| | - Hartley, L P
- English novelist, short-story writer, and critic whose works fuse a subtle observation of manners traditional to the English novel with an interest in the psychological nuance.
- Hartley, Marsden
- U.S. painter who, after extensive travels had brought him into contact with a variety of modern art movements, arrived at a distinctive, personal type of Expressionism, seen best in his ...
- Hartley, R. V. L.
- (from the article "information theory") ...that communication channels had maximum data transmission rates, and he derived a formula for calculating these rates in finite bandwidth noiseless channels. Another pioneer was Nyquist's colleague R.V.L. Hartley, whose ...
- Hartlib, Samuel
- English educational and agricultural reformer and a tireless advocate of universal education. [2 Related Articles]
- Hartline, Haldan Keffer
- American physiologist who was a cowinner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of ...
- Hartling, Poul
- Danish politician and diplomat (b. Aug. 14, 1914, Copenhagen, Den.-d. April 30, 2000, Copenhagen), was the longtime leader of the Danish Liberal Party, foreign minister (1968-71), and prime minister (1973-75) ...
- Hartman, Geoffrey H.
- German-born American literary critic and theorist who opposed Anglo-American formalism, brought Continental thought to North American literary criticism, and championed criticism as a creative act. His works treat criticism and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hartman, Phil
- Canadian-born American actor-comedian who, in his eight seasons on the "Saturday Night Live" TV show, built up a huge repertoire of impersonations; he also did voices for the TV cartoon ...
- Hartmann von Aue
- Middle High German poet, one of the masters of the courtly epic. [2 Related Articles]
- Hartmann, Eduard von
- German metaphysical philosopher, called "the philosopher of the unconscious," who sought to reconcile two conflicting schools of thought, rationalism and irrationalism, by emphasizing the central role of the unconscious mind. [1 Related Articles]
- Hartmann, Louis
- (from the article "spotlight") ...spotlight was the limelight (q.v.), which gave way to such light sources as the arc, electric discharge, and incandescent lamp. The practical lensed spotlight was developed in 1879 by Louis ...
- Hartmann, Nicolai
- one of the dominant figures in German philosophy during the first half of the 20th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Hartmann, Sadakichi
- American art critic, novelist, poet, and man of letters.
- Hartmann, William K.
- (from the article "physical science") ...of smaller solid bodies, suggested that the Earth was also probably subject to heavy bombardment soon after its formation. In line with this, a theory proposed by the American astronomers ...
- Hartnup disease
- inborn metabolic disorder involving the amino acid tryptophan. Normally, one of the metabolic pathways of tryptophan leads to the synthesis of nicotinic acid, or niacin, a vitamin of the B ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hartog, Dirck
- Dutch explorer who made the first recorded exploration of the western coast of Australia. [1 Related Articles]
- Hartog, Jan de
- Dutch-American novelist and playwright who wrote adventure stories in both Dutch and English. [1 Related Articles]
- Hartree method
- (from the article "quantum mechanics") ...between the nucleus and the electrons and between the electrons themselves, as well as weaker magnetic forces arising from the spin and orbital motions of the electrons. Despite these difficulties, ...
- Hartree, Douglas R.
- (from the article "quantum mechanics") ...themselves, as well as weaker magnetic forces arising from the spin and orbital motions of the electrons. Despite these difficulties, approximation methods introduced by the English physicist Douglas R. Hartree ...
- Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport
- (from the article "Jackson, Maynard") ...One of his major achievements was the expansion of Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport into a major transportation hub, "ahead of schedule and under budget." (It was renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International ...
- Hartshorne, Charles
- American philosopher, theologian, and educator known as the most influential proponent of a "process philosophy," which considers God a participant in cosmic evolution. [8 Related Articles]
- Hartshorne, Hugh
- (from the article "personality") ...from psychologists who point out that behavioral consistency across situations and across time is not the rule. For example, in a study of children's moral development, the American psychologists Hugh ...
- Hartshorne, Richard
- (from the article "geography") ...in the United States, who adopted a regional approach; areal variations in human activities, notably land uses, in their environmental settings were described, and homogeneous regions were defined. Richard Hartshorne ...
