| | - Hausa states
- group of neighbouring African states, occasionally interconnected from the mid-14th century by loose alliances. Their territory lay above the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers (in present-day northern Nigeria), ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hausdorff space
- in mathematics, type of topological space named for the German mathematician Felix Hausdorff. A topological space is a generalization of the notion of an object in three-dimensional space. It consists ... [5 Related Articles]
- hausen
- (from the article "hausen") large species of sturgeon (q.v.).characteristics and classificationchondrosteanGe
- Hauser, Kaspar
- German youth around whom gathered one of the 19th century's most celebrated mysteries.
- Haushofer, Karl
- German army officer, political geographer, and leading proponent of geopolitics, an academic discipline prominent in the period between the two World Wars but later in disrepute because of its identification ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hausmalerei
- (German: "home painting"), white pottery wares obtained from a factory and painted at home by a Hausmaler (free-lance home painter or decorator), most of whom were German or Bohemian. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hausmann, Raoul
- (from the article "Dada") In 1917 Hulsenbeck, one of the founders of the Zurich group, transmitted the Dada movement to Berlin, where it took on a more political character. Among the German artists involved ...
- hausmannite
- a manganese oxide mineral (Mn2+Mn3+2O4) that occurs as brownish black crystals or granular masses in high-temperature hydrothermal veins and in contact metamorphic zones. It is found associated with other oxide ...
- Hausser, Paul
- German SS general and field commander during World War II.
- Haussmann, Georges-Eugene, Baron
- French administrator responsible for the transformation of Paris from its ancient character to the one that it still largely preserves. Though the aesthetic merits of his creations are open to ... [6 Related Articles]
- haustorium
- highly modified stem or root of a parasitic plant, such as mistletoe or dodder, or a specialized branch or tube originating from a hairlike filament (hypha) of a fungus. The ... [11 Related Articles]
- haustra
- (from the article "digestive system, human") ...is a thin coating of longitudinal muscle fibres. Because the taeniae are slightly shorter than the large intestine, the intestinal wall constricts and forms circular furrows of varying depths called ...
- Haut Poitou
- (from the article "Poitou") Physiographically, Poitou consists of two smaller regions, Haut (High) Poitou at the southern end of the Massif Armoricain and Bas (Low) Poitou about the periphery. The Vendee is a northern ...
- hautbois baryton
- (from the article "oboe") ...with a globular bell like that of the cor anglais. It was much employed by Bach and is also used in several 20th-century works. Instruments pitched an octave below the ...
- hautboy
- (from the article "Music in Shakespeare's Plays") ...instrumentalists. A more typical Globe Theatre production would have made do with a trumpeter, another wind player who doubtless doubled on shawm (a double-reed ancestor of the oboe, called "hoboy" ...
- haute couture
- (from the article "Chanel, Coco") French fashion designer who ruled over Parisian haute couture for almost six decades. Her elegantly casual designs inspired women of fashion to abandon complicated, uncomfortable clothes and to adopt her ...
- haute cuisine
- (from the article "nouvelle cuisine") ...haute cuisine developed during the 1960s and '70s that stressed freshness, lightness, and clarity of flavour. In reaction to some of the richer and more calorie-laden extravagances of classic French ...
- haute ecole
- (from the article "horsemanship") Haute ecole is the most elaborate and specialized form of dressage, reaching its ultimate development at the Vienna school in its traditional white Lippizaner horses. Some characteristic haute ecole airs, ...
- Haute-Garonne
- (from the article "Midi-Pyrenees") ...of France encompassing the southwestern departements of Lot, Aveyron, Tarn, Tarn-et-Garonne, Gers, Hautes-Pyrenees, Haute-Garonne, and Ariege. Midi-Pyrenees is bounded by the regions of Aquitaine ...
- Haute-Loire
- (from the article "Auvergne") ...region and historical region of France encompassing the central departements of Allier, Puy-de-Dome, Cantal, and Haute-Loire. Auvergne is bounded by the regions of Centre ...
