| | - Hammer, Mike
- (from the article "Spillane, Mickey") ...began his career by writing for pulp magazines and comic books in order to pay for his schooling. His first novel-I, The Jury (1947)-introduced detective Mike Hammer, ...
- Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...the imagery of Persian, Turkish, and Arabic is required before their poetry and belles lettres can be properly understood and enjoyed. This was realized as early as 1818 by the ...
- Hammerfest
- town, on the barren island of Kvaloya, in Soroy Sound, off the northwestern coast of Norway. Chartered in 1789, it was bombarded and destroyed by two English brigs in 1809. ...
- hammerhead
- (Scopus umbretta), African wading bird, the sole species of the family Scopidae, within the order Ciconiiformes, which also includes herons, flamingos, and storks. The hammerhead ranges over Africa south of ... [1 Related Articles]
- hammerhead crane
- (from the article "cantilever") ...when a considerable area has to be served, as in steel stockyards and shipbuilding berths. In the lighter types a central travelling tower sustains the cantilever girders on either side; ...
- hammerhead shark
- any shark of the family Sphyrnidae (class Selachii). Hammerheads are widely distributed in all oceans, in warm and temperate waters. These sharks are named for the unusual shape of their ... [2 Related Articles]
- hammering
- (from the article "metalwork") Many of the technical processes in use today are essentially the same as those employed in ancient times. The early metalworker was familiar, for example, with hammering, embossing, chasing, inlaying, ...
- Hammerschmidt, Andreas
- Austro-Bohemian composer whose work became an important source of music used in the Lutheran service of worship.
- Hammershaimb, Venceslaus Ulricus
- (from the article "Faroe Islands") Early Faroese oral literature became the basis for modern nationalism in the 19th century and led to the creation of a written Faroese language by the folklorist Venceslaus Ulricus Hammershaimb. ...
- Hammersmith and Fulham
- inner borough of London, part of the historic county of Middlesex. It lies north of the River Thames and west of Kensington and Chelsea. It was created a borough in ...
- Hammerstein, Oscar, II
- U.S. lyricist, musical comedy author, and theatrical producer influential in the development of musical comedy and known especially for his immensely successful collaboration with the composer Richard Rodgers. [4 Related Articles]
- Hammett, Dashiell
- American writer who created the hard-boiled school of detective fiction. (See detective story; hard-boiled fiction). [2 Related Articles]
- Hammid, Alexander
- (from the article "Deren, Maya") Having become interested in modern dance, Deren began working for choreographer Katherine Dunham. In 1941, while on tour in Los Angeles with Dunham and her dance troupe, Deren met Alexander ...
- Hamming code
- (from the article "telecommunication") Another simple example of an FEC code is known as the Hamming code. This code is able to protect a four-bit information signal from a single error on the channel ...
- Hamming, Richard
- American mathematician who discovered mathematical formulas and techniques that made it possible for computers to correct their own errors, thus paving the way for the creation of a number of ...
- hammock
- (from the article "Central American and northern Andean Indian") The high degree of regional variation in crafts is probably related to the small scale of political organization, in which regional chiefdoms predominated. The hammock apparently originated in this area ...
- Hammond
- city, Lake county, northwestern Indiana, U.S. It is located in the Calumet industrial complex between Chicago and Gary, on the Grand Calumet River, near Lake Michigan. It was founded in ...
- Hammond Innes, Ralph
- English novelist and traveler known for adventure stories in which suspense and foreign locations are prominent features. [1 Related Articles]
- Hammond organ
- (from the article "electronic organ") One of the most important and well known of the electronic organs is the Hammond organ, a sophisticated instrument having two manuals, or keyboards, and a set of pedals operated ...
- Hammond Organ Company
- (from the article "Hammond, Laurens") In 1928 he perfected his electric clock and founded the Hammond Clock Company; the company name was changed to the Hammond Instrument Company in 1937, later (1953) becoming the Hammond ...
- Hammond, James H.
- (from the article "Calhoun, John C") After Calhoun's death, his protege, James H. Hammond, said thatpre-eminent as he was intellectually above all the men of this age as I believe, he was so wanting in judgment ...
