| | - Hanafiyah
- in Islam, one of the four Sunni schools of religious law, incorporating the legal opinions of the ancient Iraqi schools of al-Kufah and Basra. Hanafi legal thought (madhhab) developed from ... [5 Related Articles]
- hanafuda
- (Japanese: "flower cards"), deck of 48 cards divided into 12 suits of four cards. Each suit is named for a month of the year and pictures a flower identified with ...
- Hanai, Masaya
- Japanese businessman who as director (1959-78) and chairman (1978-82) of Toyota Motor Corp. turned the firm into one of the world's most competitive car producers (b. Aug. 1, 1912--d. June ...
- Hanaki
- (from the article "Hana Valley") ...Valova, and Hana rivers and the Morava, its very fertile soils support wheat, barley, corn (maize), and sugar beet cultivation and poultry and pig rearing. The people, called Hanaki, speak ...
- Hanalei
- village, Kauai county, on the north-central coast of Kauai island, Hawaii, U.S. Near the head of Hanalei ("Crescent") Bay, the village is in the scenic and fertile Hanalei Valley, which ...
- hanamichi
- (Japanese: "flower passage"), in Kabuki theatre, runway that passes from the rear of the theatre to stage right at the level of the spectators' heads. Some plays also make use ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hanare Kirishitan
- (from the article "Kirishitan") ...would not abandon various Buddhist and other non-Christian elements that had crept into Kakure Kirishitan tradition during two centuries of isolation. These, hidden no longer, came to be known as ...
- Hanau
- city, Hessen Land (state), central Germany. It is a port on the right bank of the canalized Main River at the mouth of the Kinzig, east of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hanauer, Chip
- As a boat racer, Chip Hanauer left all the other drivers in his wake. He won his seventh national championship for Unlimited hydroplanes in 1993, which tied Bill Muncey's record. ...
- Hanauma Bay
- (from the article "Koko Head") Attractions on the coast include Hanauma Bay, an eroded crater that is now a popular site for snorkeling, and the Halona Blowhole, a natural saltwater geyser north of the bay ...
- Hancock
- county, southeastern Maine, U.S. It is located in a mountain-and-valley region bounded to the west by the Penobscot River and to the south by several bays of the Atlantic Ocean ...
- Hancock
- city, Houghton county, northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S. It is located about halfway up the Keweenaw Peninsula, across Portage Lake from Houghton. Laid out in 1859, it was named ...
- Hancock, Herbie
- American keyboard player, songwriter, and bandleader, a prolific recording artist who achieved success as an incisive, harmonically provocative jazz pianist and then went on to gain wide popularity as a ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hancock, Hunter
- (from the article "Hunter Hancock") Hunter Hancock is remembered as the first white disc jockey to play rhythm-and-blues records in southern California, where he went on the air on KFVD in 1943 playing his first ...
- Hancock, John
- American Revolutionary leader and first signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. [1 Related Articles]
- Hancock, Joseph
- (from the article "Sheffield plate") ...cooled, and rolled. The edges of pieces made were rolled over to hide the copper that was visible when the sheet was cut. At first Boulsover produced only buttons, but ...
- Hancock, Joy Bright
- U.S. military officer, one of the first women to hold a regular commission in the U.S. Navy.
- Hancock, Keith
- (from the article "Australian literature") ...and resourcefulness of the Australian soldier, the digger, was in fact derived from the bushman-that these were but two manifestations of the national type. The same perception is present in ...
- Hancock, Langley George
- Australian mining industrialist who unearthed some of the largest iron-ore reserves in the world, making him one of the nation's richest citizens and financing his campaign to form a right-wing ...
- Hancock, Sheila
- (from the article "Literature") Banville's themes of loss, identity, and remembrance recurred in Sheila Hancock's memoir, The Two of Us: My Life with John Thaw (2004), chronicling her turbulent 28-year marriage to the British ...
