| | - Games for the New Emerging Forces
- (from the article "Olympic Games") The 1964 Olympics introduced improved timing and scoring technologies, including the first use of computers to keep statistics. After Taiwan and Israel were excluded from the Games of the New ...
- Games, Abram
- British graphic designer best known for the World War II posters he created while serving as official war poster designer for England; his works were noted for their vividness and ...
- gametangium
- (from the article "plant") ...dominant photosynthetic phase is the sporophyte.) The sporophyte generation develops from, and is almost entirely parasitic on, the gametophyte. The gametophyte produces multicellular sex organs (gametangia). Female gametangia are called ...
- gamete
- sex, or reproductive, cell containing only one set of dissimilar chromosomes, or half of the genetic material necessary to form a complete organism (i.e., haploid). During fertilization, male and female ... [23 Related Articles]
- gamete intrafallopian transfer
- (from the article "infertility") ...fertilized by sperm in the laboratory, and returned to the uterus for normal gestation. The first successful in vitro fertilization was carried out in England in 1978. Another procedure, called ...
- gametic isolation
- (from the article "evolution") Marine animals often discharge their eggs and sperm into the surrounding water, where fertilization takes place. Gametes of different species may fail to attract one another. For example, the sea ...
- gametophore
- (from the article "bryophyte") ...usually limited to a short unbranched filament that rapidly initiates a three-dimensional cell mass, the sporeling. This sporeling is rich in chlorophyll and soon forms an apical cell from which ...
- gametophyte
- in certain plants, sexual phase (or an individual representing the phase) in the alternation of generations-a phenomenon in which two distinct phases occur in the life history of the plant, ... [21 Related Articles]
- gametophytic self-incompatibility
- (from the article "angiosperm") ...common type is sporophytic self-incompatibility, in which the secretions of the stigmatic tissue or the transmitting tissue prevent the germination or growth of incompatible pollen. A second type, gametophytic self-incompatibility, ...
- gaming, Indian
- in the United States, gambling enterprises that are owned by federally recognized Native American tribal governments and that operate on reservation or other tribal lands. Indian gaming includes a range ...
- Gamio, Manuel
- (from the article "anthropology") In the 1920s and '30s, Latin American anthropologists such as Manuel Gamio in Mexico and Gilberto Freyre in Brazil used cultural relativism to shape their nations on the ideal of ...
- Gamla Stan
- (from the article "Stockholm") The original nucleus of the city is the "city between the bridges"-Gamla Stan (Old Town), consisting of Stads Island, Helgeands Island, and Riddar Island (see photograph). The ...
- gamma benzene hexachloride
- (from the article "benzene hexachloride") any of several stereoisomers of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane formed by the light-induced addition of chlorine to benzene. One of these isomers is an insecticide called lindane, or Gammexane.scabies treatment
- gamma decay
- type of radioactivity in which some unstable atomic nuclei dissipate excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. In the most common form of gamma decay, known as gamma emission, gamma ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gamma Draconis
- (from the article "Bradley, James") ...displacement of the stars Sirius and Vega in the 17th century, but his observations were found to be erroneous. Robert Hooke, one of the founding members of the Royal Society, ...
- gamma function
- generalization of the factorial function to nonintegral values, introduced by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler in the 18th century.
- gamma globulin
- subgroup of the blood proteins called globulins. In humans and many of the other mammals, antibodies, when they are formed, occur in the gamma globulins. Persons who lack gamma globulin ... [5 Related Articles]
- gamma interferon
- (from the article "immune system") ...then several types have been discovered, each produced by a different type of cell. Alpha interferon is produced by white blood cells other than lymphocytes, beta interferon by fibroblasts, and ...
- gamma iron
- (from the article "iron") ...pure form occur. Delta iron, characterized by a body-centred-cubic crystal structure, is stable above a temperature of 1,394° C (2,541° F). Below this temperature there is a transition to gamma ...
- gamma knife
- (from the article "brain cancer") ...it is important to minimize exposure to the normal cells surrounding the tumour. This is accomplished by employing special procedures that focus the radiation. For instance, a device called a ...
- gamma motor fibre
- (from the article "sensory reception, human") The muscle spindle is contractile in response to its own small-diameter, gamma motor (efferent) fibre. The receptors and the gamma fibres of the muscle spindle form a neuromuscular loop that ...
- gamma phase
- (from the article "uranium processing") ...by uranium atoms. Between room temperature and its melting point of 1,132° C (2,070° F), uranium metal exists in three crystalline forms known as the alpha (alpha), beta (beta), and ...
- gamma ray
- electromagnetic radiation of the shortest wavelength and highest energy. [32 Related Articles]
- gamma space
- (from the article "canonical ensemble") ...in which it can move (see freedom, degree of ), 2sN values are required to specify its state. This system can then be described as a point in a 2sN-dimensional ...
- gamma-aminobutyric acid
- (from the article "nervous system") ...acids act as either excitatory or inhibitory transmitters. The excitatory amino acids include glutamic acid (or glutamate) and aspartic acid (or aspartate), and the inhibitory amino acids include gamma-aminobutyric acid ...
- gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
- (from the article "bleeding and blood clotting") ...a region of the liver cell called the rough endoplasmic reticulum, specific glutamic acid residues in the protein are changed by an enzyme-mediated reaction to form a modified glutamic acid ...
