| | - heavy salting
- (from the article "fish processing") ...off until the water content of the flesh is reduced to approximately 50 percent (the typical water content of fresh fish is 75 to 80 percent) and the salt content ...
- heavy water
- water composed of deuterium, the hydrogen (q.v.) isotope with a mass double that of ordinary hydrogen, and oxygen. (Ordinary water has a composition represented by H2O.) Thus, heavy water has ... [4 Related Articles]
- heavy-ion radioactivity
- (from the article "radioactivity") In 1980 A. Sandulescu, D.N. Poenaru, and W. Greiner described calculations indicating the possibility of a new type of decay of heavy nuclei intermediate between alpha decay and spontaneous fission. ...
- heavy-liquid testing
- (from the article "mineral processing") A successful separation of a valuable mineral from its ore can be determined by heavy-liquid testing, in which a single-sized fraction of a ground ore is suspended in a liquid ...
- heavy-media separation
- (from the article "mineral processing") In heavy-media separation (also called sink-and-float separation), the medium used is a suspension in water of a finely ground heavy mineral (such as magnetite or arsenopyrite) or technical product (such ...
- heavy-metal fluoride glass
- (from the article "industrial glass") Of the nonoxide glasses, the heavy-metal fluoride glasses (HMFGs) have potential use in telecommunications fibres, owing to their relatively low optical losses. However, they are also extremely difficult to form ...
- heavy-water reactor
- (from the article "nuclear reactor") ...Since light (ordinary) water tends to absorb more neutrons than do other moderators, such enrichment is crucial. The CANDU (Canadian deuterium-uranium) reactor, which is the principal type of heavy-water reactor, ...
- Heavysege, Charles
- British-born Canadian self-taught working class poet who took Shakespeare and the Bible as his models to create ambitious verse dramas. Although lively and imaginative, his work is somewhat handicapped by ...
- heavyweight
- (from the article "Holyfield, Evander") American boxer, the only professional fighter to win the heavyweight championship four separate times and thereby surpass the record of Muhammad Ali, who won it three times.Jones
- Heb-Sed
- one of the oldest feasts of ancient Egypt, celebrated by the king after 30 years of rule and repeated every 3 years thereafter. The festival was in the nature of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hebat
- in the religions of Asia Minor, a Hurrian goddess, the consort of the weather god Teshub. She was called Queen of Heaven and was assimilated by the Hittites to their ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hebb, Donald
- (from the article "artificial intelligence") ...University, New York City, first suggested that human learning consists of some unknown property of connections between neurons in the brain. In The Organization of Behavior (1949), ...
- Hebbel, Friedrich
- poet and dramatist who added a new psychological dimension to German drama and made use of G.W.F. Hegel's concepts of history to dramatize conflicts in his historical tragedies. He was ...
- Hebblethwaite, Peter
- British writer (b. Sept. 30, 1930, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, England--d. Dec. 18, 1994, Oxford, England), was considered the foremost "Vaticanologist" in the English-speaking world and wrote the definitive biographies of two ...
- Hebe
- (from Greek hebe, "young maturity," or "bloom of youth"), daughter of Zeus, the chief god, and his wife Hera.
- Hebei plain
- (from the article "Hai River system") The Hebei plain, drained by the lower reaches of the Hai system, is flat. The rivers have low gradients and are often built up above the level of the surrounding ...
- hebephrenic schizophrenia
- (from the article "Kraepelin, Emil") ...organic changes in the brain. He further distinguished at least three clinical varieties of the disease: catatonia, in which motor activities are disrupted (either excessively active or inhibited); hebephrenia, characterized ...
- Heber City
- city, seat (1862) of Wasatch county, northern Utah, U.S. Named in 1859 to honour Mormon leader Heber C. Kimball, the original town site contained a fort to protect settlers from ...
- Heberden, William
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") The term angina pectoris was first used in 1772 by the British physician William Heberden when he wrote:There is a disorder of the breast.&elipsis;The seat of it, and sense of ...
- Hebern, Edward H.
