| | - Hatchett, Charles
- English manufacturer, chemist, and discoverer in 1801 of niobium, which he called columbium. [2 Related Articles]
- hatching
- (from the article "animal development") ...maternal body, the newly formed individual emerges. The new animal is then born (ejected from the mother's body) or hatched from the egg. The condition of the new organism at ...
- hatching
- technique used by draftsmen, engravers, and other artists who use mediums that do not allow blending (e.g., pen and ink) to indicate shading, modeling, and light and shade. It consists ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hatchlands
- (from the article "Adam, Robert") The first Adam interiors at Hatchlands (1758-61), Surrey, and Shardeloes (1759-61), Buckinghamshire, were still near-Palladian, but by 1761 his mature style was developing. Commissions from this time include Harewood House, ...
- hatchment
- heraldic memorial to a deceased person. The word is a corruption of achievement, the correct term for the full armorial display of shield, helmet, crest, mantling, wreath, and such additaments ... [1 Related Articles]
- hate crime
- harassment, intimidation, or physical violence that is motivated by a bias against characteristics of the victim considered integral to his social identity, such as his race, ethnicity, or religion. Some ...
- Hatfield
- town, Welwyn Hatfield district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England, located on the old Great North Road north of London. Hatfield House, the home of the Cecil family, stands ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hatfield and McCoy Families
- two American Appalachian mountaineer families who, with their kinfolk and neighbours, engaged in a legendary feud that attracted nationwide attention in the 1880s and '90s and prompted judicial and police ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hatfield and McCoy Families
- two American Appalachian mountaineer families who, with their kinfolk and neighbours, engaged in a legendary feud that attracted nationwide attention in the 1880s and '90s and prompted judicial and police ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hatfield Chase
- (from the article "Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius") An experienced embankment engineer, Vermuyden was employed in 1626 by King Charles I of England to drain Hatfield Chase on the isle of Axholme, Yorkshire. Jointly financed by Dutch and ...
- Hatfield House
- (from the article "Hatfield") town, Welwyn Hatfield district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England, located on the old Great North Road north of London. Hatfield House, the home of the Cecil family, stands ...
- Hatfield, Hurd
- American actor whose long distinguished stage, screen, and television career was overshadowed by his brilliant portrayal of the handsome, aristocratic, but ultimately corrupt title character in the 1945 film version ...
- Hatfield, Robert Lee
- American singer (b. Aug. 10, 1940, Beaver Dam, Wis.-d. Nov. 5, 2003, Kalamazoo, Mich.), was one-half of the Righteous Brothers "blue-eyed soul" singing duo, whose 1964 recording "You've Lost That ...
- Hatha Yoga
- school of Yoga that stresses mastery of the body as a way of attaining a state of spiritual perfection in which the mind is withdrawn from external objects. Hatha Yoga ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hathaway, Anne
- wife of William Shakespeare. [3 Related Articles]
- Hatherly, Ana
- (from the article "Portuguese literature") ...poets of the second half of the 20th century. A lively experimental poetry movement beginning in the 1960s promoted vanguardist theories and anthologies. It was led by E.M. de Melo ...
- Hathor
- in ancient Egyptian religion, goddess of the sky, of women, and of fertility and love. Hathor's worship originated in early dynastic times (3rd millennium BCE). The name Hathor means "estate ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hathras
- city, west-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies south of Aligarh city, with which it is connected by road and rail. It is a trade centre for agricultural products, ...
- Hatia Islands
- cluster of islands situated in the Meghna estuary of the Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River) delta, southeastern Bangladesh. The largest of these, South Hatia Island, is a low-lying land mass ...
- hatif
- in Arab folklore, a mysterious nocturnal voice that is sometimes prophetic. A hatif is mentioned in the Bible (Ezekiel 21:2 and 7; Amos 7:16) as a prophet's voice, and it ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hatoyama Ichiro
- one of Japan's most important post-World War II prime ministers. [1 Related Articles]
- hatpin
- long, ornamental pin used for decoration and for fastening a woman's hat securely to her hair. In the late Victorian era and the beginning of the 20th century, the hatpin ...