- Hammond, John
- American record producer, promoter, talent scout, and music critic who discovered and promoted several major figures of popular music, from Count Basie and Billie Holiday in the 1930s to Bob ... [6 Related Articles]
- Hammond, John Hays
- U.S. mining engineer who helped develop gold mining in South Africa and California.
- Hammond, John Hays, Jr.
- U.S. inventor whose development of radio remote control served as the basis for modern missile guidance systems.
- Hammond, Laurens
- American businessman and inventor of the electronic keyboard instrument known as the Hammond organ. [1 Related Articles]
- Hammond, Walter Reginald
- English cricketer and former team captain (1939-46) who broke many records during his career as one of the country's finest batsmen.
- Hammondsport
- village, in the town (township) of Urbana, Steuben county, southern New York, U.S. It lies at the south end of Keuka Lake (one of the Finger Lakes), 20 miles (32 ...
- Hammons, David
- (from the article "Art and Art Exhibitions") Luxury goods of another sort figured prominently in David Hammons's searing comment on the current state of affairs, shrewdly displayed at New York City's L&M Arts, a secondary-market gallery (i.e., ...
- Hammuda Bey
- (from the article "Husaynid dynasty") ...struggles for succession and difficulties with the French marred subsequent Husaynid history. In 1756 the Algerians occupied Tunis and beheaded 'Ali Bey (reigned 1735-56). Hammuda Bey (reigned 1782-1814) severed ties ...
- Hammudid dynasty
- in Spain, Muslim Berber dynasty, one of the party kingdoms (ta'ifahs) that emerged during the decline of the Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba early in the 11th century. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hammurabi
- sixth and best-known ruler of the 1st (Amorite) dynasty of Babylon (reigning c. 1792-50 BC), noted for his surviving set of laws, once considered the oldest promulgation of laws in ... [11 Related Articles]
- Hammurabi, Code of
- the most complete and perfect extant collection of Babylonian laws, developed during the reign of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) of the 1st dynasty of Babylon. It consists of his legal decisions ... [16 Related Articles]
- Hamon, Pierre
- (from the article "calligraphy") The Essemplare is finely printed from woodcut blocks, but seven years after its publication a new and better method of reproducing elaborate calligraphy appeared. In 1567 Pierre ...
- Hamor the Hivite
- (from the article "Dinah") in the Old Testament (Genesis 30:21; 34; 46:15), daughter of Jacob by Leah; Dinah was abducted and raped near the city of Shechem, by Shechem, son of Hamor the Hivite ...
- Hampden
- county, southwestern Massachusetts, U.S., bordered by Connecticut to the south. The county's terrain is characterized by mountains in the west and by ridges and valleys in the east, bisected north-south ...
- Hampden, John
- English Parliamentary leader famous for his opposition to King Charles I over ship money, an episode in the controversies that ultimately led to the English Civil Wars. [2 Related Articles]
- Hampden, Walter
- American actor, theatre manager, and repertory producer.
- Hampel, Anton
- (from the article "wind instrument") ...to form an extension of the air column, the pitch of the note being played was lowered one-half step. Hand stopping, which became known throughout Europe in the 1750s thanks ...
- Hampshire
- administrative, geographic, and historic county of south central England, bounded west by Dorset and Wiltshire, north by Berkshire, east by Surrey and West Sussex, and south by the English Channel. ...
- Hampshire
- breed of medium-wool, dark-faced, hornless sheep originating in Hampshire, England. It is large and blocky and, as a superior mutton breed, is noted for its early maturity. It is one ...
- Hampshire
- county, west-central Massachusetts, U.S. It consists of a mountainous, forested region adjoining Quabbin Reservoir on the northeast and bisected north-south by the Connecticut River. Other watercourses include The Oxbow (lake), ...
- Hampshire
- breed of pig developed in the United States from the Wessex Saddleback and other varieties first imported from England around 1825; in the late 20th century it was one of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hampshire Basin
- (from the article "Tertiary Period") ...Europe contains a number of Tertiary marine basins that essentially rim the North Sea basin, itself the site of active subsidence during the Paleogene and infilling during the Neogene. The ...
