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Hastings ... hausmannite

Hastings: city ("district"), Hawke's Bay local government region, eastern North Island, New Zealand. It lies on the Heretaunga Plains, near Hawke Bay. The area's first European settlers arrived in 1864 to ...
Hastings: city, seat (1857) of Dakota county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Mississippi River where it is joined by the St. Croix River, about 20 miles (30 km) southeast ...
Hastings, Battle of: (Oct. 14, 1066), battle that ended in the defeat of Harold II of England by William, duke of Normandy, and established the Normans as the rulers of England.
Hastings, Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st marquess of, 2nd earl of Moira: British soldier and colonial administrator; as governor-general of Bengal he conquered the Maratha states and greatly strengthened British rule in India.
Hastings, Frank Abney: British naval officer who fought in the War of Greek Independence and was the first commander to use a ship with auxiliary steam power in naval action.
Hastings, Warren: the first and most famous of the British governors-general of India, who dominated Indian affairs from 1772 to 1785 and was impeached (though acquitted) on his return to England.
Hastings, William Hastings, Baron: English soldier and diplomat, a supporter of King Edward IV and the Yorkists against the Lancastrians in the Wars of the Roses.
hat: any of various styles of head covering. Men wore hats in the form of caps or hoods in ancient times, but women favoured veils and wimples until the late Middle ...
Hat Act: (1732), in U.S. colonial history, British law restricting colonial manufacture and export of hats in direct competition with English hatmakers. Part of the mercantile system that subordinated the colonies economically, ...
hat cheo: Vietnamese peasant theatre. It is generally (though not always) played out-of-doors in the forecourt of a village communal house. It is basically satirical in intent. Performances are given by amateur ...
Hat Yai: city on the Malay Peninsula, extreme southern Thailand. It has become a modern, rapidly growing commercial city by virtue of its position on the major road south to Malaysia and ...
Hata Tsutomu: politician who was briefly prime minister of Japan in 1994.
Hatano Seiichi: Japanese scholar and author of pioneering works on Christianity and Western philosophy that were widely studied in Japanese universities.
Hatch Act: (Aug. 2, 1939; amended July 1940), measure enacted by the U.S. Congress, aimed at eliminating corrupt practices in national elections. It was sponsored by Senator Carl Hatch of New Mexico ...
hatchetfish: any member of two unrelated groups of hatchet-shaped fishes-deep-sea forms of the family Sternoptychidae or freshwater fishes of the family Gasteropelecidae.
Hatchett, Charles: English manufacturer, chemist, and discoverer in 1801 of niobium, which he called columbium.
hatching: technique used by draftsmen, engravers, and other artists who use mediums that do not allow blending (e.g., pen and ink) to indicate shading, modeling, and light and shade. It consists ...
hatchment: heraldic memorial to a deceased person. The word is a corruption of achievement, the correct term for the full armorial display of shield, helmet, crest, mantling, wreath, and such additaments ...
hate crime: harassment, intimidation, or physical violence that is motivated by a bias against characteristics of the victim considered integral to his social identity, such as his race, ethnicity, or religion. Some ...
Hatfield: town, Welwyn Hatfield district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England, located on the old Great North Road north of London. Hatfield House, the home of the Cecil family, stands ...
Hatfield and McCoy Families: two American Appalachian mountaineer families who, with their kinfolk and neighbours, engaged in a legendary feud that attracted nationwide attention in the 1880s and '90s and prompted judicial and police ...
Hatha Yoga: (Sanskrit: "Union of Force"), a school of Indian philosophy that stresses mastery of the body as a way of attaining spiritual perfection. It is an outgrowth of the Yoga school ...
Hathaway, Anne: wife of William Shakespeare.
Hathor: in ancient Egyptian religion, goddess of the sky, of women, and of fertility and love. Hathor's worship originated in predynastic times (4th millennium BC). The name Hathor means "estate of ...
Hathras: city, west-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies south of Aligarh city, with which it is connected by road and rail. It is a trade centre for agricultural products, ...