- hatpin urchin
- (from the article "sea urchin") The largest urchin (known from a single specimen) is Sperostoma giganteum of deep waters off Japan. Hatpin urchins, such as Centrostephanus longispinus of the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, Diadema (formerly ...
- Hatra
- ruined city located in the Al-Jazirah region of present-day northern Iraq, 180 miles (290 km) northwest of Baghdad and 68 miles (110 km) southwest of Mosul. A religious and trading ... [6 Related Articles]
- Hats
- (from the article "Sweden") During this period a dual-party system evolved; the parties were known by the nicknames "Nightcaps" (or "Caps") and "Hats." Both parties were mercantilist, but the Nightcaps were the more prudent. ...
- Hatschek's pit
- (from the article "endocrine system") The cephalochordate brain contains neurosecretory neurons that possibly are related to a structure called Hatschek's pit, located near the brain. Hatschek's pit appears to be related to the neural gland ...
- Hatshepsut
- female king of Egypt (reigned in her own right c. 1473-58 BC) who attained unprecedented power for a woman, adopting the full titles and regalia of a pharaoh. [9 Related Articles]
- Hatshepsut, temple of
- (from the article "Dayr al-Bahri") ...ancient Egyptian structures on the site, one, the funerary temple of King Mentuhotep II (built c. 1970 BCE), has lost much of its superstructure. The second, the terraced temple of ...
- Hatsopoulos, George N.
- (from the article "thermionic power converter") ...American chemist Irving Langmuir had developed sufficient understanding of thermionic emission to build basic devices, but little progress was made until 1956. That year another American scientist, George N. Hatsopoulos, ...
- hatta't
- (from the article "sacrifice") In ancient Judaism the hatta't, or "sin offering," was an important ritual for the expiation of certain, especially unwittingly committed, defilements. The guilty laid their hands upon the head of ...
- Hatta, Mohammad
- a leader of the Indonesian independence movement who was prime minister (1948-50) and vice president (1950-56) of Indonesia. [3 Related Articles]
- Hattala, Martin
- (from the article "Slovak language") ...until a group led by the Protestant L'udovit Stur (1815-56) began to write in the central Slovak dialects. The language of these writings, as modified and codified by Martin Hattala ...
- Hatteras Abyssal Plain
- submarine plain forming the floor of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. It lies east of the North American continental shelf between the southern United States and Bermuda, extending about 900 mi ...
- Hatteras Island
- (from the article "Cape Hatteras National Seashore") scenic coastal area situated on Bodie, Hatteras, and Ocracoke islands along the Outer Banks, eastern North Carolina, U.S. The park, the country's first national seashore, was authorized in 1937 and ...
- Hatteras, Cape
- long, narrow, curved sandbar forming a promontory on Hatteras Island, the southeasternmost point of the Outer Banks, North Carolina, U.S. Treacherous shallows to the southeast in the Atlantic Ocean long ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hattian
- (from the article "Bogazkoy") Hattus was the name of the city also in the language of the early inhabitants of the "Land of Hatti," a language still little understood and not belonging to any ...
- Hattian language
- non-Indo-European language of ancient Anatolia. The Hattian language appears as hattili 'in Hattian' in Hittite cuneiform texts. Called Proto-Hittite by some, Hattian was the language of the linguistic substratum inside ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hattian religion
- (from the article "Anatolian religion") ...the south and west, and the Palaians in the north were speakers of related Indo-European languages. In the southeast were the Hurrians, comparatively late arrivals from the region of Lake ...
- Hattiesburg
- city, seat (1908) of Forrest county, southeastern Mississippi, U.S., on the Leaf and Bouie rivers, 70 miles (113 km) north of Gulfport. The city, in a longleaf-pine forest area, was ...