- Hampshire Downs
- (from the article "West Berkshire") ...county of Berkshire, England. The unitary authority extends westward from the district of Reading along both sides of the River Kennet and edges into the Berkshire Downs on the north ...
- Hampshire, Sir Stuart Newton
- British philosopher (b. Oct. 1, 1914, Healing, Lincolnshire, Eng.-d. June 13, 2004, Oxford, Eng.), brought aesthetics, politics, and psychology to bear on the philosophy of mind. Hampshire was educated at ... [1 Related Articles]
- Hampstead
- (from the article "Camden") Hampstead was a village in Anglo-Saxon times; in the 10th century AD its manor was bestowed on the monastery at Westminster. In 1086 St. Pancras was held by St. Paul's ...
- Hampton
- independent city, southeastern Virginia, U.S. It lies on the Chesapeake Bay and the north shore of Hampton Roads (natural roadstead), opposite Norfolk, to which it is linked by the Hampton ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hampton
- county, southern South Carolina, U.S. It consists of a low-lying, largely flat region on the Coastal Plain. The Salkehatchie River and its extension, the Combahee, form the county's eastern border, ...
- Hampton Academy
- (from the article "Hampton") ...are in the city. The Syms-Eaton Museum commemorates Benjamin Syms and Thomas Eaton, who founded the first free schools (1634 and 1659, respectively) in America; the two schools merged in ...
- Hampton Court
- Tudor palace in the Greater London borough of Richmond upon Thames. It overlooks the north bank of the River Thames. In the 1520s the palace was given by Thomas Cardinal ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hampton Court Conference
- meeting held at Hampton Court Palace, near London, in January 1604, in response to the Millenary Petition (q.v.), in which the Puritans set forth their demands for reform of the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hampton Roads
- great natural roadstead, southeastern Virginia, U.S., formed by the deepwater estuary of the James River, protected by the Virginia Peninsula. The Nansemond and Elizabeth rivers also enter the roadstead, which ... [5 Related Articles]
- Hampton Roads Conference
- (Feb. 3, 1865), informal, unsuccessful peace talks at Hampton Roads, Va., U.S., between the Union and the Confederacy during the U.S. Civil War. At the urging of his wartime adviser, ...
- Hampton Roads, Port of
- (from the article "Hampton Roads") The port cities comprise the Port of Hampton Roads, created in 1926 under the State of Virginia Port Authority; it is one of the busiest seaports in the country. Exports ...
- Hampton University
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Hampton, Virginia, U.S. It is a historically African-American university. The Undergraduate College consists of schools of business, liberal arts and education, engineering and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hampton, Christopher
- (from the article "1988: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Ronald Bass and Barry Morrow for Rain ManAdapted Screenplay: Christopher Hampton for Dangerous LiaisonsCinematography: Peter Biziou for Mississippi BurningArt Direction: Stuart Craig for Dangerous LiaisonsOriginal Score: Dave Grusin ...
- Hampton, Henry
- American documentary filmmaker whose 1987 television series "Eyes on the Prize," which won a Peabody Award and four Emmys, told the story of the American civil rights struggle with an ...
- Hampton, Lionel
- American jazz musician and bandleader, known for the rhythmic vitality of his playing and his showmanship as a performer. Best known for his work on the vibraphone, Hampton was also ... [6 Related Articles]
- Hampton, Mark Iredell, Jr.
- American interior designer (b. June 1, 1940, Plainfield, Ind.--d. July 23, 1998, New York, N.Y.), decorated the homes of such luminaries as George and Barbara Bush, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and ...
- Hampton, Wade
- Confederate war hero during the American Civil War who restored Southern white rule to South Carolina following Radical Reconstruction. [2 Related Articles]
- Hamra', al-Hammadah al-
- desolate rocky plateau of the Sahara, northwestern Libya. Located mostly in Tripolitania, it occupies an area measuring about 275 mi (440 km) by 190 mi. Its bare rock outcrops reach ... [1 Related Articles]
- hamri
- (from the article "Morocco") ...Doukkala, and Abda plains, produces good yields of wheat and barley when precipitation is sufficient and can retain enough moisture to support summer pasture. Hamri, a light ...
