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Hecatompylos ... Heimwehr

Hecatompylos: ancient Parthian city in western Khurasan and capital of the Iranian Arsacid dynasty. It might have already fallen into decline when the Seleucids revived it as a military outpost about ...
Hechingen: city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies in the Swabian Alp, southwest of Tubingen. From the 13th century it was the seat of the counts of ...
Hecht, Anthony: American poet whose elegant tone, mastery of many poetic forms, and broad knowledge and appreciation of literary tradition lent his poetry great richness and depth. He was awarded the Pulitzer ...
Hecht, Ben: U.S. novelist, playwright, and film writer who, as a newspaperman in the 1920s, perfected a type of human interest sketch that was widely emulated. His play The Front Page (1928), ...
Hechtia: genus of semidesert plants of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), consisting of about 35 New World species, chiefly tropical. Several species are cultivated indoors as ornamentals.
Heckel, Erich: German painter, printmaker, and sculptor who was one of the founding members of Die Brucke ("The Bridge"), an influential group of German Expressionist artists. He is best known for his ...
heckelphone: double-reed woodwind instrument resembling the baritone oboe. It was perfected by Wilhelm Heckel in 1904 as a result of a request from the composer Richard Wagner about 20 years earlier ...
Hecker, Friedrich: German revolutionary republican politician who led radical forces that demanded that the 1848 revolution establish a republican form of government in Germany.
Hecker, Isaac Thomas: Roman Catholic priest who founded the Paulist Fathers, a diocesan organization for missionary work in New York.
Hecker, Johann Julius: German theologian and educator, significant as the founder of secondary schools in which students were prepared for practical life rather than provided a purely classical education.
Heckman, James J.: American economist, educator, and cowinner (with Daniel McFadden) of the 2000 Nobel Prize for Economics for his development of theory and methods used in the analysis of individual or household ...
Heckmann, Otto: German astronomer noted for his work in measuring stellar positions and for his studies of relativity and cosmology. He also made notable contributions to statistical mechanics.
Heckscher, Eli Filip: Swedish economist and economic historian.
hectare: unit of area in the metric system equal to 100 ares, or 10,000 square metres, and the equivalent of 2.471 acres in the British Imperial System and the United States ...
hectograph: direct-process duplicator using either gelatin or the spirit process for making a master copy.
Hector: in Greek legend, the eldest son of the Trojan king Priam and his queen Hecuba. He was the husband of Andromache and the chief warrior of the Trojan army. In ...
Hecuba: in Greek legend, the principal wife of the Trojan king Priam, mother of Hector, and daughter, according to some accounts, of the Phrygian king Dymas. When Troy was captured by ...
Heda, Willem Claesz: one of the principal Dutch Baroque still life painters.
Hedayat, Sadeq: Iranian author who introduced modernist techniques into Persian fiction. He is considered one of the greatest Iranian writers of the 20th century.
Hedberg, Olle: Swedish novelist whose stylistic precision and elegant craftsmanship served to satirize the conventional world of the middle classes. Beginning with Rymmare och fasttagare (1930; Prisoner's Base), Hedberg produced a full-length ...
heddle loom: device used in weaving that is characterized by heddles-short lengths of wire or flat steel strips-used to deflect the warp to either side of the main sheet of fabric. The ...
Hedeby: in medieval Danish history, trade centre at the southeastern base of the Jutland Peninsula on the Schlei estuary. It served as an early focus of national unification and as a ...
hedenbergite: silicate mineral, calcium iron silicate, closely analogous to diopside (q.v.).
hedgehog: any of 15 Old World species of insectivores possessing several thousand short, smooth spines. Most species weigh under 700 grams (1.5 pounds), but the common western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) ...
hedgehog cactus: any of about 45 species of the family Cactaceae, native from central Mexico to the western United States. The common name hedgehog refers to the spiny fruit. Hedgehog cacti are ...
hedging: method of reducing the risk of loss caused by price fluctuation. It consists of the purchase or sale of equal quantities of the same or very similar commodities, approximately simultaneously, ...
Hedin, Sven Anders: Swedish explorer, who led through Central Asia a series of expeditions that resulted in important archaeological and geographical findings.