- Hattin, Battle of
- (July 4, 1187), battle in northern Palestine that marked the defeat and annihilation of the Christian Crusader armies of Guy de Lusignan, king of Jerusalem (reigned 1186-92), by the Muslim ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hatto I
- archbishop of Mainz and counsellor to the German king Arnulf of Bavaria, the last East Frankish Carolingian emperor; as regent for Arnulf's son Louis the Child (900-911), he governed the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hatto, Joyce
- (from the article "Performing Arts") An early and inadvertent benefit of the new technology was the discovery of a stunning hoax. When a Gramophone magazine critic entered a CD by the late British pianist Joyce ...
- Hatton, John Liptrot
- composer of light music, operas, and songs, popular in England in the 19th century. An accomplished singer and pianist as well as a theatre composer and conductor, he produced operettas ...
- Hatton, Ragnhild Marie Hanssen
- Norwegian historian and author of important biographical studies of Kings Charles XII of Sweden, Louis XIV of France, and George I of England (b. Feb. 10, 1913--d. May 16, 1995).
- Hatton, Ricky
- (from the article "Boxing") ...counterpunch his way to a 12-round split decision and win the World Boxing Council (WBC) super welterweight title. Mayweather followed the victory with a 10th-round knockout of previously undefeated Ricky ...
- Hatton, Sir Christopher
- favourite of Queen Elizabeth I and lord chancellor of England from 1587 to 1591.
- Hattusilis I
- (reigned c. 1650-c. 1620 BC), early king of the Hittite Old Kingdom in Anatolia. [5 Related Articles]
- Hattusilis III
- Hittite king during the New Kingdom (reigned c. 1286-c. 1265 BC); he came to power by overthrowing his nephew Urhi-Teshub (Mursilis III). [6 Related Articles]
- hatuna
- (from the article "Judaism") ...Many Conservative and Reform congregations have instituted a similar ceremony, called the bat mitzvah, to celebrate the coming-of-age of girls. Marriage (hatuna, also qiddushin, ...
- haty
- (from the article "death") The anatomical heart was the haty, the word ib referring to the heart as a metaphysical entity embodying not only thought, intelligence, memory, and wisdom, but also bravery, sadness, and ...
- Hatzfeld, Adolphe
- (from the article "Darmesteter, Arsene") ...on the Formation of Words . . .") and La Vie des mots . . . (1887; The Life of Words . . .). He collaborated with the French linguists ...
- Hatzfeldt, Melchior, Graf von Gleichen und
- (count of Gleichen and) a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War (1618-48). Though active in every theatre of war, he proved no match for ...
- Hatzfeldt, Sophie
- (from the article "Lassalle, Ferdinand") In 1846, in Dusseldorf, he met the unhappily married countess Sophie Hatzfeldt, who was trying to divorce her husband. Although not a lawyer, Lassalle conducted 35 lawsuits in her behalf ...
- Hatzidakis, Georgios N.
- the first and most important linguist of modern Greece, noted for his studies of ancient, medieval, and modern Greek and for his initiation of the Historical Lexicon of the Greek ...
- Hau'ofa, Epeli
- (from the article "Oceanic literature") ...explains that he has "decided to become the second Robert Louis Stevenson, a tusitala or teller of tales, but with a big difference. I want to write a novel about ...
- Hau, Lene Vestergaard
- In 2001 Danish scientist Lene Vestergaard Hau became one of the all-time most prominent women physicists when the journal Nature published a paper in which Hau and a team of ...
- Hauben, Lawrence
- (from the article "1975: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Frank Pierson for Dog Day AfternoonAdapted Screenplay: Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman for One Flew over the Cuckoo's NestCinematography: John Alcott for Barry LyndonArt Direction: Ken Adam and ...
- hauberk
- (from the article "military technology") ...hauberk, which was a later version of the Saxon byrnie that was split to permit the wearer to sit astride his horse. Though 11th-century men-at-arms probably did not have complete ...
- Haubner, Ursula
- (from the article "Austria") ...high office. The appointment of Hubert Gorbach, a notable representative of the FPO's liberal wing, as vice-chancellor in late 2003 brought stability to the coalition, as did the appointment of ...
