| | - Habre, Hissene
- (from the article "Chad") Many in Chad welcomed the African Union's decision in July to request the prosecution of former president Hissene Habre, who was allegedly responsible for thousands of deaths; he would be ...
- Habrobracon
- (from the article "aging") There are, however, serious objections to the somatic mutation theory. The wasp Habrobracon is an insect that reproduces parthenogenetically (i.e., without the need of sperm to fertilize the egg). It ...
- Habsburg, House of
- royal German family, one of the principal sovereign dynasties of Europe from the 15th to the 20th century. [71 Related Articles]
- Habsburg-Este, House of
- (from the article "Italy") ...the daughter of Francis I and Napoleon's second wife. At her death the duchy was to revert to the Bourbon-Parma family, which was also temporarily placed in charge of the ...
- Habsburg-Lorraine, House of
- (from the article "Italy") ...Bourbon-Parma family, which was also temporarily placed in charge of the duchy of Lucca. The Habsburg-Este family returned to Modena and inherited the duchy of Massa in 1825. Also in ...
- Habshi
- African and Abyssinian slaves in pre-British India. The name derives from the Arabic word Habashi, meaning Abyssinian, through its Persian form. Such slaves, frequently employed by the chiefs of Muslim ...
- habsiyah
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...Sa'd-e Salman (died 1121) composed a number of heartfelt qasidahs during his political imprisonment. They are outstanding examples of the category of habsiyah (prison poem), which usually reveals more of ...
- Habyarimana, Juvenal
- Rwandan army officer and politician (b. March 8, 1937?, Gasizi, Gisenyi province, Ruanda-Urundi--d. April 6, 1994, near Kigali, Rwanda), ruled Rwanda almost single-handedly for more than 20 years after he ... [4 Related Articles]
- hacendado
- (from the article "hacienda") ...of the traditional institutions of rural life. Originating in the colonial period, the hacienda survived in many places late into the 20th century. Labourers, ordinarily Indians, who worked for hacendados ...
- hacha
- (from the article "Native American art") ...a ritual object or trophy representing an actual protective device-worn together with the yugo, or yoke, and the hacha, or axe-used in
- Hacha, Emil
- (from the article "international relations") ...once. Tiso returned to Bratislava to inform the Slovak Diet that the only alternative to becoming a Nazi protectorate was invasion. They complied. All that remained to the new president ...
- Hached, Ferhat
- (from the article "Morocco") ...troubled situation continued until December 1952, when trade unions in Casablanca organized a protest meeting in response to the alleged French terrorist assassination of the Tunisian union leader Ferhat Hached. ...
- Hachem, Joseph
- (from the article "Poker Fever") ...Texas Hold'em Championship drew a record 5,619 entrants, which translated into a prize fund of more than $52 million and a first-place prize of $7.5 million. The 2005 event was ...
- Hachette, Louis-Christophe-Francois
- French publisher who issued a wide range of textbooks, dictionaries, and numerous other publications that gave impetus to French education and culture.
- Hachicha, Neila Charchour
- (from the article "Tunisia") During the year the government stepped up attacks on female human rights activists. Neila Charchour Hachicha, a blogger and the founder of the Parti Liberal Mediterraneen (PLM), and her family ...
- Hachiman
- one of the most popular Shinto deities of Japan; the patron deity of the Minamoto clan and of warriors in general; often referred to as the god of war. Hachiman ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hachiman Plateau
- (from the article "Akita") ...ken (prefecture), northwestern Honshu, Japan, on the Sea of Japan coast. Its area of 4,483 square miles (11,612 square km) is divided between lowlands (west) and a plateau region (east). ...
- Hachinohe
- city, Aomori ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, facing the Pacific Ocean. It was a castle town during the Tokugawa era (1603-1867) and served as a small commercial centre and port for ...
- Hachioji
- city, Tokyo to (metropolis), Honshu, Japan, on the Chuo Line (railway), west of Tokyo. A castle town in the Middle Ages, it prospered as a market and post town during ...