Hedley, William: English coal-mine official and inventor who built probably the first commercially useful steam locomotive of the adhesion type (i.e., dependent on friction between wheels and rails, as are almost all ...
Hedmark: fylke (county), southeastern Norway. It borders Sweden to the east for about 235 miles (378 km) and is one of Norway's larger counties; the county seat is ...
Hedtoft, Hans: Danish politician and statesman who initiated a change in Danish policy from neutrality to active membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Hedwig glass: Egyptian-made glass of the 11th or 12th century, of which only 12 known examples exist; they are among the last cut glass produced in the East. Their designs of stylized ...
Hedwig, Johann: botanist who did more than any other scientist to advance the knowledge of mosses.
Heeger, Alan J.: American chemist who, with Alan G. MacDiarmid and Shirakawa Hideki, won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2000 for their discovery that certain plastics can be chemically modified to conduct ...
heel: in anatomy, back part of the human foot, below the ankle and behind the arch, and the corresponding part of the foot in other mammals that walk with their heels ...
Heem, Jan Davidsz de: one of the greatest Baroque painters of still life in Holland. His most numerous and characteristic works are arrangements of fruits, metal dishes, and wine glasses; compositions of books and ...
Heemskerck, Jacob van: explorer and admiral remembered for his voyage (1596-97) in the Barents Sea region in search of an Arctic passage to India and for his victory over the Spanish fleet off ...
Heemskerck, Maerten van: one of the leading Mannerist painters in 16th-century Holland working in the Italianate manner.
Heemstede: gemeente (commune), Noord-Holland provincie, western Netherlands. It lies along the Ring Canal, which borders the reclaimed Haarlem Lake polder, drained between 1840 and 1852. Heemstede is chiefly a residential suburb ...
Heenan, John C.: American heavyweight champion (i.e., of the United States and Canada) under the London Prize Ring, or bare-knuckle, rules. He fought Tom Sayers for the world championship in a famous bout.
Heerenveen: gemeente (commune), Friesland provincie, northern Netherlands. Founded in 1551, Heerenveen ("Lords' Peat Bog") was at first a peat-cutting town. Now industrialized, it manufactures machinery, buses, plastics, and bicycles. It has ...
Heerlen: gemeente (commune), Limburg provincie, southeastern Netherlands. It lies just northeast of Maastricht. Situated on the site of the Roman settlement Coriovallum (with remains of a Roman bath), it is essentially ...
Heffelfinger, Pudge: collegiate gridiron football player and coach who exemplified the spirit of the early years of American football. Standing well over 6 feet (1.8 metres) tall and weighing just over 200 ...
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: German philosopher who developed a dialectical scheme that emphasized the progress of history and of ideas from thesis to antithesis and thence to a synthesis.
Hegelianism: the collection of philosophical movements that developed out of the thought of the 19th-century German philosopher G.W.F. Hegel. The term is here so construed as to exclude Hegel himself and ...
Hegesippus, Saint: Greek Christian historian and champion of orthodoxy who opposed the heresy of Gnosticism (q.v.). His single known work, five books of memoirs, constitutes a prime source on the organizational structure ...
Hegius, Alexander: German schoolmaster who is remembered both for his effective promotion of the new humanism and for the subsequent fame of his pupils.
Hehe: Bantu-speaking agricultural people occupying the Iringa region of southern Tanzania. Numbering about 192,000 in the late 20th century, the Hehe are a cluster of peoples with similar language and culture. ...
Hei River: river rising in central Kansu province, China, and flowing into the western Ala Shan Desert in western Inner Mongolia autonomous region. The river is formed by a series of small ...
hei tiki: small neck pendant in the form of a human fetus, used by the Maori of New Zealand as a fertility symbol. Usually carved of green nephrite or a jadelike stone ...
Heian period: in Japanese history, the period between 794 and 1185, named for the location of the Imperial capital, which was moved from Nara to Heian-kyo (Kyoto) in 794. The Chinese pattern ...
Heiberg, Gunnar: dramatist, exponent of Expressionism, considered the most noteworthy Norwegian playwright after Ibsen.
Heiberg, Johan Ludvig: playwright, poet, literary historian, and critic whose romantic idealism in a sense epitomized the Danish Romantic school, which he helped bring to an end when he established a new era ...