- (from the article "cryptology") ...1920s to bring about a major advance in cryptodevices: the development of rotor cipher machines. Although the concept of a rotor had been anticipated in the older mechanical cipher disks, ...
- Hebert, Anne
- French Canadian poet, novelist, and playwright noted as an original literary stylist. She lived most of her adult life in Paris. [3 Related Articles]
- Hebert, Jacques-Rene
- political journalist during the French Revolution who became the chief spokesman for the Parisian sansculottes (extreme radical revolutionaries). He and his followers, who were called Hebertists, pressured the Jacobin regime ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hebertist
- any of the group of extremists of the French Revolution, followers of Jacques-Rene Hebert, who demanded a Revolutionary government that was anti-Christian and dedicated to the eradication of Girondists and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hebi
- prefecture-level city, northern Henan sheng (province), China. Once a county seat in Anyang prefecture, Hebi is situated in the foothills of the southern Taihang Mountains, some 16 ...
- Hebra, Ferdinand von
- (from the article "dermatology") ...observation of cutaneous symptoms, dermatology had early become a separate branch of medicine. Its scientific basis, however, was not established until the mid-19th century by the Austrian physician Ferdinand von ...
- Hebraic law
- body of ancient Hebrew law codes found in various places in the Old Testament and similar to earlier law codes of ancient Middle Eastern monarchs-such as the Code of Hammurabi, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hebreo, Leon
- (from the article "Spanish literature") The flowering of Spanish mysticism coincided with the Counter-Reformation, although antecedents appear, particularly in the expatriate Spanish Jew Leon Hebreo, whose Dialoghi di amore (1535; "The Dialogues of Love"), written ...
- Hebrew
- any member of an ancient northern Semitic people that were the ancestors of the Jews. Historians use the term Hebrews to designate the descendants of the patriarchs of the Old ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hebrew alphabet
- either of two distinct Semitic alphabets-the Early Hebrew and the Classical, or Square, Hebrew. Early Hebrew was the alphabet used by the Jewish nation in the period before the Babylonian ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hebrew Bible
- (from the article "Books of the Bible") The Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, does not elsewhere refer to the Adam and Eve story, except for the purely genealogical reference in I Chronicles 1:1. Allusions occur in the ...
- Hebrew language
- Semitic language of the Northern Central (also called Northwestern) group; it is closely related to Phoenician and Moabite, with which it is often placed by scholars in a Canaanite subgroup. ... [17 Related Articles]
- Hebrew literature
- the body of written works produced in the Hebrew language and distinct from Jewish literature, which also exists in other languages. [18 Related Articles]
- Hebrew numeral
- (from the article "numerals and numeral systems") Other ciphered numeral systems include Coptic, Hindu Brahmin, Hebrew, Syrian, and early Arabic. The last three, like the Ionic, are alphabetic ciphered numeral systems. The Hebrew system is shown in ...
- Hebrew Sunday School Society of Philadelphia
- (from the article "Gratz, Rebecca") In 1838, after some 20 years of active interest in improving religious education for Jewish children, Gratz, through the Female Hebrew Benevolent Society, founded the Hebrew Sunday School Society of ...
- Hebrew talent
- (from the article "talent") The Hebrew talent, or kikkar, probably of Babylonian origin, was the basic unit of weight among the ancient Hebrews. In the sacred system of weights, the Talmudic ...
- Hebrew Union College
- the oldest Jewish seminary in the United States for the training of rabbis, long a stronghold of American Reform Judaism. It was founded in 1875 at Cincinnati, Ohio, by Rabbi ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hebrew Union College Biblical and Archaeological School
- (from the article "Hebrew Union College") ...Jewish Institute of Religion of New York, which was founded (1922) by Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. The California school of the college-institute was chartered at Los Angeles in 1954. A ...