- Hancock, Thomas
- English inventor and manufacturer who founded the British rubber industry. His chief invention, the "masticator," worked rubber scraps into a shredded mass of rubber that could be formed into blocks ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hancock, Winfield Scott
- Union general during the American Civil War (1861-65), whose policies during Reconstruction military service in Louisiana and Texas so endeared him to the Democratic Party that he became the party's ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hancza, Lake
- (from the article "Podlaskie") ...Lowland occupies the south-central part of the province. To the north is a portion of the Masurian Lakeland. The largest lake in the province is Lake Wigry (8.5 square miles ...
- hand
- grasping organ at the end of the forelimb of certain vertebrates that exhibits great mobility and flexibility in the digits and in the whole organ. It is made up of ... [8 Related Articles]
- hand
- ancient unit of length, now standardized at 4 inches (10.16 cm) and used today primarily for measuring the height of horses from the ground to the withers (top of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- hand ax
- (from the article "Acheulean industry") The most characteristic Acheulean tools are termed hand axes and cleavers. Considerable improvement in the technique of producing hand axes occurred over the long period; anthropologists sometimes distinguish each major ...
- hand drill
- (from the article "hand tool") Both the bow and pump drills remained the metal-worker's prime tool for drilling small holes until the first geared hand drill was invented in 1805. Like every other tool, it ...
- Hand G
- (from the article "Eyck, Jan van") ...Eyck paid an illuminator for preparing a book for the duke; but central to the discussion of his ties to manuscript illustration has been the attribution to Jan of several ...
- hand lay-up
- (from the article "plastic") Hand lay-up is a versatile method employed in the construction of large structures such as tanks, pools, and boat hulls. In hand lay-up mats of glass fibres are arranged over ...
- Hand of Fatima
- (from the article "Algeria, flag of") ...Liberation Front and the National Liberation Army gave support to that flag, finally raised over an independent Algeria on July 3, 1962. Another symbol long popular on Algerian flags, the ...
- hand puppet
- (from the article "puppetry") These have a hollow cloth body that fits over the manipulator's hand; his fingers fit into the head and the arms and give them motion. The figure is seen from ...
- hand replenished loom
- (from the article "textile") Hand-replenished, or nonautomatic, looms are used only where particular circumstances-of yarns, fabrics, or use-make automatically replenished looms either technically unsuitable or uneconomic. Basically they differ little from the power looms ...
- hand tool
- any of the implements used by craftsmen in manual operations, such as chopping, chiseling, sawing, filing, or forging. Complementary tools, often needed as auxiliaries to shaping tools, include such implements ... [2 Related Articles]
- hand truck
- (from the article "industrial truck") ...trucks permit mechanized pickup and deposit of the loads, eliminating manual work in lifting as well as transporting. Depending on their means of locomotion, industrial trucks may be classified as ...
- Hand, Edward
- American army officer during the American Revolution.
- Hand, Learned
- American jurist whose tough and sometimes profound mind, philosophical skepticism, and faith in the United States were employed throughout a record tenure as a federal judge (52 years, from April ...
- hand-mined tunneling
- (from the article "tunnels and underground excavations") The ancient practice of hand mining is still economical for some conditions (shorter and smaller tunnels) and may illustrate particular techniques better than its mechanized counterpart. Examples are forepoling and ...
- hand-to-hand combat
- (from the article "tactics") Apart from ambush and raid, which depend on making the best possible use of terrain, many primitive tribes also engage in formal, one-to-one frontal encounters that are part battle, part ...
- Handa
- city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. Handa lies on the Chita Peninsula, facing Chita Bay of the Pacific Ocean. It served as an important commercial port during the Tokugawa period ...
- Handa Nkhumbi
- (from the article "African music") Where, in addition to the second, third, and fourth partials, the fifth partials of each fundamental are also used, hexatonic tone systems arise. The tonal-harmonic system of the Handa-Nkhumbi group ...
- Handal, Schafik
- (from the article "El Salvador") The death of Schafik Handal on Jan. 24, 2006, was a blow to El Salvador's leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN). Handal had been a guerrilla leader in the ...
- Handan
- city, southern Hebei sheng (province), China. Handan is situated on the higher ground on the western side of the North China Plain, on the great north-south route ...