- Hachiro Lagoon
- (from the article "Akita") ...Ou and Dewa mountain ranges, is crossed by rivers flowing into the Sea of Japan. Chief among them are the Yoneshiro River (north), the Omono River (central), and the Ishizawa ...
- Hacho, Mount
- (from the article "Gibraltar") Gibraltar is considered one of the two Pillars of Heracles (Hercules), the other being Mount Hacho, on the African coast opposite. The Pillars, which according to Homer were created when ...
- hachure
- (from the article "map") ...or perspective appearance as envisioned by the cartographer. Little effort was made at true depiction as this was beyond the scope of available information and existing capabilities. Form lines and ...
- hacienda
- in Spanish America, a large landed estate, one of the traditional institutions of rural life. Originating in the colonial period, the hacienda survived in many places late into the 20th ... [6 Related Articles]
- Hacilar
- (from the article "art and architecture, Anatolian") At Hacilar, a Chalcolithic site near Burdur, Turkey, village houses were entered at ground level; their standard plan shows the first evidence of conscious architectural symmetry. Much in evidence among ...
- hackberry
- any of several trees of the genus Celtis, with about 70 species in the hemp family (Cannabaceae), that are valued for their wood or for ornamental qualities. They are distributed ...
- Hackensack
- city, seat (1713) of Bergen county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S., on the Hackensack River, just west of the Hudson River and Manhattan Island, New York City. Originally settled by the ...
- Hackenschmidt, George
- professional wrestler who ranked with Tom Jenkins and Frank Gotch among the greatest in the history of freestyle, or catch-as-catch-can, wrestling. He also held several weight-lifting records. [2 Related Articles]
- hacker
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Another security threat came from zombies, computers that had been surreptitiously taken over by hackers to respond to commands via the Internet. Groups of such machines (popularly called zombie armies, ...
- Hacker, Katharina
- (from the article "Literature") The winner of the 2006 German Book Prize, announced on October 2 on the eve of the Frankfurt Book Fair, was the young author Katharina Hacker for her novel Die ...
- Hacket, Buddy
- American comedian and actor (b. Aug. 31, 1924, New York, N.Y. -d. June 30, 2003, Malibu, Calif.), garnered laughs for more than 50 years with a stand-up routine that utilized ...
- Hackett, Albert
- U.S. screenwriter and playwright (b. Feb. 16, 1900, New York, N.Y.--d. March 16, 1995, New York), collaborated with his first wife, Frances Goodrich, on more than 30 screenplays, many of ...
- Hackett, Grant
- (from the article "Swimming") ...(13 gold, 5 silver, and 4 bronze). Swimmers from 12 countries earned gold medals, and 24 countries had at least one medalist. Though eight athletes won two individual events apiece, ...
- Hackett, James Henry
- American actor, important chiefly for his encouragement of drama in the United States.
- Hackett, Steve
- (from the article "Genesis") ...Phil Collins (b. Jan. 31, 1951London), and Steve Hackett (b. Feb. 12, 1950London).
- hacking
- (from the article "rugby") Representatives of several leading football clubs met in 1863 to try to devise a common set of rules for football. Disputes arose over handling the ball and "hacking," the term ...
- Hackl, Georg
- German luger who was the only singles luger to win three consecutive Olympic gold medals (1992, 1994, and 1998). Hackl's cool demeanour and ability to adapt his sled to race ... [2 Related Articles]
- hackle
- (from the article "industrial glass") ...small mirror.) The edges of the mirror have a fine fibrous or misty texture, called the mist. Surrounding the mist are wider and deeper radial ridges, with slivers of glass ...
- hackly fracture
- (from the article "mineral") ...smooth, curved surfaces that resemble the interior of a seashell; it is commonly observed in quartz and glass. Splintery fracture is breakage into elongated fragments like splinters of wood, while ...
- Hackman, Gene
- American motion-picture actor known for his rugged appearance and his emotionally honest and natural performances. His solid dependability in a wide variety of roles endeared him to the public. [2 Related Articles]
- Hackney
- inner borough of London, in the historic county of Middlesex. Hackney lies north of the City of London and Tower Hamlets, and its eastern boundary is the River Lea. It ...