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- state-subsidized institution of higher learning in Jerusalem. The foremost university in Israel, it attracts many Jewish students from abroad. Originally inaugurated (1925) on Mount Scopus, it was transferred to Giv'at ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hebrews, Letter to the
- New Testament letter traditionally attributed to Paul but now widely believed to be the work of a Jewish Christian, perhaps one of Paul's associates. The letter was composed sometime during ... [6 Related Articles]
- Hebrides
- group of islands extending in an arc off the Atlantic (west) coast of Scotland. They are subdivided into two groups-the Inner Hebrides to the east and the Outer Hebrides to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hebron
- city in the West Bank, situated in the southern Judaean Hills south-southwest of Jerusalem. Located about 3,050 feet (930 metres) above sea level, Hebron long benefited from its mountainous clime, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hecataeus of Abdera
- (from the article "Judaism") The Hellenization of the Diaspora Jews is reflected not merely in their literature but even more in various papyri and art objects. As early as 290 BCE, Hecataeus of Abdera, ...
- Hecataeus of Miletus
- groundbreaking Greek author of an early history and geography. When the Persian Empire ruled Asia Minor, Hecataeus tried to dissuade the Ionians from revolt against Persia (500 BC), and in ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hecate
- goddess accepted at an early date into Greek religion but probably derived from the Carians in southwest Asia Minor. In Hesiod she is the daughter of the Titan Perses and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hecate Strait
- passage of the eastern North Pacific, off central British Columbia, Canada. Stretching south from Dixon Entrance 160 mi (260 km) to Queen Charlotte Sound, the waterway, which ranges in width ...
- Hecatomids
- (from the article "Caria") ...cities were later drawn into the Greek Delian League. Early in the 4th century BC all of Caria was rejoined to Persia's Achaemenian Empire as a separate satrapy under the ...
- Hecatompedon
- (from the article "Athens") ...Peisistratus and his sons (c. 560-510 BC). On the Acropolis, the old primitive shrines began to be replaced with large stone temples. About 580 BC a temple to Athena, known ...
- Hecatompylos
- ancient Parthian city in western Khurasan and capital of the Iranian Arsacid dynasty. It might have already fallen into decline when the Seleucids revived it as a military outpost about ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hecaton
- (from the article "Stoicism") ...Poseidonius. Because his master, Panaetius, was chiefly concerned with concepts of duty and obligation, it was his studies that served as a model for the De officiis (44 BC) of ...
- Hecatoncheires
- (from the article "Briareus") in Greek mythology, one of three 100-armed, 50-headed Hecatoncheires (from the Greek words for "hundred" and "hands"), the sons of the deities Uranus (Heaven) and Gaea (Earth). Homer (
- Hechingen
- city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies in the Swabian Alp, southwest of Tubingen. From the 13th century it was the seat of the counts of ...
- Hecht, Anthony
- American poet whose elegant tone, mastery of many poetic forms, and broad knowledge and appreciation of literary tradition lent his poetry great richness and depth. He was awarded the Pulitzer ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hecht, Ben
- American novelist, playwright, and film writer who, as a newspaperman in the 1920s, perfected a type of human interest sketch that was widely emulated. His play The Front Page (1928), ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hecht, Harold
- (from the article "1955: Best Picture") Other Nominees
- Hechtia
- genus of semidesert plants of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), consisting of about 35 New World species, chiefly tropical. Several species are cultivated indoors as ornamentals.
- Hechuan
- former county-level city, Chongqing municipality, south-central China. In 2006 it was incorporated into Chongqing city, becoming a district of that entity. Hechuan district is situated some 30 miles (50 km) ...
- Heckart, Eileen
- American actress (b. March 29, 1919, Columbus, Ohio-d. Dec. 31, 2001, Norwalk, Conn.), took advantage of her lanky stature, smoky voice, and winning smile to enjoy a long career on ... [1 Related Articles]
- Heckel family
- (from the article "wind instrument") ...in 1825 by Carl Almanrader, a chamber musician of Biebrich. Since the improvements were accompanied by deficiencies in tone, the French preferred to develop the classic bassoon. Although the Heckel ...