- Hauch, Johannes Carsten
- Danish poet, dramatist, and novelist whose works expressed his high moral seriousness and tragic outlook.
- Hauer, Josef
- (from the article "12-tone music") ...composition. The Austrian-born composer Arnold Schoenberg is credited with the invention of this technique, although other composers (e.g., the American composer Charles Ives and the Austrian Josef Hauer) anticipated Schoenberg's ...
- haufe
- (from the article "tactics") ...French chivalry at Courtrai in 1302. Subsequently they became the specialty of the Swiss, who, for topographical and economic reasons, never had much use for horses and knightly trappings. A ...
- Haufebecher
- (German: "stacking cup"), beaker, usually of silver, that is part of a set that can be stacked or piled up. Pieces are made so that the base of one fits ...
- Haufendorfer
- (from the article "Germany") The most striking feature of the rural settlement pattern in western Germany is probably the concentration of farmyards into extremely large villages, known as Haufendorfer. These villages ...
- Hauff, Wilhelm
- German poet and novelist best known for his fairy tales.
- Haug, Emile
- French geologist and paleontologist known for his contributions to the theory of geosynclines (trenches that accumulate thousands of metres of sediment and later become crumpled and uplifted into mountain chains).
- Haug, Thorleif
- Norwegian Nordic skier who won three gold medals and a bronze at the inaugural Winter Olympics at Chamonix, France, in 1924. His bronze medal was revoked 50 years later. [1 Related Articles]
- Hauge, Alfred
- Norwegian novelist and poet, best known for his trilogy describing the life of a Norwegian immigrant to the United States in the 1820s: Hundevakt (1961; "Midwatch"), Landkjenning (1964; "Land Sighting"), ...
- Hauge, Hans Nielsen
- (from the article "Norway, Church of") ...in 1737 by Erik Pontoppidan, a Danish-Norwegian Lutheran professor and bishop, extensively influenced Norwegian religious life for about 200 years. A Pietistic revival from 1797 to 1804 was led by ...
- Haugen, Greg
- (from the article "Whitaker, Pernell") ...Ramirez of Mexico for the World Boxing Council (WBC) lightweight title on March 12, 1988, Whitaker came back to win the International Boxing Federation (IBF) lightweight title from American Greg ...
- Haugesund
- town, southwestern Norway. A North Sea port, Haugesund is a shipbuilding and repair centre and has a 928-foot (283-metre) drydock that was the largest in Scandinavia at its completion in ...
- Haughey, Charles
- prime minister of Ireland from 1979 to 1981, from March to December 1982, and from 1987 to 1992. [6 Related Articles]
- Haughton, Billy
- American harness-racing driver and trainer. He was the foremost driver in annual winnings in 1952-59, 1963, 1965, and 1967-68.
- Haughton, Percy Duncan
- innovative American college football coach whose Harvard University teams (1908-16) won 71 games, lost 7, and tied 5.
- Haughwout Department Store
- (from the article "skyscraper") ...increase in urban commerce in the United States in the second half of the 19th century augmented the need for city business space, and the installation of the first safe ...
- Haugwitz, Christian, Count von
- in full Christian August Heinrich Kurt, Graf Von Haugwitz Prussian minister and diplomat, the principal author of Prussian foreign policy from 1792 to 1806, who was held largely responsible for ...
- Haugwitz, Friedrich Wilhelm von
- (from the article "Maria Theresa") Realizing the need for a sizable standing army and in order to maintain one, Maria Theresa accepted the plans of Count Friedrich Wilhelm Haugwitz-the first in a succession of remarkable ...
- Hauhau
- any of the radical members of the Maori Pai Marire (Maori: "Good and Peaceful") religion, founded in 1862 in Taranaki on North Island, New Zealand. The movement was founded by ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hauksbee, Francis, The Elder
- self-educated English scientist and eclectic experimentalist whose discoveries came too early for contemporary appreciation of their significance. [1 Related Articles]
- Hauksbee, Francis, The Younger
- English instrument maker, scientist, and lecturer. He may have been a son of Francis Hauksbee the Elder.