- Haute-Marne
- (from the article "Champagne-Ardenne") region of France encompassing the northern departements of Haute-Marne, Aube, Marne, and Ardennes and roughly coextensive with the historical province of Champagne. Champagne-Ardenne is ...
- Haute-Normandie
- region of France comprising the northern departements of Eure and Seine-Maritime and encompassing the northeastern portion of historical Normandy. Haute-Normandie is bounded by the ...
- Haute-Saone
- (from the article "Franche-Comte") region of France encompassing the eastern departements of Jura, Doubs, Haute-Saone, and the Territoire de Belfort. Franche-Comte is bounded by the
- Haute-Savoie
- (from the article "Rhone-Alpes") region of France encompassing the southeastern departements of Loire, Rhone, Ain, Haute-Savoie, Savoie, Isere, Drome, and Ardeche. Rhone-Alpes is bounded by the
- Haute-Vienne
- (from the article "Limousin") region of France encompassing the central departements of Correze, Haute-Vienne, and Creuse. Limousin is bounded by Centre to the north, Auvergne to the east, ...
- Hautefeuille, Jean de
- French physicist who built a primitive internal-combustion engine.
- Hauterivian Stage
- third of six main divisions (in ascending order) in the Lower Cretaceous Series, representing rocks deposited worldwide during the Hauterivian Age, which occurred 136.4 to 130 million years ago during ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hautes-Alpes
- (from the article "Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur") region of France encompassing the southeastern departements of Alpes-Maritimes, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Var, Bouches-du-Rhone, and Vaucluse. Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur is bounded by the
- Hautes-Pyrenees
- (from the article "Midi-Pyrenees") region of France encompassing the southwestern departements of Lot, Aveyron, Tarn, Tarn-et-Garonne, Gers, Hautes-Pyrenees, Haute-Garonne, and Ariege. Midi-Pyrenees is bounded by the
- Hauteville, House of
- line of Norman lords and knights who were founders of fiefdoms and kingdoms in southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th and 12th centuries. The wars fought by members of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hauts-de-Seine
- (from the article "Ile-de-France") ...region of France encompassing the north-central departements of Val-d'Oise, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Ville-de-Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne, Essonne, and Yvelines. Ile-de-France is bounded by the regions of ...
- Hauy, Rene-Just
- French mineralogist and one of the founders of the science of crystallography. [4 Related Articles]
- Hauy, Valentin
- French professor of calligraphy known as the "father and apostle of the blind." He was the brother of Rene-Just Hauy. [2 Related Articles]
- hauynite
- (from the article "sodalite") ...(containing sulfide and having calcium partially replacing sodium). Nosean, found as gray, brown, or blue rounded grains containing inclusions, is a common constituent of volcanic ejecta. Hauynite (hauyne) varies in ...
- Hauz-Khan Reservoir
- (from the article "Turkmenistan") ...the construction of the Karakum Canal, only small areas of wheat, barley, and melons could be cultivated because of the scarcity of water. After the oasis was crossed by the ...
- Havana
- city, capital, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. It also constitutes one of Cuba's 14 provinces. [8 Related Articles]
- Havana Charter
- (from the article "World Trade Organization") ...one of the key pillars of post-World War II reconstruction and economic development. In Havana in 1948, the UN Conference on Trade and Employment concluded a draft charter for the ...
- Havana Company
- (from the article "Cuba") During the 18th century Cuba depended increasingly on the sugarcane crop and on the expansive, slave-based plantations that produced it. In 1740 the Havana Company was formed to stimulate agricultural ...
- Havana, Cathedral of
- (from the article "Havana") One of the first buildings to be restored was the Cathedral of Havana, the church of Havana's patron saint, San Cristobal (St. Christopher); it was constructed in the 18th century ...
- Havana, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...is clearly aimed at supporting the socialist political orientation of the Castro government. Education is free and compulsory at all levels except higher learning, which is free nonetheless. The University ...
- Havant
- (from the article "Havant") town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England, adjoining Portsmouth in the southeastern corner of the county. The small medieval town of Havant, apart from its 12th-century ...