Heiberg, Johanne Luise: nee Patges Danish actress and manager, lionized by the intelligentsia of her day.
Heiberg, Peter Andreas: Danish poet, playwright, and militant spokesman for the radical political ideas generated by the French Revolution.
Heidegger, Martin: German philosopher, counted among the main exponents of existentialism. His groundbreaking work in ontology and metaphysics determined the course of 20th-century philosophy on the European continent and exerted an enormous ...
Heidelberg: city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. The city lies on the canalized Neckar River where it emerges from the forested hills of Odenwald into the Rhine plain. ...
Heidelberg Catechism: Reformed confession of faith that is used by many of the Reformed churches. It was written in 1562 primarily by Caspar Olevianus, the superintendent of the Palatinate church, and Zacharias ...
Heidelberg jaw: enigmatic human mandible, thought to be about 500,000 years old, found in 1907 in the great sandpit at Mauer, southeast of Heidelberg, Germany. Elephant and rhinoceros remains found in association ...
Heidelberg Romantics: poets of the second phase of Romanticism in Germany, who were centred in Heidelberg about 1806. Their leaders were Clemens Brentano, Achim von Arnim, and Joseph von Gorres; their brief-lived ...
Heidelberg, University of: state-supported institution of higher learning at Heidelberg, Ger. Modelled on the University of Paris, it was founded in 1386 by the elector Rupert I and, like other German universities, was ...
Heiden, Eric: American athlete who at the 1980 Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid, New York, U.S., became the first skater to win gold medals in all speed-skating events (500, 1,000, 1,500, ...
Heidenheim: city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany, on the Brenz River in the eastern Swabian Alps. The site of a Roman settlement, it was chartered in 1356. It is overlooked by ...
Heidenstam, Verner von: poet and prose writer who led the literary reaction to the Naturalist movement in Sweden, calling for a renaissance of the literature of fantasy, beauty, and national themes. He won ...
Heifetz, Jascha: Russian-born American violinist noted for his conscientious musical interpretation, his smooth tone, and his technical proficiency. His name became associated with musical perfection.
Height, Dorothy: American civil and women's rights activist, a widely respected and influential leader of organizations focused primarily on improving the circumstances of and opportunities for African-American women.
Heijermans, Herman: Dutch author and playwright, both naturalistic and didactic, who in his work attacked all aspects of bourgeois hypocrisy.
Heikal, Muhammad Hassanein: leading Egyptian journalist who gained fame as the editor in chief of Al-Ahram, the semiofficial Egyptian newspaper. During his tenure (1957-74) Al-Ahram was called the New York Times of the ...
Heike monogatari: medieval Japanese heroic epic, which is to Japanese literature what the Iliad is to Western literature, a prolific source of later dramas, ballads, and tales. It stems from unwritten traditional ...
Heilbronn: city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies along the Neckar River and is surrounded by vineyards and the Swabian Forest. Built on the site of an ...
Heilbrun, Carolyn: American scholar and feminist literary critic who became known for the mystery stories she published under a pseudonym.
Heilungkiang: the northernmost sheng (province) of China's Northeast region. It is bounded on the north and east by Russia along the Amur River (Hei-lung Chiang) and the Ussuri (Wu-su-li) River, on ...
Heim, Albert: Swiss geologist whose studies of the Swiss Alps greatly advanced knowledge of the dynamics of mountain building and of glacial effects on topography and geology.
Heimdall: in Norse mythology, the watchman of the gods. Called the shining god and whitest skinned of the gods, Heimdall dwelt at the entry to Asgard, where he guarded Bifrost, the ...
Heimlich maneuver: emergency procedure that is used to dislodge foreign bodies from the throats of choking victims. In the early 1970s, the American surgeon Henry J. Heimlich observed that food and other ...
Heimskringla: (c. 1220; "Orb of the World"), collection of sagas of the early Norwegian kings, written by the Icelandic poet-chieftain Snorri Sturluson. It is distinguished by Snorri's classical objectivity, realistic psychology, ...
Heimwehr: (German: Home Defense Force), any of the local organizations formed in various parts of Austria to expel invading Yugoslavs or preserve order immediately after World War I. Composed of conservative-minded ...