- handball
- any of a family of games played in walled courts or against a single wall, with a small rubber ball that is struck with hand or fist against the wall. ... [1 Related Articles]
- handbell
- small bell-usually of brass or bronze but sometimes of copper, clay, porcelain, glass, wood, or other hard material-with an attached stem, loop, or leather strap for a handle; most have ... [1 Related Articles]
- handbook
- (from the article "encyclopaedia") It was not until the 1860s that three of the most useful handbooks that were in daily use late into the 20th century began to appear. The Statesman's Year-Book, important ...
- handcuffs
- device for shackling the hands, used by police on prisoners under arrest. Until modern times, handcuffs were of two kinds: (1) the figure 8, which confined the hands close together ...
- handedness
- (from the article "handedness") a tendency to use one hand rather than the other to perform most activities; it is the usual practice to classify persons as right-handed, left-handed, or ambidextrous. See laterality.major reference
- Handel, George Frideric
- German-born English composer of the late Baroque era, noted particularly for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. He wrote the most famous of all oratorios, Messiah (1741), ... [22 Related Articles]
- handgun
- any firearm small enough to be held in one hand when fired. It usually fires a single projectile or bullet, and additional ammunition may be available in a revolving mechanism ... [2 Related Articles]
- handicap
- in sports and games, method of offsetting the varying abilities or characteristics of competitors in order to equalize their chances of winning. Handicapping takes many, often complicated, forms. In horse ... [4 Related Articles]
- handicraft
- (from the article "Asia") Traditional cottage industries and handicrafts continue to play an important role in the economies of all Asian countries. They not only constitute major manufacturing activities in themselves but are also ...
- Handie-Talkie
- (from the article "Motorola, Inc.") ...a pair of two-way radio communications products for the police and military. The first was an AM-band police-radio system adopted later that year in Bowling Green, Kentucky; the second was ...
- Handke, Peter
- avant-garde Austrian playwright, novelist, poet, and essayist, one of the most original German-language writers in the second half of the 20th century. [2 Related Articles]
- Handl, Jacob
- German-Austrian composer known for his sacred music. [1 Related Articles]
- Handler, Daniel
- Capitalizing on the unsentimental tastes of legions of 10-13-year-old readers, American storyteller Daniel Handler (a.k.a. Lemony Snicket) captured the imagination of his youthful audiences with A Series of Unfortunate Events. ...
- Handler, Milton
- American lawyer and teacher who helped draft a number of well-known laws, among them the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, the National Labor Relations Act, and the ...
- Handler, Ruth Mosko
- American entrepreneur and businesswoman (b. Nov. 4, 1916, Denver, Colo.-d. April 27, 2002, Los Angeles, Calif.), was a cofounder of Mattel and created the Barbie doll, which in 1959 became ... [1 Related Articles]
- Handley Page 0/400
- (from the article "Page, Sir Frederick Handley") British aircraft designer who built the Handley Page 0/400, one of the largest heavy bomber planes used in World War I.
- Handley Page H.P.42
- (from the article "flight, history of") ...drove cars and trucks to create a visible track for pilots to follow; in some areas, they plowed furrows in the ground. Into the late 1930s, standard equipment on these ...
- Handley Page Transport, Ltd.
- (from the article "Halifax") British heavy bomber used during World War II. The Halifax was designed by Handley Page, Ltd., in response to a 1936 Royal Air Force (RAF) requirement for a bomber powered ...
- Handley, Vernon George
- British conductor championed British composers, both in concert and in the studio; he made more than 150 recordings (nearly 90 of which included British music that had not previously been ...
- Handlin, Oscar
- American historian and educator noted for his examinations of immigration and other social topics in American history.
- handling
- (from the article "painting, Western") ...The starting point of Cezanne was, by contrast, vigorous to the point of violence. In 1866 he evolved a style in which paint was applied in thick dabs with a ...
- handoff
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...the course of a call, a central controller automatically reroutes the call from the old cell to the new cell without a noticeable interruption in the signal reception. This process ...