- Hartsville
- city, Darlington county, northeastern South Carolina, U.S., on Prestwood Lake (an impoundment of Black Creek). The area was first settled in 1760 and grew in the 19th century around Thomas ...
- Hartung, Hans
- French painter of German origins, one of the leading European exponents of a completely abstract style of painting. He became particularly well known for his carefully composed, almost calligraphic arrangements ...
- Hartung, Karl
- (from the article "Western sculpture") The segmented torso, popular with Arp, Laurens, and Picasso earlier, continued to be reinterpreted by Alberto Viani, Bernard Heiliger, Karl Hartung, and Raoul Hague. The emphasis of these sculptors was ...
- Hartwell of Peterborough Court in the City of London, William Michael Berry, Baron
- British newspaper magnate (b. May 18, 1911, Merthyr Tydfil, Wales-d. April 2, 2001, London, Eng.), was chairman and editor in chief of the Daily Telegraph for more than 30 years, ...
- Hartwell, Leland H.
- American scientist who, with Sir Paul M. Nurse and R. Timothy Hunt, shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2001 for discovering key regulators of the cell cycle.
- Harty, Sir Hamilton
- British conductor and composer, noted for his performances of Hector Berlioz.
- Hartz Mountains
- mountains in southern Tasmania, Australia, extending for 30 mi (50 km) north-south. They are heavily glaciated and rise to 4,111 ft (1,253 m) at Hartz Mountain. The lower slopes, clad ...
- Hartz, Peter
- (from the article "Germany") ...to move jobs outside Germany. Volkswagen AG was embroiled in a succession of scandals concerning leading figures in the company, which resulted in three major resignations, including that of Peter ...
- Hartzell, Joseph C.
- (from the article "Tanner, Henry Ossawa") ...Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he was the only African American. In 1888 he moved to Atlanta, Georgia, to open a photography studio, but the venture failed. With ...
- Hartzenbusch, Juan Eugenio
- one of the most successful of the Spanish romantic dramatists, editor of standard editions of Spanish classics, and author of fanciful poetry in a traditional style.
- Hartzer, Marie-Louise
- (from the article "Chevalier, Jules") In 1881 Chevalier sent missionaries to the South Pacific islands of Micronesia and Melanesia. Then, with Marie-Louise Hartzer, he cofounded the Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart at ...
- Haruj al-Aswad, al-
- hilly basaltic plateau of central Libya. A startlingly black expanse (area 15,500 sq mi [40,150 sq km]), it rises out of the surrounding sand to 2,600 ft (800 m) and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Harun ar-Rashid
- fifth caliph of the 'Abbasid dynasty (786-809), who ruled Islam at the zenith of its empire with a luxury in Baghdad memorialized in The Thousand and One Nights (The Arabian ... [14 Related Articles]
- Haruspices
- ancient Etruscan diviners, "entrail observers" whose art consisted primarily in deducing the will of the gods from the appearance presented by the entrails of the sacrificial animal, especially the liver ...
- haruspicy
- (from the article "Anatolian religion") Divination, through which the cause of divine displeasure was ascertained, was mainly of three kinds: augury (divination by flight of birds), haruspicy (divination by examining the entrails of sacrificial animals), ...
- Harut and Marut
- in Islamic mythology, two angels who unwittingly became masters of evil. A group of angels, after observing the sins being committed on earth, began to ridicule man's weakness. God declared ...
- Harvard College Observatory
- (from the article "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics") The Harvard College Observatory was founded in 1839 by the Harvard Corporation at a time when few such facilities existed in the United States. Its 38-cm refractor rivaled the largest ...
- Harvard Mark I
- an early protocomputer, built during World War II in the United States. While Vannevar Bush was working on analog computing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), across town Harvard ... [5 Related Articles]
- Harvard Psychedelic Drug Research Program
- (from the article "Leary, Timothy") ...agent found in certain mushrooms. He concluded that psychedelic drugs could be effective in transforming personality and expanding human consciousness. Along with a colleague, he formed the Harvard Psychedelic Drug ...
