French novelist and playwright, most of whose dramas were tragedies centring on family conflicts and relationships, intended to teach some moral lesson.
Canadian physicist and winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in determining the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, especially free radicals-groups of atoms that contain ...
political thinker, activist, and writer who originated the theory of a unique Russian path to socialism known as peasant populism. Herzen chronicled his career in My Past and Thoughts (1861-67), ...
founder of the political form of Zionism, a movement to establish a Jewish homeland. His pamphlet The Jewish State (1896) proposed that the Jewish question was a political question to ...
city, west central Israel, on the Plain of Sharon and the Mediterranean Sea, at the north of the Tel Aviv-Yafo metropolitan area. Founded in 1924 with the financial backing of ...
Irish-born Israeli politician, soldier, lawyer, and author. He was an eloquent and passionate spokesman for the Zionist cause and was instrumental in the development of Israel, both as a soldier ...
scholar, author, religious philosopher, lecturer, chief rabbi of the Irish Free State (1925-36), and chief rabbi of Palestine (later Israel) from 1936. Herzog made significant contributions to reconciling the necessities ...
German Protestant theologian, professor of church history (University of Halle, 1847-54) and New Testament exegesis (University of Erlangen, 1854-77), and authority on the Hussite-Waldensian church. He compiled and edited the ...
German motion-picture director whose unusual films capture men and women at psychological extremes. With Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Volker Schlondorff, Herzog led the influential postwar West German cinema movement.
American Roman Catholic priest and educator under whose presidency the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Ind., became as respected for its academic record as for its athletic one ...
Jewish theologian and philosopher, noted for his presentation of the prophetic and mystical aspects of Judaism and for his attempt to construct a modern philosophy of religion on the basis ...
a leading English Parliamentarian from the beginning of the Long Parliament (1640) to the founding of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate (1653). He emerged briefly as a powerful figure during the confusion ...
one of the earliest Greek poets, often called the "father of Greek didactic poetry." Two of his complete epics have survived, the Theogony, relating the myths of the gods, and ...
in Greek mythology, clear-voiced maidens who guarded the tree bearing golden apples that Gaea gave to Hera at her marriage to Zeus. According to Hesiod, they were the daughters of ...
extinct birds found as fossils in Late Cretaceous Period deposits dating from about 120 million to 65 million years ago; this bird is known mostly from the Great Plains region ...
extinct genus of brachiopods, or lamp shells, which as fossils are especially characteristic of Ordovician marine rocks (438 to 505 million years old). The plano-convex shell of Hesperorthis consists of ...
in Greco-Roman mythology, the evening star, son or brother of Atlas. He was later identified with the morning star, Phosphorus, or Eosphorus (Latin: Lucifer), the bringer of light. Hesperus is ...
rule first enunciated by Germain Henri Hess, a Swiss-born Russian chemist, in 1840, stating that the heat absorbed or evolved in any chemical reaction is a fixed quantity and is ...
German National Socialist who was Adolf Hitler's deputy as party leader. He created an international sensation when in 1941 he secretly flew to Great Britain on an abortive self-styled mission ...
Austrian-born physicist who was a joint recipient, with Carl D. Anderson of the United States, of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1936 for his discovery of cosmic rays-high-energy radiation ...
Swiss physiologist, who received (with Antonio Egas Moniz) the 1949 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role played by certain parts of the brain in determining and ...
German novelist, poet, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1946, whose main theme deals with man's breaking out of the established modes of civilization to find his ...
former landgraviate, grand duchy, and state of Germany. It was formed in 1567 in the division of old Hesse; after Hesse-Kassel was absorbed by Prussia in 1866, Hesse-Darmstadt was usually ...
(Mayetiola or Phytophaga destructor), small fly of the gall midge (q.v.) family Cecidomyiidae (order Diptera); it is very destructive to wheat crops. Though a native of Asia it was transported ...
in Greek religion, goddess of the hearth, daughter of Cronus and Rhea, and one of the 12 Olympian deities. When the gods Apollo and Poseidon became suitors for her hand ...
American actor, known for his chiseled features and compelling speaking voice and for his numerous roles as historical figures and famous literary characters.
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being-soul, ...
author of the most important Greek lexicon known from antiquity, valued as a basic authority for the dialects and vocabularies of ancient inscriptions, poetic text, and the Greek Church Fathers.
priest-monk, renowned in the Eastern Church as a theologian, biblical commentator, and preacher. He played a prominent role in the 5th-century controversy on the nature of Christ and was acclaimed ...
Byzantine historian and literary biographer whose chronicle of world history influenced later Byzantine historical accounts and provided singular data on the history of Constantinople. His works are also a valuable ...