- hamster
- any of 18 Eurasian species of rodents possessing internal cheek pouches. The golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) of Syria is commonly kept as a pet. Hamsters are stout-bodied, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Hamsun, Knut
- Norwegian novelist, dramatist, poet, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1920. A leader of the Neoromantic revolt at the turn of the century, he rescued the novel ...
- Hamuli, 'Abduh al-
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...is cultivated independently. Thus almost all of the Near Eastern musicians who are well known are singers; those particularly influential in the modern renaissance, in chronological order, include 'Abduh al-Hamuli, ...
- hamulus
- (from the article "bird") ...basal section of the rachis is called the calamus, part of which lies beneath the skin. The barbs, in turn, have branches, the barbules. The barbules on the distal side ...
- Hamutenya, Hidipo
- (from the article "Namibia") ...People's Organization (SWAPO) held an extraordinary congress in May 2004, there was intense competition over the successor to Sam Nujoma as president of Namibia. One of the leading contenders, Hidipo ...
- Hamvira
- (from the article "India") ...coasts was lost to the Bahmani sultans and to the suddenly powerful Gajapati ruler of Orissa. In the 1450s and '60s Kapilendra (Kapileshvara), the great king of Orissa, together with ...
- Hamza El Din
- Nubian musician, composer, and musicologist (b. July 10, 1929, Toshka, Egypt-d. May 22, 2006, Berkeley, Calif.), gained fame playing Nubian folk-based compositions on the 'ud, or oud (a short-necked lute), ...
- Hamzah ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...heroes from early Islamic times were afterward retold throughout Iran, India, and Turkey. Thus, the Dastan-e Amir Hamzeh, a story of Muhammad's uncle Hamzah ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, was slowly enlarged ...
- Hamzah ibn 'Ali
- one of the founders of the Druze religion. Almost nothing is known of his life before he entered Egypt in 1017. He became a spokesman for the religious convictions of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Hamzah, Prince
- (from the article "Jordan") In November King Abdullah stripped his half brother and heir apparent Prince Hamzah of his duties as crown prince; the new heir to the throne would be Abdullah's eldest son, ...
- han
- (from the article "Chinese jade") ...the huan (a braceletlike disk with a large hole), the huang (a flat, half-ring pendant), the han (ornaments, often carved in ...
- han
- in Japanese history, fief controlled by a daimyo, or territorial lord, during the Tokugawa period (1603-1868). [2 Related Articles]
- Han
- (from the article "China, flag of") ...China since 1949, when the forces of Mao Zedong won the Chinese civil war and expelled the Nationalists and their flag from the mainland. However, red is also the traditional ...
- Han Chinese
- (from the article "Chinese languages") Han Chinese developed more polysyllabic words and more specific verbal and nominal (noun) categories of words. Most traces of verb formation and verb conjugation began to disappear. An independent Southern ...
- Han Duck Soo
- (from the article "Korea, Republic of") ...(2007 est.): 48,456,000 | Capital: Seoul | Head of state and government: President Roh Moo Hyun, assisted by Prime Ministers Han Myung Sook, Kwon O Kyu (acting) from March 7, ...
- Han dynasty
- the second great Chinese imperial dynasty (206 BC-AD 220) after the Zhou dynasty. It suceeded the Qin dynasty (221-207 BC). So thoroughly did the Han dynasty establish what was thereafter ... [51 Related Articles]
- Han Feizi
- the greatest of China's Legalist philosophers. His essays on autocratic government so impressed King Zheng of Qin that the future emperor adopted their principles after seizing power in 221 BCE. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Han Gan
- Chinese painter of the Tang dynasty, who, though recorded as having done wall paintings on Buddhist and Daoist themes, is best remembered for his paintings of horses. Han emphasized the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Han Hsiang
- in Chinese mythology, one of the Pa Hsien, the Eight Immortals of Taoism. He desired to make flowers bloom in an instant and to produce fine-tasting wine without using grain. ...
- Han Lin'er
- (from the article "Hongwu") With the death of Chen Youliang, events moved quickly to a climax. In 1367 the Song pretender Han Lin'er felt so threatened by the Mongols at his headquarters at Chuzhou ...