- Heckel, Erich
- German painter, printmaker, and sculptor who was one of the founding members of Die Brucke ("The Bridge"), an influential group of German Expressionist artists. He is best known for his ... [1 Related Articles]
- heckelphone
- double-reed woodwind instrument resembling the baritone oboe. It was perfected by Wilhelm Heckel in 1904 as a result of a request from the composer Richard Wagner about 20 years earlier ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hecker, Friedrich
- German revolutionary republican politician who led radical forces that demanded that the 1848 revolution establish a republican form of government in Germany. [1 Related Articles]
- Hecker, Isaac Thomas
- Roman Catholic priest who founded the Paulist Fathers, a diocesan organization for missionary work in New York. [1 Related Articles]
- Hecker, Johann Julius
- German theologian and educator, significant as the founder of secondary schools in which students were prepared for practical life rather than provided a purely classical education. [1 Related Articles]
- Heckman correction
- (from the article "Heckman, James J.") Heckman's work in selective samples led him to develop methods (such as the Heckman correction) for overcoming statistical sample-selection problems. When a sample fails to represent reality, the statistical analyses ...
- Heckman, James J.
- American economist, educator, and cowinner (with Daniel McFadden) of the 2000 Nobel Prize for Economics for his development of theory and methods used in the analysis of individual or household ...
- Heckmann, Otto
- German astronomer noted for his work in measuring stellar positions and for his studies of relativity and cosmology. He also made notable contributions to statistical mechanics.
- Heckroth, Hein
- (from the article "1948: Other Winners") ...Naked CityCinematography, Color: Winton Hoch, William V. Skall, Joseph Valentine for Joan of ArcArt Direction, Black-and-White: Roger K. Furse for HamletArt Direction, Color: Hein Heckroth for The Red ShoesMusic Score ...
- Heckscher, Eli Filip
- Swedish economist and economic historian. [1 Related Articles]
- Heckscher-Ohlin theory
- (from the article "international trade") Simply put, countries with plentiful natural resources will generally have a comparative advantage in products using those resources. A related, but much more subtle, assertion was put forward by two ...
- hectare
- unit of area in the metric system equal to 100 ares, or 10,000 square metres, and the equivalent of 2.471 acres in the British Imperial System and the United States ... [2 Related Articles]
- hectocotylus
- (from the article "mollusk") ...capsules containing sperm (spermatophores) typically occurs in cephalopods and some gastropods. In cephalopods, transfer of spermatophores is usually combined with copulation by a modified arm, or hectocotylus. Copulation in solenogasters, ...
- hectograph
- direct-process duplicator using either gelatin or the spirit process for making a master copy. [1 Related Articles]
- Hector
- (from the article "Troilus and Cressida") ...and Paris as vapid and self-centred. Other figures fare no less well. The legendary Greek hero Achilles is depicted as petulant and greedy for honour, so much so that he ...
- Hector
- in Greek legend, the eldest son of the Trojan king Priam and his queen Hecuba. He was the husband of Andromache and the chief warrior of the Trojan army. In ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hector
- (from the article "asteroid") ...(588) Achilles, was discovered near the Lagrangian point preceding Jupiter in its orbit. Within a year two more were found: (617) Patroclus, located near the trailing Lagrangian point, and (624) ...
- Hector, James
- (from the article "Kicking Horse Pass") ...from the east is by way of the Bow Valley; from the west end, two circular tunnels were cut into the valley sides (completed 1911) to reduce the gradient of ...
- Hecuba
- in Greek legend, the principal wife of the Trojan king Priam, mother of Hector, and daughter, according to some accounts, of the Phrygian king Dymas. When Troy was captured by ...
- Heda, Willem Claesz
- one of the principal Dutch Baroque still life painters. [1 Related Articles]
- Hedayat, Sadeq
- Iranian author who introduced modernist techniques into Persian fiction. He is considered one of the greatest Iranian writers of the 20th century. [2 Related Articles]
- Hedberg, Olle
- Swedish novelist whose stylistic precision and elegant craftsmanship served to satirize the conventional world of the middle classes. Beginning with Rymmare och fasttagare (1930; Prisoner's Base), Hedberg produced a full-length ...