- hackney
- any carriage plying for hire, although hackney coach usually refers to a four-wheeled carriage drawn by two horses and holding six passengers. Hackneys were introduced into England early in the ...
- Hackney
- stylish carriage horse breed, now used primarily as a show horse. It was developed in the 18th century by crossing Thoroughbreds with the Norfolk trotter, a large-sized trotting harness horse ... [2 Related Articles]
- hackney coach
- (from the article "hackney") any carriage plying for hire, although hackney coach usually refers to a four-wheeled carriage drawn by two horses and holding six passengers. Hackneys were introduced into England early in the ...
- Hackney pony
- heavy harness pony breed derived from the cross of a Hackney horse and a Welsh pony, used almost entirely as a show pony. It has the conformation and high-stepping action ...
- hacksaw
- (from the article "saw") The hand hacksaw has a U-shaped frame and blades 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches) long, 1.25 cm (0.5 inch) wide, and 0.06 cm (0.025 inch) thick that ...
- Hackworth, David Haskell
- colonel (ret.), U.S. Army (b. Nov. 11, 1930, Venice, Calif.-d. May 4, 2005, Tijuana, Mex.), was a highly decorated soldier and a scourge of the U.S. military establishment; he earned ...
- Hadad
- the Old Testament Rimmon, West Semitic god of storms, thunder, and rain, the consort of the goddess Atargatis. His attributes were identical with those of Adad of the Assyro-Babylonian pantheon. ... [3 Related Articles]
- hadada ibis
- (from the article "ibis") The hadada ibis, or hadada (Hagedashia hagedash), of Africa, is a greenish ibis known for its loud call.
- hadal zone
- (from the article "marine ecosystem") ...continental slope and rise. The abyssal zone (between 4,000 and 6,000 metres) represents a substantial portion of the oceans. The deepest region of the oceans (greater than 6,000 metres) is ...
- Hadamard, Jacques-Salomon
- French mathematician who proved the prime number theorem, which states that as n approaches infinity, pi(n) approaches nln n, where pi(n) is the number of positive prime numbers not greater than ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hadano
- city, Kanagawa ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, stretching between Tanzawa-yama (Mt. Tanzawa; north; 5,141 ft [1,567 m]) and the Hadano basin (south). It was a regional commercial centre during the Tokugawa ...
- Hadar
- (from the article "Tlemcen") ...a bustling trade in agricultural products and textile (including silk), leather, and metal handicrafts and has some light industrial development. The population is sharply divided between the Hadars (the middle ...
- Hadar
- site of paleoanthropological excavations in the lower Awash River valley in the Afar region of Ethiopia. It lies along the northernmost part of Africa's Eastern (Great) Rift Valley, about 185 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hadar remains
- (from the article "Hadar") The Hadar remains include partial skeletons of Australopithecus afarensis, a key species in human evolution. Major paleontological work began at Hadar in the early 1970s and was led by the ...
- hadar, al-
- (from the article "Arabia") An age-old antagonism exists between the settled peoples, al-hadar, and the nomadic or pastoral tribes, known as Bedouin (al-badiyah), but many settled tribes also ...
- Hadassah
- American religious organization dedicated to preserving and promoting Jewish social and religious values in the United States and to strengthening ties between U.S. and Israeli Jewish communities. [1 Related Articles]
- Hadassah Medical Center
- (from the article "Jerusalem") The Hadassah Medical Centre at 'En Kerem, one of the most advanced institutions of its kind in the world, treats patients from throughout Israel, as well as from the West ...
- hadd
- (from the article "punishment") ...French, Swiss, or English systems of justice. Traditional Islamic law (Shari'ah) divides crimes into two general categories. Several serious offenses, known as hadd crimes, are specifically mentioned, ...
- Hadd, Al-
- (from the article "Muharraq, Al-") ...lies just north of Al-Muharraq city. Until shortly before Bahraini independence (1971), the air-field served as a Royal Air Force base, the country then being a British-protected state. Al-Hadd, another ...
- Haddad, Malek
- Algerian poet, novelist, and cultural adviser. Haddad abandoned law studies in Aix-en-Provence to write for French and Algerian weeklies and magazines during the Algerian war. His first published book was ...