- Han Myung Sook
- (from the article "Korea, Republic of") Area: 99,678 sq km (38,486 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 48,456,000 | Capital: Seoul | Head of state and government: President Roh Moo Hyun, assisted by Prime Ministers Han ...
- Han River
- river in eastern Guangdong province, China. The Han River rises in the Wuyi Mountains in southwest Fujian province to the north of Changting. Its upper course is known as the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Han River
- one of the most important tributaries of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) of China. It has a total length of about 950 miles (1,530 km). The Han River rises in ... [2 Related Articles]
- Han River
- river, northern South Korea, rising in the western slopes of the T'aebaek-sanmaek (mountains) and flowing generally westward across the peninsula through the provinces of Kangwon, Kyonggi, and North Ch'ungch'ong and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Han River Valley
- (from the article "Shensi") The Han Valley itself broadens out near the city of Han-chung into a fertile and densely cultivated basin about 60 miles (100 kilometres) long and 10 miles broad. Farther downstream ...
- Han Shaogong
- (from the article "Literature") Among works published in 2005 were some by top writers. In the novelette Bao gao zheng fu ("Reporting, Sir"), author Han Shaogong adopted an ingenious structure for his story, which ...
- Han Tuozhou
- minister to the Chinese emperor Ningzong (reigned 1195-1224) of the Song dynasty (960-1279). Han tried to recover territory in northern China that had been taken from the Song several generations ... [3 Related Articles]
- Han Yongun
- Korean Buddhist poet and religious and political leader. [1 Related Articles]
- Han Yu
- master of Chinese prose, outstanding poet, and the first proponent of what later came to be known as Neo-Confucianism, which had wide influence in China and Japan. [6 Related Articles]
- Han, Grottoes of
- (from the article "Lesse River") ...rocks (limestone and shale) of the Famenne depression, it abruptly turns westward toward the Meuse. Disappearing underground for about a mile at Han-sur-Lesse, the river has created the celebrated Grottoes ...
- Han-ch'eng
- (from the article "Shensi") ...in the north of the province has enormous coal reserves, second in size only to those of Shansi. Important modern mines are those at T'ung-ch'uan, on the northern slope of ...
- Han-Ye-Ping Iron and Coal Company
- (from the article "Daye") ...turned it over to private interests. In 1908 the Hanyang Ironworks of Hankou, the Daye iron mines, and the coal mines at Pingxiang in Jiangxi province were incorporated into a ...
- Hana
- village, Maui county, on the east-central coast of Maui island, Hawaii, U.S. Located on the shore of Hana Bay, the village was for many years an isolated enclave of ancient ...
- Hana Valley
- agricultural region of southern Severomoravsky kraj (region) and northeastern Jihomoravsky kraj, eastern Czech Republic. A plain formed by the confluence of the Blata, Romze, Becva, Mostenka, Valova, and Hana rivers ...
- hana-nuri
- (from the article "ro-iro") in Japanese lacquerwork, technique of coating with black lacquer, involving two major methods. Hana-nuri (or nuritate-mono) uses black lacquer that contains oil in order to impart a glossy finish to ...
- Hanabilah
- in Islam, the most fundamentalist of the four Sunni schools of religious law. Based on the teachings of Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855), the Hanbali legal school (madhhab) emphasized virtually complete ... [6 Related Articles]
- Hanabusa Itcho
- Japanese painter who broke away from the orthodox style of the Kano school to experiment with humorous subjects from everyday life. Because of his subject matter, his work is sometimes ...
- Hanachka Rezna
- (from the article "Hana Valley") ...royal city and capital of Moravia until 1642. Other towns include Prostejov, an industrial centre manufacturing iron and steel, agricultural machinery, clothing, food and dairy products, and Hanachka Rezna (a ...
- Hanafi, al-
- (from the article "encyclopaedia") ...multaqa al-zuhur bi rawdah min al-manzum wa al manthur (1524; "Collection of Tangled Flowers in the Garden of Poetry and Prose") of al-Hanafi comprised an encyclopaedic survey and description of ...
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