- Havant
- town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England, adjoining Portsmouth in the southeastern corner of the county. The small medieval town of Havant, apart from its 12th-century ...
- Havard-Williams, Peter
- Welsh librarian and international library management consultant whose more than 40-year career included influential posts at university libraries in England, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Canada, and Botswana (b. July 11, ...
- Havas, Charles
- (from the article "publishing, history of") ...of employing a large team of reporters, some of whom could be out of the office for months, proved impossible for smaller papers, thus paving the way for the news ...
- Havasupai
- (from the article "Native American dance") Great Basin Indians, such as the Havasupai of the Grand Canyon and the related Yumans, developed agricultural dances. The Yuman Mojave (Mohave) stress cremation processions and ceremonies, but, like the ...
- Havdala
- a ceremony in Jewish homes and in synagogues concluding the Sabbath and religious festivals. The ceremony consists of benedictions that are recited over a cup of wine (and, on the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Havel River
- tributary of the Elbe River in Germany. It rises on the Mecklenburg Plateau 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Neustrelitz and flows through the Mecklenburg lakes before heading south as ... [1 Related Articles]
- Havel, Vaclav
- Czech playwright, poet, and political dissident, who, after the fall of communism, was president of Czechoslovakia (1989-92) and of the Czech Republic (1993-2003). [5 Related Articles]
- Havell, E. B.
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...and the school consciously tried to produce what it considered a truly Indian art inspired by the creations of the past. Its leading artist was Rabindranath Tagore and its theoretician ...
- Havell, Robert, Jr.
- American landscape painter and printmaker who engraved many of the plates for John James Audubon's four-volume Birds of America (435 hand-coloured plates, 1827-38).
- Havelli
- (from the article "Brandenburg") city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. The city lies on both banks of the Havel River, west of Berlin. It was founded as Branibor (Brennabor, or Brennaburg) by the West ...
- Havelock
- town on the northwest border of Swaziland. Located in the Highveld, it is the site of one of the world's largest asbestos mines. Operations began in the 1930s, and asbestos ...
- Havelock, Eric
- (from the article "writing") ...of a long historical evolution. This efficiency is a product of a limited and manageable set of graphs that can express the full range of meanings in a language. As ...
- Havelock, Sir Henry
- British soldier in India who distinguished himself in 1857 during the Indian Mutiny. [1 Related Articles]
- Haverford College
- private coeducational institution of higher learning in Haverford, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia. Founded by the Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1833 as a men's school, the Haverford School Association, it was ...
- Haverfordwest
- market town, historic and present county of Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro), southwestern Wales. The town grew up as a walled borough at the head of navigation on an inlet of the ...
- Haverhill
- city, Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S., on the Merrimack River. Founded by the Reverend John Ward in 1640, it was named for Haverhill, England. Early agricultural efforts gave way to ... [2 Related Articles]
- Havering
- outer borough of London, forming part of its northeastern perimeter. Havering belongs to the historic county of Essex. It was created in 1965 from the former borough of Romford and ...
- Haverkamp, Sigebertus
- (from the article "textual criticism") ...and belletristic attitude to technical jargon by publishers, scholars, and users of books in general. Though sigla occur sporadically in editions as early as the 16th century and were used ...
- Haviland Crater
- small, shallow impact crater in farmland near Haviland, Kiowa county, Kansas, U.S. The depression, some 50 feet (15 metres) in diameter, is oval in shape. The first meteorite fragment, now ...
- Haviland ware
- (from the article "Limoges ware") ...of the Royal factory at Sevres, and the decoration of the two wares were similar. Other factories opened after 1797, and Limoges became a mass exporter of porcelain to the ...
- Havirov
- town, northeastern Czech Republic. It lies along the Lucina River (a tributary of the Ostravice), just southeast of Ostrava. It is a planned new town in the Czech part of ...