- Haddawah
- (from the article "Sufism") The great variety of possible forms may be seen by comparing the Haddawah, vagabonds in Morocco, who "do not spoil God's day by work" and the Shadhiliyah with a sober ...
- Hadden, Briton
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") A noteworthy book on magazine history published during the year was The Man Time Forgot by former Yale Daily News editor Isaiah Wilner. The book told the story of Briton ...
- Haddington
- royal burgh (town), East Lothian council area and historic county, southeastern Scotland, on the left bank of the River Tyne. Lying in the direct route of English invaders from the ... [1 Related Articles]
- haddock
- (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), valuable North Atlantic food fish of the cod family, Gadidae, that is often smoked and sold as "finnan haddie." The haddock is a bottom dweller and a carnivore, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Haddon, Alfred Cort
- one of the founders of modern British anthropology. Virtually the sole exponent of anthropology at Cambridge for 30 years, it was largely through his work and especially his teaching that ...
- Haddon, Elizabeth
- (from the article "Haddonfield") borough (town), Camden county, southwestern New Jersey, U.S., a southeastern suburb of Camden. First settled by Francis Collins in 1682, it was later named by Elizabeth Haddon, an English Quaker ...
- Haddonfield
- borough (town), Camden county, southwestern New Jersey, U.S., a southeastern suburb of Camden. First settled by Francis Collins in 1682, it was later named by Elizabeth Haddon, an English Quaker ...
- Hadean Eon
- (from the article "community ecology") ...found in Greenland and are 3.9 billion years old. They formed at a time when the Earth was fiery with volcanic activity and was pummeled by meteorites. During this time, ...
- Hadejia
- town and traditional emirate, eastern Jigawa state, northern Nigeria. It lies on the northern bank of the Hadejia River (a seasonal tributary of the Komadugu Yobe, which flows into Lake ...
- Hadejia River
- (from the article "Jigawa") ...and south, Kano to the southwest, and Katsina to the northwest. The state consists mostly of plains covered by wooded savanna in the south and scrub vegetation in the north. ...
- Hadeland glass
- (from the article "glassware") In Denmark the Holmegaard glassworks and in Norway the Hadeland glassworks both followed in some respects the example of Swedish glass. At Holmegaard the movement began in the late 1920s ...
- Haden, Charlie
- American bass virtuoso and bandleader, one of the first improvisers to play free jazz and possibly its most influential bassist. [1 Related Articles]
- Haden, Sir Francis Seymour
- (from the article "printmaking") English printmaking of the 19th century centred around two great personalities, Sir Francis Seymour Haden and his brother-in-law, James McNeill Whistler. Haden was a Victorian country gentleman, a surgeon who ...
- Hadera
- city, western Israel. It lies on the Plain of Sharon midway between Tel Aviv-Yafo and Haifa, near the Mediterranean Sea. The first Jewish settlement on the northern coastal plain, Hadera ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hadera, Nahal
- (from the article "Hadera") ...coastal plain, Hadera (from Arabic khadhir, "green") was founded in 1890 by Jewish immigrants from tsarist-ruled Poland and Lithuania. The seasonal watercourse Nahal Hadera (then called by its Arabic name ...
- Haderslev
- city, southeastern Jutland, Denmark. It lies along Haderslev Fjord 9 miles (14 km) from the Little Belt (strait). First recorded in 1228 and chartered in 1292, it suffered in the ...
- Hades
- ("the Rich"), in Greek religion, son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, and brother of the deities Zeus and Poseidon. After Cronus was killed, the kingdom of the underworld fell ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hades
- (from the article "hell") ...BCE), Hades is an underworld god, a chthonic personification of death whose realm, divided from the land of the living by a terrible river, resembles the Mesopotamian land of the ...