Hatia Island: island situated in the Meghna estuary of the Gangetic delta, southeastern Bangladesh. A low-lying land mass 23 miles (37 km) long and 4-8 miles (6.5-13 km) wide, it is partially ...
hatif: in Arab folklore, a mysterious nocturnal voice that is sometimes prophetic. A hatif is mentioned in the Bible (Ezekiel 21:2 and 7; Amos 7:16) as a prophet's voice, and it ...
Hatoyama Ichiro: one of Japan's most important post-World War II prime ministers.
hatpin: long, ornamental pin used for decoration and for fastening a woman's hat securely to her hair. In the late Victorian era and the beginning of the 20th century, the hatpin ...
Hatra: ruined city located in the Al-Jazirah region of present-day northern Iraq, 180 miles (290 km) northwest of Baghdad and 68 miles (110 km) southwest of Mosul. A religious and trading ...
Hatshepsut: queen of Egypt (reigned in her own right c. 1472-58 BC) who attained unprecedented power for a queen, adopting the full titles and regalia of a pharaoh.
Hatta, Mohammad: a leader of the Indonesian independence movement who was prime minister (1948-50) and vice president (1950-56) of Indonesia.
Hatteras Abyssal Plain: submarine plain forming the floor of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. It lies east of the North American continental shelf between the southern United States and Bermuda, extending about 900 mi ...
Hatteras, Cape: long, narrow, curved sandbar forming a promontory on Hatteras Island, the southeasternmost point of the Outer Banks, North Carolina, U.S. Treacherous shallows to the southeast in the Atlantic Ocean long ...
Hattic language: non-Indo-European language of Anatolia that was spoken before the period of the Hittite New Empire (c. 1400-1190 BC). Passages in the language occur in the Hittite cuneiform texts discovered in ...
Hattiesburg: city, seat (1908) of Forrest county, southeastern Mississippi, U.S., on the Leaf and Bouie rivers, 70 miles (113 km) north of Gulfport. The city, in a longleaf-pine forest area, was ...
Hattin, Battle of: (July 4, 1187), battle in northern Palestine that marked the defeat and annihilation of the Christian Crusader armies of Guy de Lusignan, king of Jerusalem (reigned 1186-92), by the Muslim ...
Hattingen: city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany, on the Ruhr River, immediately south of Bochum. Chartered in 1396 and a member of the Hanseatic League, it declined during the Thirty ...
Hatto I: archbishop of Mainz and counsellor to the German king Arnulf of Bavaria, the last East Frankish Carolingian emperor; as regent for Arnulf's son Louis the Child (900-911), he governed the ...
Hatton, Sir Christopher: favourite of Queen Elizabeth I and lord chancellor of England from 1587 to 1591.
Hattusa: ancient Hittite city on the site of modern Bogazkoy (q.v.).
Hattusilis I: (reigned c. 1650-c. 1620 BC), early king of the Hittite Old Kingdom in Anatolia.
Hattusilis III: Hittite king during the New Kingdom (reigned c. 1286-c. 1265 BC); he came to power by overthrowing his nephew Urhi-Teshub (Mursilis III).
Hatzfeldt, Melchior, Graf von Gleichen und: (count of Gleichen and) a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War (1618-48). Though active in every theatre of war, he proved no match for ...
Hatzidakis, Georgios N.: the first and most important linguist of modern Greece, noted for his studies of ancient, medieval, and modern Greek and for his initiation of the Historical Lexicon of the Greek ...
Hauch, Johannes Carsten: Danish poet, dramatist, and novelist whose works expressed his high moral seriousness and tragic outlook.
Haufebecher: (German: "stacking cup"), beaker, usually of silver, that is part of a set that can be stacked or piled up. Pieces are made so that the base of one fits ...
Hauff, Wilhelm: German poet and novelist best known for his fairy tales.
Haug, Emile: French geologist and paleontologist known for his contributions to the theory of geosynclines (trenches that accumulate thousands of metres of sediment and later become crumpled and uplifted into mountain chains).
Haug, Thorleif: Norwegian Nordic skier who won three gold medals and a bronze at the inaugural Winter Olympics at Chamonix, France, in 1924. His bronze medal was revoked 50 years later.