- Hands of the Cause of God
- (from the article "Baha'i faith") There also exist in the Baha'i faith appointive institutions, such as the Hands of the Cause of God and the continental counselors. The members of the Hands of the Cause ...
- hands, imposition of
- ritual act in which a priest or other religious functionary places one or both hands palms down on the top of another person's head, usually while saying a prayer or ... [4 Related Articles]
- handsaw
- (from the article "hand tool") The familiar modern handsaw, with its thin but wide steel blade, cuts on the push stroke; this permits downhand sawing on wood laid across the knee or on a stool, ...
- handsome fungus beetle
- (from the article "coleopteran") ...beetles) are short, flattened, and have slightly shortened elytra. Coccinellidae (ladybugs, ladybird beetles) are rounded, with a smooth, raised upper surface and a flat underside. The Endomychidae (handsome fungus beetles) ...
- Handsome Lake cult
- longest-established prophet movement in North America. Its founder was Ganioda'yo (q.v.), a Seneca chief whose name meant "Handsome Lake"; his heavenly revelations received in trance in 1799 rapidly transformed both ... [1 Related Articles]
- handwriting
- (from the article "calligraphy") During the 2nd millennium BCE, various Semitic peoples at the eastern end of the Mediterranean were experimenting with alphabetic writing. Between 1500 and 1000 BCE, alphabetic signs found in scattered ...
- Handy, W.C.
- black American composer who changed the course of popular music by integrating the blues idiom into the then-fashionable ragtime. Among his best-known works is the classic "St. Louis Blues." [3 Related Articles]
- Haneef, Mohamed
- (from the article "Australia") ...in Glasgow, Scot., and London thrust Australia into what Howard described as the borderless world of Islamist terror. Six foreign-trained doctors were questioned in the U.K., and an Indian doctor, ...
- Hanert Electrical Orchestra
- (from the article "electronic instrument") ...developed during the 1940s and '50s. Unlike commercial keyboard-controlled organs and related instruments, the score-reading instruments were large, experimentally oriented devices. One example, the Hanert Electrical Orchestra, built in 1944-45 ...
- Hanert, John
- (from the article "electronic instrument") ...keyboard-controlled organs and related instruments, the score-reading instruments were large, experimentally oriented devices. One example, the Hanert Electrical Orchestra, built in 1944-45 by John Hanert at the Hammond Instrument Co. ...
- Hanes, Oivind
- (from the article "Literature") Oivind Hanes was also nominated for the Nordic Council Literature Prize for his melancholic novel Pirolene i Benidorm. Anne B. Ragde's best seller Eremittkrepsene, about three grown village brothers, was ...
- Hanf, William
- (from the article "metalogic") ...logics may include functions or relations with infinitely many arguments, infinitely long conjunctions and disjunctions, or infinite strings of quantifiers. From studies on infinitary logics, William Hanf, an American logician, ...
- Hanford Engineer Works
- (from the article "Notable early nuclear reactors") ...a medium-size reactor at Oak Ridge. The large-scale production reactors were built on an isolated 1,000-square-mile (2,600-square-km) tract on the Columbia River north of Pasco, Washington-the Hanford Engineer Works.
- hang glider
- (from the article "airplane") Unpowered manned heavier-than-air vehicles must be launched to obtain lift. These include hang gliders, gliders, and sailplanes.
hang glidinghang glidingsport of ...
- hang gliding
- sport of flying in lightweight unpowered aircraft which can be carried by the pilot. Takeoff is usually achieved by launching into the air from a cliff or hill. Hang gliders ...
- Hang-chou Bay
- (from the article "Chekiang") ...is renowned for its scenic beauty. The name of the province derives from its principal river, the Che ("Crooked") River, formally known as the Ch'ien-t'ang River at the estuary of ...
- Hanga Roa
- (from the article "Easter Island") ...the Dutch, named it Paaseiland ("Easter Island") in memory of their own day of arrival. Its mixed population is predominantly of Polynesian descent; almost all live in the village of ...
- Hanga, Abdulla Kassim, Sheikh
- (from the article "Tanzania") ...massacred in riots, and thousands more fled the island. Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume, leader of the Afro-Shirazi Party, was installed as president of the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. ...