- Hedda Stone
- (from the article "Peterborough") ...in 1238. It is in part a good example of Late Norman style; but it was added to in virtually every succeeding architectural period, and the total effect is discordant. ...
- Heddal
- (from the article "stave church") The largest extant stave church was built in Heddal, Norway, about 1150. Another typical and well-preserved example of the stave church is the Borgund church (c. 1150) in Sogn og ...
- heddle
- (from the article "textile") Except on certain experimental looms, the warp shed is formed with the aid of heddles (or healds). Usually one heddle is provided for each end, or multiple end, of warp ...
- heddle loom
- device used in weaving that is characterized by heddles-short lengths of wire or flat steel strips-used to deflect the warp to either side of the main sheet of fabric. The ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hedeby
- in medieval Danish history, trade centre at the southeastern base of the Jutland Peninsula on the Schlei estuary. It served as an early focus of national unification and as a ... [1 Related Articles]
- hedenbergite
- (from the article "hedenbergite") silicate mineral, calcium iron silicate of the pyroxene group closely analogous to diopside (q.v.).hedenbergiteHedenbergite.Sebastian Socha
- hedge
- (from the article "fence") ...or exclude people or animals, to define boundaries, or to decorate. Timber, earth, stone, and metal are widely used for fencing. Fences of living plants have been made in many ...
- hedge fund
- (from the article "Economic Affairs") ...in the hope that it would delay the inevitable rate increase, while news that would traditionally have been considered positive was shunned as giving the Fed a reason to move ...
- hedge maple
- (from the article "maple") Among the popular smaller maples the hedge, or field, maple (A. campestre) and Amur, or ginnala, maple (A. ginnala) are useful in screens or hedges; both have spectacular foliage in ...
- hedge mustard
- (from the article "rocket") ...coarse, deeply cut, dandelion-like leaves. Eastern rocket (S. orientale), a European annual 30 to 60 cm (1 to 2 feet) tall, has long pods and clusters of small flowers at ...
- hedgehog
- any of 15 Old World species of insectivores possessing several thousand short, smooth spines. Most species weigh under 700 grams (1.5 pounds), but the common western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) ... [1 Related Articles]
- hedgehog
- (from the article "tactics") ...to keep up with cavalry, at any rate in confined terrain such as Alpine valleys. If the worst occurred and an isolated column was caught in the open, the troops ...
- Hedgehog
- (from the article "depth charge") ...I, devices were developed to propel depth charges through the air over distances of 100 or more yards, thus widening the effective radius at which a ship could attack submarines. ...
- hedgehog cactus
- any of about 50 species of the family Cactaceae, native from central Mexico to the western United States. The common name hedgehog refers to the spiny fruit. Hedgehog cacti are ...
- hedgehog fungus
- (from the article "mushroom") ...of the cap. The agarics and boletes include most of the forms known as mushrooms. Other groups of fungi, however, are considered to be mushrooms, at least by laymen. Among ...
- hedging
- method of reducing the risk of loss caused by price fluctuation. It consists of the purchase or sale of equal quantities of the same or very similar commodities, approximately simultaneously, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hedi
- (from the article "China") Dynastic decline can be dated from the reign of Hedi (88-105/106), when the court once more came under the influence of consorts' families and eunuchs. The succession of emperors became ...
- Hedin, Sven Anders
- Swedish explorer, who led through Central Asia a series of expeditions that resulted in important archaeological and geographical findings. [3 Related Articles]
- Hedley, William
- English coal-mine official and inventor who built probably the first commercially useful steam locomotive of the adhesion type (i.e., dependent on friction between wheels and rails, as are almost all ...
- Hedlinger, Johann Carl
- (from the article "medal") ...Sebastian Dadler (1586-1657) was employed by the courts of Saxony, Sweden, Poland, and the Holy Roman Empire to produce large struck medals on the political events of the time. The ...
- hedonism
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...as a product of the material structure of the body and characterizes the body itself-rather than a soul-and perishes with the body. In their ethics, the Carvakas upheld a hedonistic ...
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