- Havlicek Borovsky, Karel
- Czech author and political journalist, a master prose stylist and epigrammatist who reacted against Romanticism and through his writings gave the Czech language a more modern character. [3 Related Articles]
- Havlicek, John
- American collegiate and professional basketball player who came to be regarded as the best "sixth man" (bench player) in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA) while a member ... [1 Related Articles]
- Havre
- city, seat (1911) of Hill county, north-central Montana, U.S. It lies along the Milk River, to the east of the Fresno Dam and Reservoir and to the north of the ...
- Havre-de-Grace
- (from the article "Le Havre") Le Havre was only a fishing village until 1517, when Francis I had a harbour built there named Havre-de-Grace ("Haven of Grace"). Enlarged and fortified under the Cardinal de Richelieu ...
- Havre-Saint-Pierre
- village, Cote-Nord ("North Shore") region, eastern Quebec province, Canada. It lies along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, north of Anticosti Island. Settled in 1857 as an ...
- Havrevold, Finn
- (from the article "children's literature") ...waif, is Gjenta fra lands vegen ("The Girl from the Road"); the nonsense versifier Zinken Hopp; the poet Jan-Magnus Bruheim, three of whose collections have won state prizes; Finn Havrevold, ...
- haw
- (from the article "cat, domestic") ...large with pupils that expand or contract to mere slits according to the density of light, do not distinguish colours clearly. Cats have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane, commonly ...
- Hawaii
- constituent state of the United States of America. Hawaii (Hawaiian: Hawai'i) became the 50th U.S. state on Aug. 21, 1959. Hawaii is a group of volcanic islands in the central ... [30 Related Articles]
- Hawaii
- (from the article "volcano") Hawaiian volcanoes are the best examples of hot-spot volcanoes. The five volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii at the southeast end of the Hawaiian chain are all less than ...
- Hawaii
- volcanic island, Hawaii, U.S. It lies southeast of Maui island and constitutes Hawaii county. Known as the Big Island, it is the southeasternmost and largest of the Hawaiian Islands. Its ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
- national park encompassing a volcanic area along the southeastern shore of Hawaii Island, U.S., southwest of Hilo. Established in 1961 and formerly a part of Hawaii National Park, it occupies ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hawaii, flag of
- U.S. state flag consisting of alternating horizontal stripes of white, red, and blue with the Union Jack in the canton.
- Hawaii, University of
- state university system of Hawaii, U.S., consisting of three universities and seven community colleges. Its main campus is the University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu, on the island of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hawaiian
- any of the aboriginal people of Hawaii, descendants of Polynesians who migrated to Hawaii in two waves: the first from the Marquesas Islands, probably about AD 400; the second from ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hawaiian aholehole
- (from the article "aholehole") ...representatives of the other two genera are restricted to freshwater or brackish habitats of Australia. Superficially the aholeholes resemble the freshwater sunfishes (family Centrarchidae). The Hawaiian aholehole (Kuhlia sandvicensis) is ...
- Hawaiian eruption
- (from the article "volcano") The Hawaiian type is similar to the Icelandic variety. In this case, however, fluid lava flows from a volcano's summit and radial fissures to form shield volcanoes, which are quite ...
- Hawaiian guitar
- (from the article "music and dance, Oceanic") ...with this almost entirely Western style of singing, is a local version of the Portuguese bragha, a small guitar imported to Hawaii about 1879. The Hawaiian, or ...
- Hawaiian honeycreeper
- any member of a group of related birds, many of them nectar-eating, that evolved in the forests of the Hawaiian Islands and are found only there. Recent evidence from osteology, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hawaiian Ironman
- (from the article "triathlon") ...(500 yards), run 9.6 km (6 miles), and bike 8 km (5 miles). Several years later John Collins, a U.S. Navy officer stationed in Hawaii who had finished 35th in ...
- Hawaiian language
- (from the article "biblical literature") In Oceania, the New Testament was rendered into Tahitian and Javanese in 1829 and into Hawaiian and Low Malay in 1835. By 1854 the whole Bible had appeared in all ...