- hangar
- (from the article "building construction") ...hinged at each end) and three-hinge (made of two members hinged at each end and at the meeting point at the crown) trussed arches were widely used, the largest examples ...
- Hangayn Mountains
- range in central Mongolia. It extends northwest-southeast for about 500 miles (805 km), parallels the Mongolian Altai Mountains (south), and rises to a height of 12,812 feet (3,905 m) in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hangenberg Event
- (from the article "Devonian Period") ...and manticoceratid goniatite groups, many conodont species, most colonial corals, several groups of trilobites, and the atrypid and pentamerid brachiopods at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary; and the Hangenberg Event saw the ...
- hangi
- (from the article "New Zealand") ...imaginative and cosmopolitan fare, and the number of restaurants, bistros, and cafes in the major cities has skyrocketed in recent years. A traditional Maori meal is hangi, ...
- hanging
- execution by strangling or breaking the neck by a suspended noose. The traditional method, still in use on the continent of Europe, involves suspending the victim from a gallows or ... [1 Related Articles]
- hanging buttress
- (from the article "buttress") Other types of buttresses include pier or tower buttresses, simple masonry piles attached to a wall at regular intervals; hanging buttresses, freestanding piers connected to a wall by corbels; and ...
- Hanging Gardens of Babylon
- gardens considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World and thought to be located near the royal palace in Babylon. By the beginning of the 21st century, the site ... [5 Related Articles]
- hanging moss
- (from the article "beard lichen") ...cough, catarrh, epilepsy, and dropsy. It has been used also as an astringent, a tonic, and a diuretic. Old-man's-beard (U. barbata) was first described in 300 BC as a hair-growth ...
- hanging valley
- (from the article "glacial valley") ...ice is the dominant factor in the deepening process, smaller tributary glaciers erode their troughs less rapidly than the main glacier does. When the glaciers melt, the tributary troughs are ...
- hanging wall
- (from the article "glacial landform") ...glacial valleys are occupied by one or several cirques (or corries). A cirque is an amphitheatre-shaped hollow with the open end facing down-valley. The back is formed by an arcuate ...
- hangover
- (from the article "alcoholism") ...conditions associated with alcoholism are those that occur in the postintoxication state-the alcohol-withdrawal syndromes. The most common and least debilitating of these syndromes is the hangover-a general malaise typically accompanied ...
- Hanguana
- (from the article "Commelinales") Until recently, the closest relatives of the tropical Asian Hanguana, the only genus in Hanguanaceae, were unclear. Molecular evidence suggests that this family is closest to Commelinaceae, although some contradictory ...
- Hanguanaceae
- (from the article "Commelinales") Until recently, the closest relatives of the tropical Asian Hanguana, the only genus in Hanguanaceae, were unclear. Molecular evidence suggests that this family is closest to Commelinaceae, although some contradictory ...
- Hangul
- alphabetic system used for writing the Korean language. The system, known as Choson muntcha in North Korea, consists of 24 letters, including 14 consonant and 10 vowel symbols. The consonant ... [9 Related Articles]
- Hangzhou
- city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River ... [7 Related Articles]
- Hani
- an official nationality of China. The Hani live mainly on the high southwestern plateau of Yunnan province, China, specifically concentrated in the southwestern corner. There are also several thousands of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hani language
- (from the article "Sino-Tibetan languages") ...Tibetic (i.e., Tibetan in the widest sense of the word) comprises a number of dialects and languages spoken in Tibet and the Himalayas. Burmic (Burmese in its widest application) includes ...
- Hani, Martin Thembisile
- ("CHRIS"), South African political activist (b. June 28, 1942, Cofimvaba, South Africa--d. April 10, 1993, Boksburg, South Africa), was secretary-general (1991-93) of the South African Communist Party (SACP) and chief ...
- hanif
- in the Qur'an, the sacred scripture of Islam, an Arabic designation for true monotheists (especially Abraham) who were not Jews, Christians, or worshipers of idols. The word appears to have ...
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