(Female Companion), one of a class of professional independent courtesans of ancient Greece who, besides developing physical beauty, cultivated their minds and talents to a degree far beyond that allowed ...
any protozoan of the plantlike flagellate order Heterochlorida. Heterochlorids have two flagella of unequal length and chromatophores whose pigments vary from yellow to yellow-green. Food reserves are stored as leucosin ...
any of a class of organic chemical substances that consist of molecules containing one or more rings of atoms with at least one atom being an element other than carbon. ...
any of a class of chemical reactions in which the reactants are components of two or more phases (solid and gas, solid and liquid, two immiscible liquids) or in which ...
in music, texture resulting from simultaneous performances of melodic variants of the same tune, typical of Middle Eastern practices as well as of a vast array of folk music. Balkan ...
any member of the insect order Heteroptera, which comprises the so-called true bugs. (Some authorities use the name Hemiptera; others consider both the heteropterans and the homopterans to be suborders ...
the increase in such characteristics as size, growth rate, fertility, and yield of a hybrid organism over those of its parents. Plant and animal breeders exploit heterosis by mating two ...
mating in which the man and woman have incompatible blood types, such that the woman may develop antibodies to her partner's blood type. This mating causes difficulties in childbirth, since ...
any member of the ciliated protozoan order Heterotrichida. Complete ciliation is typical, although there is a tendency toward loss of the cilia, which are minute, hairlike processes, in several families ...
military title used in the Polish-Lithuanian state (16th-18th century); the hetman wielki ("great hetman") was the chief of the armed forces and the commander in the field when the king ...
the lowest of 11 stages in the Jurassic System, consisting of rocks deposited globally during the Hettangian Age (208 to 204 million years ago). It directly underlies the Sinemurian Stage. ...
German geographer who sought to place geography on a firm philosophical and scientific foundation. He strongly influenced the modern development of geography in Germany.
hydrated sodium and calcium aluminosilicate mineral in the zeolite family, formulated (Ca,Na2)Al2Si7O18·6H2O. It forms brittle, transparent, coffin-shaped crystals in various shades of white through red, gray, or brown. Heulandite's molecular ...
Celtic fortified site overlooking the Danube River in Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), Germany. Recent excavations have shown that the Heuneburg fort community carried on a prosperous trade with the Greeks at ...
president of the Dominican Republic who allowed most of his country's economy to fall under U.S. control. The republic's fiscal disorder led to American intervention after Heureaux's assassination.
any of the first magnetic alloys composed of metals that, in their pure state, are not magnetic. The alloys are named after Fritz Heusler, 19th-century German mining engineer and chemist. ...
liberal democratic legislator, first president of West Germany, author, and leader of the Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP). He also helped draft a new constitution for postwar West ...
Dutch general and governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (1904-09) who conquered the Sumatran kingdom of Acheh (Atjeh) and brought all of Indonesia directly under Dutch rule.
in northern Buddhism, a fierce protective deity, the yab-yum (in union with his female consort, Vajrayogini) form of the fierce protective deity Heruka. Hevajra is a popular deity in Tibet, ...
astronomer who compiled an atlas of the Moon (Selenographia, published 1647) containing one of the earliest detailed maps of its surface as well as names for many of its features. ...
megye (county), northern Hungary. From the Tisza River in the southeast, the county extends northward into the Matra and Bukk mountains (qq.v.), which are popular year-round resort areas with facilities ...
chemist and recipient of the 1943 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. His development of isotopic tracer techniques greatly advanced understanding of the chemical nature of life processes. In 1923 he also ...
British astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 for his discovery of pulsars (cosmic objects that emit extremely regular pulses of radio waves).
British anatomist and physiologist who described blood coagulation and isolated a key protein in the coagulation process, fibrinogen, which he called coagulable lymph. He also investigated the structure of the ...
emblem painted on a barn, especially in Pennsylvania Dutch country, an agricultural region in southeastern Pennsylvania largely settled by German immigrants who have preserved ethnic custom and identification to a ...
complex compound formed by dissolving platinum metal in aqua regia (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids) or in hydrochloric acid that contains chlorine. It is crystallized from the solution ...
in music, six-note pattern corresponding to the first six tones of the major scale (as, C-D-E-F-G-A). The names of the degrees of the hexachord are ut, re, mi, fa, sol, ...
one of the principal categories of structures to which a given crystalline solid can be assigned. Components of crystals in this system are located by reference to four axes-three of ...
any iron meteorite containing about 6 percent nickel and having a cubic cleavage and crystal structure. Etching the polished surface of a hexahedrite often brings out a design called Neumann ...
a line of verse containing six feet, usually dactyls (' ˘ ˘). Dactylic hexameter is the oldest known form of Greek poetry and is the preeminent metre of narrative and ...
(Greek: "Sixfold"), edition of the Old Testament compiled by Origen of Alexandria in Caesarea, Palestine, before AD 245. The Hexapla presented for comparison the Hebrew text of the Old Testament, ...
town, Tynedale district, administrative and historic county of Northumberland, England, on the upper River Tyne. Its abbey church of St. Andrew, containing a great stone staircase, dominates the town. The ...
Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmler's chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel ("Protective Echelon"), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. He played a key role in organizing the ...