- Harvard Square
- (from the article "Massachusetts") ...capital the past seems still alive in three villages: Plimoth Plantation, Old Sturbridge Village, and Shaker Village in Hancock, where the sect established its communal-church concept in the 1780s. Harvard ...
- Harvard University
- oldest institution of higher learning in the United States (founded 1636) and one of the nation's most prestigious. It is one of the Ivy League schools. The main university campus ... [32 Related Articles]
- Harvard University Law School
- (from the article "legal education") ...in 1784 by Tapping Reeve, was the first institution of its kind in the United States. Such independent schools later gave way to university-based law schools, the first of which ...
- Harvard University Library
- largest university library and the first institutional library in what became the United States, established when John Harvard, a young Puritan minister, left his collection of 260 volumes to the ...
- Harvard University Press
- (from the article "Day, Stephen") ...typesetting, appears on the title page of a later volume of the Almanack (1647). When Glover's widow married Henry Dunster, president of Harvard College, Day's press became the forerunner of ...
- Harvard, John
- New England colonist whose bequest permitted the firm establishment of Harvard College. [3 Related Articles]
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- astronomical research institution headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S., on the campus of Harvard University. The CfA was created in 1973 by reorganizing the Harvard College Observatory and the Smithsonian Astrophysical ...
- harvest festival
- (from the article "Buddhism") New Year's festivals demonstrate Buddhism's ability to co-opt preexisting local traditions. On the occasion of the New Year, images of the Buddha in some countries are taken in procession through ...
- harvest fish
- (from the article "butterfish") ...triacanthus), are noted for taking shelter when young among the tentacles of jellyfishes. The dollarfish and several other species of butterfishes are commonly used as food. Among these are the ...
- Harvest Home
- traditional English harvest festival, celebrated from antiquity and surviving to modern times in isolated regions. Participants celebrate the last day of harvest in late September by singing, shouting, and decorating ...
- harvest moon
- the full moon nearest the autumnal equinox (about September 23). Near the time of the autumnal equinox, the angle of the moon's orbit relative to the Earth's horizon is at ...
- harvest mouse
- either of two genera of small mice: the American harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys) or the Old World harvest mouse (Micromys).
- harvester
- (from the article "harvester") in farming, any of several machines for harvesting; the design and function of harvesters varies widely according to crop. See binder; combine; corn harvester; cotton harvester; header; reaper; thresher; windrower. ...
- harvester
- any of a group of predatory insects in the gossamer-winged butterfly family, Lycaenidae (order Lepidoptera), that are rapid fliers and are distinguished by iridescent wings that are usually brownish above ...
- harvester ant
- any of several different genera of ants (e.g., Messor, Atta, Pheidole, Pogonomyrmex) that gather seeds and leaves. Messor species collect, husk, and store seeds in their nests. Atta species collect ... [2 Related Articles]
- Harvester case
- (from the article "organized labour") ...compulsory union membership-a change that led to a dramatic increase in union coverage. In Australia a further crucial development came in 1907, with the Arbitration Court's judgment in the Harvester ...
- harvesting
- (from the article "cocoa") Harvesting of cocoa beans can proceed all year, but the bulk of the crop is gathered in two flush periods occurring from October to February and from May to August. ...
- Harvey House
- (from the article "Harvey, Fred") American restaurateur, who operated a chain of restaurants along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, each called the Harvey House and often staffed by "Harvey Girls."museum in Belen
- Harvey Mudd College
- (from the article "Claremont Colleges") ...liberal arts colleges and graduate institutions in Claremont, California, U.S. The consortium comprises five undergraduate schools (Pomona College, Scripps College, Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, and Pitzer College) and ...
- Harvey, David
- (from the article "geography") Stimulating and growing out of these arguments were three main strands of work. In the first, geographers led by David Harvey (who was Cambridge-trained but worked largely in the United ...