- haulage
- (from the article "coal mining") Haulagecoal miningHaulageCoal haulage, the transport of mined coal from working faces to the surface, is a major factor in underground-mine ...
- Haumea
- unusual dwarf planet orbiting the Sun in the Kuiper belt beyond Pluto. It was discovered in 2003 by a team of American astronomers at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. Originally called ...
- haunching
- (from the article "bridge") ...or bolted to a vertical web. While beams for short spans are usually of a constant depth, beams for longer spans are often haunched-that is, deeper at the supports and ...
- Haupe, Wlodzimierz
- (from the article "animation") ...evolution of animation in Eastern Europe was impeded by World War II, but several countries-in particular Poland, Hungary, and Romania-became world leaders in the field by the 1960s. Wlodzimierz Haupe ...
- Haupt, Herman
- American civil engineer and inventor, known especially for his work on the Hoosac Tunnel in Massachusetts.
- Haupt, Moritz
- (from the article "textual criticism") ...below. The Lachmannian model of recension derived added authority from seemingly analogous models in other fields, especially that of comparative philology. As propagated by disciples, notably Moritz Haupt, it dominated ...
- Haupt-und-Staatsaktionen
- (from the article "theatre, Western") ...his way into all the improvised comedies of the day. As the proportion of German actors in the English companies increased, a more indigenous drama developed known as
- Hauptman, Herbert A.
- American mathematician and crystallographer who, along with Jerome Karle, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985. They developed mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hauptmann, Bruno
- German-born American carpenter and burglar who in 1935 was convicted of kidnapping and murdering the 21-month-old son of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. [1 Related Articles]
- Hauptmann, Gerhart
- German playwright, poet, and novelist who was a recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1912. [1 Related Articles]
- Hauptmann, Moritz
- German violinist, composer, teacher, and writer on musical theory.
- Hauptschule
- (German: "head school"), in Germany, five-year upper elementary school preparing students for vocational school, apprenticeship in trade, or the lower levels of public service. First introduced in West Germany in ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hauptwerk
- (from the article "keyboard instrument") Seventeenth- and 18th-century German organs were usually constructed on Werk-principle lines: each department of the instrument, or Werk, was separately cased, the Hauptwerk (main manual) in front of and above ...
- Hauraki Gulf
- large gulf of the South Pacific Ocean indenting eastern North Island, New Zealand. It is entered from the north by the Jellicoe and Cradock channels (west and east of Little ...
- Hauriou, Maurice-Jean-Claude-Eugene
- French political scientist and educator whose theoretical work on public law contributed to the development of French administrative law. [1 Related Articles]
- Haurvatat
- (from the article "amesha spenta") ...this power in action guided by Excellent Order and Good Mind. Spenta Armaiti (Beneficent Devotion), the spirit of devotion and faith, guides and protects the believer. She presides over Earth. ...
- Haury, Emil W.
- American anthropologist and archaeologist who investigated the ancient Indian civilizations of the southwestern United States and South America. His main concerns were the preceramic and ceramic archaeology of the southwestern ...
- Hausa
- people found chiefly in northwestern Nigeria and adjacent southern Niger. They constitute the largest ethnic group in the area, which also contains another large group, the Fulani, perhaps one-half of ... [14 Related Articles]
- Hausa Bakwai
- (from the article "Kano") ...kingdom and traditional emirate in northern Nigeria. According to the Kano Chronicle (1890s), the best-known native history of the Hausa people, the Kano kingdom was founded as one of the ...
- Hausa language
- the most important indigenous lingua franca in West and Central Africa, spoken as a first or second language by about 40-50 million people. It belongs to the Western subdivision of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hausa literature
- (from the article "African literature") There has been a tradition of Arabic writing in Hausaland (northern Nigeria and Niger) since the end of the 15th century. The Hausa language has been written in the Arabic ...
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