- Hades
- (from the article "Hades") in the Greek Old Testament, translation of the Hebrew Sheol, the dwelling place of the dead. See hell.for more content related to this topichell
- Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott, Baronet
- British metallurgist who developed manganese steel, an alloy of exceptional durability that found uses in the construction of railroad rails and rock-crushing machinery. [1 Related Articles]
- Hadhramaut
- region in east-central Yemen, on the Gulf of Aden. The region comprises a hilly area near the coast and an inland valley occupied by a seasonal watercourse, the Wadi Hadramawt, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hadhramaut, Wadi
- (from the article "Yemen") ...the Red Sea through five major watercourses (wadis) and, in the southern part, southward into the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea through three major watercourses. The largest of ...
- Hadi ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman
- (from the article "Mahdist") ...make the Ansar into a religious and political force. In 1959 he was succeeded as imam of the Ansar by his son Siddiq (d. 1961), who in turn was succeeded ...
- Hadi, al-
- fourth caliph of the 'Abbasid dynasty (reigned 785-786). [2 Related Articles]
- Hadi, al-
- (from the article "Arabia, history of") In Yemen lasting movements were being shaped by the close of the 9th century; the imam al-Hadi, a theocratic arbiter-ruler of traditional type, founded the 'Alid Zaydi dynasty in Sa'dah ...
- Hadi, Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad, al-
- Malay Islamic writer and polemicist, journalist, and publisher who made significant contributions to modern Malay nationalism.
- Hadiboh
- (from the article "Socotra") ...agriculture. In the interior, nomads keep cattle and other animals and raise some crops. The island's exports include ghee (clarified butter), fish, and frankincense. The capital and largest town is ...
- Hadid, Zaha
- Iraqi-born British architect known for her radical deconstructivist designs. In 2004 she became the first woman to be awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize. [4 Related Articles]
- Hadimu
- (from the article "Zanzibar") The southern and eastern portions of Zanzibar island have been mainly populated by a Bantu-speaking people known as the Hadimu; the northern portion of Zanzibar island and the adjacent Tumbatu ...
- Hadith
- record of the traditions or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, revered and received as a major source of religious law and moral guidance, second only to the authority of the ... [26 Related Articles]
- Hadjeray
- (from the article "Chad") ...Lake Chad region and, in the Kanem area, are associated with the Kanembu and Tunjur, who are of Arabic origin. All of these groups are sedentary and coexist with Daza, ...
- Hadjidakis, Manos
- (from the article "1960: Other Winners") ...Gold for ExodusScoring of a Musical Picture: Morris Stoloff and Harry Sukman for Song without EndSong: "Never on Sunday" from Never on Sunday; music and lyrics by Manos HadjidakisHonorary Award: ...
- Hadley cell
- model of the Earth's atmospheric circulation that was proposed by George Hadley (1735). It consists of a single wind system in each hemisphere, with westward and equatorward flow near the ... [7 Related Articles]
- Hadley Rille
- valley on the Moon, typical of the class of features known as sinuous rilles, which are believed to be ancient lava flow channels. The feature was a primary site of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hadley, Arthur T.
- (from the article "Encyclopaedia Britannica") ...It added 11 supplementary volumes to those of the ninth, updating much of the material, especially in history. The editors of the 10th edition were Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Hugh ...
- Hadley, George
- English physicist and meteorologist who first formulated an accurate theory describing the trade winds and the associated meridional (north-south) circulation pattern now known as the Hadley cell.
- Hadley, Henry
- one of the most prominent American composers of his day.
- Hadley, Hopton
- (from the article "Macfadden, Bernarr") In 1897 Macfadden traveled to England where he collaborated with bicycle entrepreneur Hopton Hadley to market the wall-mounted muscle developer that he had created. With Hadley's support, Macfadden founded an ...
- Hadley, James
- (from the article "Godfrey, Thomas") Godfrey's invention was challenged by James Hadley, vice president of the Royal Society in London, who had developed a similar quadrant. In December 1734 Godfrey, with the support of Logan, ...
- Hadley, Jerry
- American opera singer was acclaimed in the U.S. and Europe for his bold stage presence and superb acting ability as well as for his versatile lyric tenor voice that lent ...
- Hadley, John
- British mathematician and inventor who improved the reflecting telescope, producing the first such instrument of sufficient accuracy and power to be useful in astronomy. [1 Related Articles]
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