- Harvey, E(dmund) Newton
- U.S. zoologist and physiologist whose work in marine biology contributed to the early study of bioluminescence. From 1911 until his retirement in 1956 he taught at Princeton University, becoming H.F. ...
- Harvey, Fred
- American restaurateur, who operated a chain of restaurants along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, each called the Harvey House and often staffed by "Harvey Girls."
- Harvey, Gabriel
- English writer and friend of the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser; the latter celebrated their friendship in The Shepheardes Calender (1579) through the characters of Hobbinol (Harvey) and Colin Clout (Spenser). ... [2 Related Articles]
- Harvey, Hayward A
- versatile American inventor who discovered the modern method of strengthening armour plating. [1 Related Articles]
- Harvey, Jean-Charles
- (from the article "Canadian literature") In fiction Jean-Charles Harvey attacked bourgeois ideology in Les Demi-Civilises (1934; "The Half-Civilized"; Eng. trans. Sackcloth for Banner and Fear's Folly), which was condemned by the Roman Catholic Church, resulting ...
- Harvey, Neil
- Australian cricketer who was noted as an outstanding left-handed batsman.
- Harvey, Paul
- In 2001 American broadcaster Paul Harvey was off the air for part of the year after damaging a vocal cord. His vastly popular radio programs, however, passed major milestones: The ...
- Harvey, PJ
- British singer-songwriter and guitarist whose mythically pitched, fanatically intense recordings and concerts set new standards for women in rock.
- Harvey, Sir John Martin
- English actor, producer, and theatre manager.
- Harvey, William
- English physician and discoverer of the true nature of the circulation of the blood and of the function of the heart as a pump. Functional knowledge of the heart and ... [18 Related Articles]
- Harvey-Jones, Sir John Henry
- British businessman as chairman and CEO (1982-87) of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), combined an ebullient personality, sharp business acumen, and willingness to make tough, often unpopular, decisions to turn ICI ...
- Harvick, Kevin
- (from the article "Automobile Racing") ...then two of Toyota team owner-driver Michael Waltrip's employees were suspended indefinitely when his Toyota's engine was found to contain an allegedly speed-boosting additive. In the race itself, Kevin Harvick, ...
- Harwich
- town (parish) and seaport, Tendring district,administrative and historic county of Essex, England. It occupies the tip of a small peninsula projecting into the estuary of the Rivers Stow and Orwell.
- Harwich
- town (township), Barnstable county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the southern coast of Cape Cod. Named for Harwich, England, it was settled about 1655 and incorporated in 1694. Once ...
- Harwood, Gwen
- (from the article "Australian literature") ...of fine poets. Although Vivian Smith (New Selected Poems [1995]) does not quite fit with this group, he continued the practice of meditative lyric and so may be mentioned here. ...
- Harwood, Richard Lee
- American journalist (b. March 29, 1925, Chilton, Wis.-d. March 19, 2001, Bethesda, Md.), was a top editor at the Washington Post. After working for newspapers in Tennessee and Kentucky, Harwood ...
- Harwood, Ronald
- (from the article "2002: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Pedro Almodovar for Talk to HerAdapted Screenplay: Ronald Harwood for The PianistCinematography: Conrad L. Hall for Road to PerditionArt Direction: John Myhre (art direction) and Gordon Sim (set ...
- Haryana
- state in north-central India. It is bounded on the northwest by the state of Punjab and the union territory of Chandigarh, on the north and northeast by the state of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Harz
- most northerly mountain range in Germany, between the Weser and Elbe rivers, occupying parts of the German Lander (states) of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. At its greatest length it extends ... [3 Related Articles]
- Harzburg Front
- (from the article "Hugenberg, Alfred") Hoping to exploit Nazi successes at the polls for his own political ambitions, Hugenberg in 1931 formed the Harzburg Front, an alliance between nationalist, conservative elements and Hitler, to attempt ...
- Has, Wojciech Jerzy
- Polish filmmaker (b. April 1, 1925, Krakow, Pol.-d. Oct. 3, 2000, Lodz, Pol.), won an international following with his surrealist epic The Saragossa Manuscript (1964). After graduating from the Krakow ...