Hauge, Alfred: Norwegian novelist and poet, best known for his trilogy describing the life of a Norwegian immigrant to the United States in the 1820s: Hundevakt (1961; "Midwatch"), Landkjenning (1964; "Land Sighting"), ...
Haugesund: town, Rogaland fylke (county), southwestern Norway. A North Sea port, Haugesund is a shipbuilding and repair centre and has a 928-foot (283-metre) drydock that was the largest in Scandinavia at ...
Haughey, Charles: prime minister of Ireland from 1979 to 1981, from March to December 1982, and from 1987 to 1992.
Haughton, Billy: American harness-racing driver and trainer. He was the foremost driver in annual winnings in 1952-59, 1963, 1965, and 1967-68.
Haugwitz, Christian, Count von: in full Christian August Heinrich Kurt, Graf Von Haugwitz Prussian minister and diplomat, the principal author of Prussian foreign policy from 1792 to 1806, who was held largely responsible for ...
Hauhau: any of the radical members of the Maori Pai Marire (Maori: "Good and Peaceful") religion, founded in 1862 in Taranaki on North Island, New Zealand. The movement was founded by ...
Hauksbee, Francis, The Elder: self-educated English scientist and eclectic experimentalist whose discoveries came too early for contemporary appreciation of their significance.
Hauksbee, Francis, The Younger: English instrument maker, scientist, and lecturer. He may have been a son of Francis Hauksbee the Elder.
Haupt, Herman: American civil engineer and inventor, known especially for his work on the Hoosac Tunnel in Massachusetts.
Hauptman, Herbert A.: American mathematician and crystallographer who, along with Jerome Karle, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985. They developed mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from ...
Hauptmann, Bruno: German-born American carpenter and burglar who in 1935 was convicted of kidnapping and murdering the 21-month-old son of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh.
Hauptmann, Gerhart: German playwright, poet, and novelist who was a recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1912.
Hauptmann, Moritz: German violinist, composer, teacher, and writer on musical theory.
Hauptschule: (German: "head school"), in Germany, five-year upper elementary school preparing students for vocational school, apprenticeship in trade, or the lower levels of public service. First introduced in West Germany in ...
Hauraki Gulf: large gulf of the South Pacific Ocean indenting eastern North Island, New Zealand. It is entered from the north by the Jellicoe and Cradock channels (west and east of Little ...
Hauriou, Maurice-Jean-Claude-Eugene: French political scientist and educator whose theoretical work on public law contributed to the development of French administrative law.
Haury, Emil W.: American anthropologist and archaeologist who investigated the ancient Indian civilizations of the southwestern United States and South America. His main concerns were the preceramic and ceramic archaeology of the southwestern ...
Hausa: people found chiefly in northwestern Nigeria and adjacent southern Niger. They constitute the largest ethnic group in the area, which also contains another large group, the Fulani, perhaps one-half of ...
Hausa language: Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) language of the Chadic group. It is the official language of northern Nigeria and is used throughout much of western Africa as a second language. The two ...
Hausa states: group of neighbouring African states, occasionally interconnected from the mid-14th century by loose alliances. Their territory lay above the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers (in present-day northern Nigeria), ...
Hausdorff space: in mathematics, type of topological space named for the German mathematician Felix Hausdorff. A topological space is a generalization of the notion of an object in three-dimensional space. It consists ...
hausen: large species of sturgeon (q.v.).
Hauser, Kaspar: German youth around whom gathered one of the 19th century's most celebrated mysteries.
Haushofer, Karl: German army officer, political geographer, and leading proponent of geopolitics, an academic discipline prominent in the period between the two World Wars but later in disrepute because of its identification ...
Hausmalerei: (German: "home painting"), white pottery wares obtained from a factory and painted at home by a Hausmaler (free-lance home painter or decorator), most of whom were German or Bohemian. The ...
hausmannite: a manganese oxide mineral (Mn₂O₄) that occurs as brownish black crystals or granular masses in high-temperature hydrothermal veins and in contact metamorphic zones. It is found associated with other oxide ...