterey, Calif.), Gary Cherone...
- Hagatna
- capital of the unincorporated U.S. territory of Guam, northern Pacific Ocean, situated on the west coast of the island on a beach surrounding Hagatna Bay at the mouth of the ...
- Hagedorn, Friedrich von
- poet who introduced a new lightness and grace into German poetry and was highly esteemed by his contemporaries.
- Hagedorn, Horace
- American businessman (b. March 18, 1915, New York, N.Y.-d. Jan. 31, 2005, Sands Point, N.Y.), founded Miracle-Gro Products, Inc., and used his marketing acumen to make Miracle-Gro the most widely ...
- Hageman, Richard
- (from the article "1939: Other Winners") ...Color: Ernest Haller and Ray Rennahan for Gone with the WindArt Direction: Lyle Wheeler for Gone with the WindOriginal Score: Herbert Stothart for The Wizard of OzScoring: Richard Hageman, Frank ...
- Hagen
- city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies south of Dortmund, at the confluence of the Ennepe and Volme rivers just south of the Ruhr. Hagen ...
- Hagen
- mythological Germanic hero who plays a variety of roles in a number of northern European legends. In the Nibelungenlied, he appears as a vassal of the Burgundian king Gunther and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hagen Range
- (from the article "Mount Hagen") ...Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. The town, established as a patrol post in 1936, is near the Wahgi River, a tributary of the Purari. It takes its name from a 12,579-foot ...
- Hagen's clouds
- (from the article "Hagen, Johann Georg") Jesuit priest and astronomer who is noted for his discovery and study of dark clouds of tenuous, interstellar matter sometimes known as Hagen's clouds.
- Hagen, Earle Harry
- American musician and songwriter composed some of the most memorable music for television, including the themes for The Andy Griffith Show, The Dick Van Dyke Show, Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., Eight ...
- Hagen, Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig
- (from the article "Poiseuille, Jean-Louis-Marie") French physician and physiologist who formulated a mathematical expression for the flow rate for the laminar (nonturbulent) flow of fluids in circular tubes. Discovered independently by Gotthilf Hagen, a German ...
- Hagen, Johann Georg
- Jesuit priest and astronomer who is noted for his discovery and study of dark clouds of tenuous, interstellar matter sometimes known as Hagen's clouds.
- Hagen, Uta Thyra
- German-born American actress and teacher (b. June 12, 1919, Gottingen, Ger.-d. Jan. 14, 2004, New York, N.Y.), thrilled theatre audiences with her talent and versatility and also became a widely ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hagen, Walter
- American professional golfer, one of the most colourful sports personages of his time, who is credited with doing more than any other golfer to raise the social standing of his ...
- Hagenauer, Friedrich
- (from the article "medal") ...Germany and elsewhere between 1512 and 1532. Christoph Weiditz produced numerous Augsburg medals and with Schwarz showed the greatest sensitivity in capturing individual character in his portraits. Friedrich Hagenauer, active ...
- Hagenbeck Zoo
- zoological park in Hamburg, Ger., which pioneered the use of moated, barless, open-air enclosures that resemble the animals' natural habitats. The zoo was founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck, who ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hagenbeck, Carl
- internationally known German animal dealer and trainer who controlled animals by befriending them, emphasizing for spectators their intelligence and tractability over their ferocity. He also created the prototype for open-air ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hager, Constantin
- (from the article "Bronte, Charlotte") ...and in February 1842 Charlotte and Emily went to Brussels as pupils to improve their qualifications in French and acquire some German. The talent displayed by both brought them to ...
- Hagerstown
- city, seat (1776) of Washington county, north-central Maryland, U.S. It lies in the Cumberland Valley between the Blue Ridge and Allegheny mountains, 71 miles (114 km) northwest of Baltimore. In ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hagerstrand, Torsten
- (from the article "geography") Finally, there was the issue of change within such spatial systems, on which the work of Swedish geographer Torsten Hagerstrand was seminal. He added spatial components to sociological and economic ...