- Hasa, Al-
- (from the article "Hasa, Al-") The Al-Hasa region derives its name from the oasis at its centre. The region is bounded on the north by Kuwait, on the east by the Persian Gulf, on the ...
- Hasa, Al-
- oasis and region in eastern Saudi Arabia. Al-Hasa oasis, the largest oasis in Saudi Arabia, lies about 40 miles (65 km) west of the Persian Gulf. It has about 30,000 ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hasakah, Al-
- town, northeastern Syria. The town lies on the banks of the Khabur River (a tributary of the Euphrates) at its confluence with the Jaghjaghah. Under the Ottoman Empire it lost ...
- Hasan
- a grandson of the Prophet Muhammad (the founder of Islam), the elder son of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He belongs to the group of the five most holy persons of Shi'ah, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Hasan Abdal
- town, northern Pakistan. The town is a textile and communications centre that is connected by the Grand Trunk Road and by rail with Peshawar and Rawalpindi. It has government colleges ...
- Hasan ad-Din
- (from the article "Islamic world") ...ruler, the prince of Tallo, converted; Macassar (now Makassar) became an active centre for Muslim competition with the Dutch into the third quarter of the 17th century, when its greatest ...
- Hasan al-'Askari
- (from the article "Ithna 'Ashariyah") ...Ja'far as-Sadiq, Musa al-Kazim, 'Ali ar-Rida, Muhammad al-Jawad, 'Ali al-Hadi, Hasan al-'Askari, and Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Hujjah-was chosen from the family of his predecessor, not necessarily the eldest son but a ...
- Hasan al-Banna'
- Egyptian political and religious leader who established a new religious society, the Muslim Brotherhood, and played a central role in Egyptian political and social affairs. [1 Related Articles]
- Hasan al-Basri, al-
- deeply pious and ascetic Muslim who was one of the most important relgious figures in early Islam. [4 Related Articles]
- Hasan Buzurg
- (from the article "Jalayirid") Hasan Buzurg, founder of the dynasty, had served as governor of Anatolia (Rum) under the Il-Khan Abu Sa'id (reigned 1317-35). Following the death of Abu Sa'id, Hasan Buzurg competed for ...
- Hasan Kucuk
- (from the article "Jalayirid") ...(reigned 1317-35). Following the death of Abu Sa'id, Hasan Buzurg competed for real control of the empire with his rival, the Chupanid amir Hasan Kucuk ("the Small," so designated to ...
- Hasan of Delhi
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...plays, all handled fluently and presented in technically perfect language. His books on the art of letter writing prove his mastery of high-flown Persian prose. Khosrow's younger contemporary, Hasan of ...
- Hasan Pasa
- (from the article "Iraq") In Baghdad, Hasan Pasa (1704-24), the Ottoman governor of Georgian origin sent from Istanbul, and his son Ahmed Pasa (1724-47) established a Georgian mamluk (slave) household, through which they exercised ...
- Hasan, Mount
- (from the article "Turkey") ...is the extensive area of geologically recent volcanic activity in Nigde, Nevsehir, and Kayseri provinces, including the volcanic peaks of Erciyes (12,848 feet [3,916 metres]) and Hasan (10,686 feet [3,257 ...
- Hasan-e Sabbah
- leader of an Islamic sect, the Nizari Isma'ilites, and commonly believed to be the founder of the order known as the Assassins. [4 Related Articles]
- Hasanlu
- ancient Iranian site located in the Solduz Valley of Azerbaijan. Excavations there have been important for knowledge of the prehistory of northwestern Iran, especially during the late 2nd and early ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hasbani
- (from the article "Jordan River") The Jordan River has three principal sources, all of which rise at the foot of Mount Hermon. The longest of these is the Hasbani, which rises in Lebanon, near Hasbayya, ...
- Hasbayya
- (from the article "Marj 'Uyun") ...River, at an elevation of 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level. Marj 'Uyun is an agricultural market centre serving a tobacco-, cereal-, grape-, and orange-growing region. The nearby town ...
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