- Hawaiian monk seal
- (from the article "monk seal") ...monk seal (M. tropicalis) was thought to be extinct by the early 1970s. The surviving species, both in danger of extinction, are the Mediterranean monk seal (M. monachus) and the ...
- Hawaiian region
- (from the article "biogeographic region") The Hawaiian region (Figure 2) consists of Hawaii and boasts a few endemic invertebrate families and one avian family, Drepanididae (Hawaiian honeycreepers).
- Hawaiian Ridge
- (from the article "ocean") The Hawaiian-Emperor chain is the best displayed aseismic ridge. Earthquakes do occur here, but only at the end of the ridge where volcanism is current-in this case, on the island ...
- Hawaiian sling
- (from the article "spearfishing") Underwater weapons range from simple hand spears to guns capable of penetrating the largest fish. The simplest weapon is the Hawaiian sling, a wooden tube with an elastic loop at ...
- Hawaiki
- (from the article "Maori") ...people of New Zealand. Their traditional history describes their origins in terms of waves of migration that culminated in the arrival of a "great fleet" in the 14th century from ...
- hawala
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...annually. Much income is likely transferred through unofficial channels-either by hand or through the services of the traditional system of money exchanges known as hawala-and the total ...
- Hawali, Safar al-
- (from the article "Saudi Arabia") ...'ulama' formed its core. It was a loose agglomeration of various trends, but the main spokesmen were two charismatic preachers, Salman al-'Awdah and Safar al-Hawali. Their main grievance was that ...
- Hawar Islands
- (from the article "Bahrain") ...to the island, and its displeasure with the American presence in Bahrain have helped to strain relations between it and Bahrain. Resolution in 2001 of the dispute between Bahrain and ...
- Hawara, Pyramid of
- (from the article "Petrie, Sir Flinders") ...discoveries in the Al-Fayyum region of Egypt. At Gurob he found numerous papyri and Aegean pottery that substantiated dates of ancient Greek civilizations, including the Mycenaean. At the Pyramid of ...
- Hawarden
- town, historic and present county of Flintshire (Sir Fflint), northeastern Wales. Hawarden Castle (1752) was the home of William E. Gladstone, the Victorian prime minister, for 60 years. St. Deiniol's ...
- Hawarden Castle
- (from the article "Flintshire") ...Edward I of England achieved a final conquest of the area in 1284. That same year he formed the county of Flintshire and gave the castle at Caergwrle to his ...
- Hawaryat, Girmacchaw Takla
- (from the article "African literature") ...new Ethiopian literary trend was disrupted by the Italian conquest of 1936. However, a novel in the same critical vein, Ar'aya, was published in 1948-49 by Girmacchaw Takla Hawaryat. The ...
- Hawatmeh, Na'if
- Palestinian politician who founded the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) and was its secretary-general from 1969. [1 Related Articles]
- Hawazin
- (from the article "Muhammad") The Islamization of Arabia, however, was not as yet complete. The Hawazin tribe rose against Muhammad, and the city of Ta'if, which had treated him so harshly during his Meccan ...
- Hawd Plateau
- plateau sloping southeastward and spanning the northern Ethiopian-Somali border, southeast of the northern Somalian highlands. It covers an area of about 25,000 square miles (64,750 square km) and slopes from ...
- Hawea Lake
- lake in west-central South Island, New Zealand. The lake lies at the heart of a resort area 182 miles (293 km) northwest of Dunedin by road. It occupies 54 square ...
- Hawera
- town, western North Island, New Zealand. The original settlement, situated on the east Waimate Plain, 2 miles (3 km) from the coast of South Taranaki Bight, on the Tasman Sea, ...
- Hawes, Harriet Ann Boyd
- American archaeologist who gained renown for her discoveries of ancient remains in Crete.
- Hawes, Josiah Johnson
- (from the article "Southworth & Hawes") ...Fairlee, Vt., U.S.-d. March 3, 1894Charlestown, Mass.) and Josiah Johnson Hawes (b. Feb. 20, 1808East Sudbury [now Wayland], Mass., U.S.-d. Aug. 7,...art and history of photography
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