- Hagerstrom, Axel
- Swedish philosopher who founded the Uppsala school of philosophy, which espoused phenomenological and conceptual analysis and rejected metaphysical suppositions and subjectivism. [1 Related Articles]
- Hagerup, Gesine
- (from the article "Grieg, Edvard") ...father, Alexander Grieg, was British consul at Bergen. The Grieg (formerly Greig) family was of Scottish origin, the composer's grandfather having emigrated after the Battle of Culloden. His mother, Gesine ...
- hagfish
- any of about 70 species of marine vertebrates placed with the lampreys in the superclass Agnatha. Although most classifications place all hagfishes in the family Myxinidae, they are sometimes divided ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hagg, Gunder
- Swedish middle-distance runner who broke a total of 15 world records during his career. He set 10 of them within a three-month period in 1942. [2 Related Articles]
- Haggada
- in Judaism, the special book containing the story of the biblical Exodus as it must be retold at the beginning of the seder dinner on Passover (Pesah). The book's commentaries ... [2 Related Articles]
- Haggada
- in Judaism, those parts of rabbinical, or Talmudic, literature that do not deal directly with the laws incumbent upon Jews in the conduct of their daily life. The contents of ... [6 Related Articles]
- Haggai
- (from the article "Zechariah, Book of") According to dates mentioned in chapters 1-8, Zechariah was active from 520 to 518 BC. A contemporary of the prophet Haggai in the early years of the Persian period, Zechariah ...
- Haggai, The Book of
- the 10th of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets. Haggai (fl. 6th century BC) helped mobilize the Jewish community for the rebuilding of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- haggard
- (from the article "falconry") ...taken from a nest in the wild or bred in captivity is known as an eyas. A hawk trapped during its first year in the wild is called a passager, ...
- Haggard, Merle
- American singer, guitarist, and songwriter, one of the most popular country music performers of the late 20th century.
- Haggard, Sir H. Rider
- English novelist best known for his romantic adventure King Solomon's Mines (1885).
- Haggard, Ted
- (from the article "Religion") The Rev. Ted Haggard, president of the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) and senior pastor of the 14,000-member New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colo., resigned the NAE position and ...
- Haggart, Robert Sherwood
- American jazz bassist, arranger, and bandleader who performed and cocomposed such hit songs as "Big Noise from Winnetka," "What's New," and "South Rampart Street Parade" for Bob Crosby's 1930s swing ...
- Haggerty, Patrick
- (from the article "Texas Instruments Incorporated") ...used to locate oil before the war. Carried aboard low-flying aircraft, the devices could detect magnetic disturbances caused by submarines beneath the ocean's surface. The navy assigned Lieutenant Patrick Haggerty ...
- haggis
- a national dish of Scotland. A haggis is actually a large spherical sausage made of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep, all chopped and mixed with beef or ...
- Haggis, Paul
- (from the article "2005: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Paul Haggis and Bobby Moresco; story by Paul Haggis for Crash Adapted Screenplay: Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana for Brokeback MountainCinematography: Dion ...
- Hagi
- city, Yamaguchi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the delta of the Abu River, facing the Sea of Japan. Hagi was founded as a castle town in 1600 and prospered as ...
- Hagia Sophia
- cathedral built at Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. It is a unique building and one of the world's great monuments, despite time's ... [12 Related Articles]
- hagiography
- the body of literature describing the lives and veneration of the Christian saints. The literature of hagiography embraces acts of the martyrs (i.e., accounts of their trials and deaths); biographies ... [16 Related Articles]
- Hagios Elias
- (from the article "Taiyetos Mountains") ...range, which is the highest mountain chain in the Peloponnese, consists of a narrow ridge of crystalline rock trending north-south for about 100 miles (160 km). The range's highest peak ...
- hagioscope
- in architecture, any opening, usually oblique, cut through a wall or a pier in the chancel of a church to enable the congregation-in transepts or chapels, from which the altar ...
- Hagiwara Sakutaro
- poet who is considered the father of free verse in Japanese. [1 Related Articles]
- Hagler, Marvin
- American boxer, a durable middleweight champion, who was one of the greatest fighters of the 1970s and '80s. [1 Related Articles]
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