- gamma-carboxylation
- (from the article "bleeding and blood clotting") ...specific glutamic acid residues in the protein are changed by an enzyme-mediated reaction to form a modified glutamic acid known as gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. This enzyme reaction, known as gamma-carboxylation, requires ...
- gamma-delta receptor
- (from the article "immune system") ...chains. The most common type of receptor is called alpha-beta because it is composed of two different chains, one called alpha and the other beta (see illustration). A less common ...
- gamma-ray astronomy
- (from the article "gamma ray") ...is employed to support geologic mapping, mineral exploration, and identification of environmental contamination. Gamma rays were first detected from astronomical sources in the 1960s, and gamma-ray astronomy is now a ...
- gamma-ray burster
- any of a class of very distant objects responsible for intense, nonrepeating flashes of high-energy gamma rays that appear unpredictably at arbitrary points in the sky at a rate of ... [3 Related Articles]
- gamma-ray logging
- (from the article "Earth exploration") Information about the mineral composition and physical properties of a rock formation can be obtained by means of gamma-ray logging, a technique that involves measuring natural gamma-ray emissions in boreholes. ...
- gamma-ray spectroscopy
- (from the article "gamma ray") ...the "daughter" nucleus is sometimes produced in an excited state. The subsequent relaxation of the daughter nucleus to a lower-energy state results in the emission of a gamma-ray photon. Gamma-ray ...
- gamma-ray telescope
- (from the article "telescope") These instruments require the use of grazing-incidence techniques similar to those employed with X-ray telescopes. Gamma rays are the shortest (about 0.1 angstrom or less) known waves in the electromagnetic ...
- Gammaherpesvirinae
- (from the article "virus") ...1 and 2, bovine mamillitis virus, SA8 virus and monkey B virus, pseudorabies virus, equine herpesvirus, and varicella-zoster virus; Betaherpesvirinae, composed of species of cytomegaloviruses; and Gammaherpesvirinae, composed of genera ...
- gammarid
- any member of the family Gammaridae, the largest of 80 or so families that make up the crustacean order Amphipoda. The name is sometimes also used to refer to amphipods ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gammarus
- (from the article "gammarid") any member of the family Gammaridae, the largest of 80 or so families that make up the crustacean order Amphipoda. The name is sometimes also used to refer to amphipods ...
- gamonalismo
- a term meaning "bossism," used in Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. It is derived from gamonal, a word meaning a "large landowner," and it refers to the exploitation of the Indian ...
- gamone
- (from the article "protist") ...or the number of predivisions of the micronuclei may vary, as may the number of nuclear divisions that take place after the zygotic nucleus is formed. Furthermore, chemical signals (gamones) ...
- Gamoneda, Antonio
- (from the article "Literature") ...life and culture through memory, eroticism, moral transgressions, and the evanescence of time. The Cervantes Prize, the highest prize in Spanish-language literature, was awarded to the Spanish poet Antonio Gamoneda.
- Gamow, George
- Russian-born American nuclear physicist and cosmologist who was one of the foremost advocates of the big-bang theory, according to which the universe was formed in a colossal explosion that took ... [5 Related Articles]
- Gamow-Teller decay
- (from the article "radioactivity") ...decay partly proceeds with the 12 ℏ spins of beta and neutrino adding to one unit of ℏ. The former process is known as Fermi decay (F) and the latter ...
- Gamsakhurdia, Konstantine
- (from the article "Georgian literature") ...Kvachantiradze and His Adventures") and Arsena Marabdeli (1933-36; "Arsena of Marabda"). The most enigmatic Georgian prose writer of the 20th century was Konstantine Gamsakhurdia; like Robakidze, he was influenced by ...
- Gamsakhurdia, Zviad
- (from the article "Georgia") Under the reforms of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s, Georgia moved swiftly toward independence. The former dissident Zviad Gamsakhurdia led a coalition called the Round Table to victory ...
- gamut
- in music, the full range of pitches in a musical system; also, the compass of a particular instrument or voice. The word originated with the medieval monk Guido of Arezzo ...
- Gan language
- Chinese language of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken primarily in Jiangxi province and the southeastern corner of Hubei province. According to some scholars, there are five primary dialects: Changjing, Yiping, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gan River
- river, chiefly in Jiangxi sheng (province), China. The Gan River is one of the principal southern tributaries of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). Its headwaters rise in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gana, Idrisu
- (from the article "Pategi") ...of the Kaduna River. Founded in the late 16th century by the king of the Nupe peoples, the town, the name of which means "small hill," became the capital of ...
- Gananoque
- town, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies along the St. Lawrence River, at the mouth of the Gananoque River. The town was founded by Charles McDonald, who built a mill there ...
- Ganapatya
- member of an esoteric Hindu sect devoted to the worship of the elephant-headed Ganesa (also called Ganapati) as the supreme deity. The sect was at its height in about the ...
- Ganassa, Zan
- one of the most important and influential actors and company managers of the early Italian commedia dell'arte.
- Ganca
- city, western Azerbaijan. It lies along the Ganca River. The town was founded sometime in the 5th or 6th century, about 4 miles (6.5 km) east of the modern city. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gance, Abel
- important director in the post-World War I revival of the French cinema who is best known for extravagant historical spectacles.
- Gancia revolt
- (from the article "Italy") ...opposition to the Bourbon government was endemic and extreme, was the most obvious place for a democratic revival. In April 1860 a Mazzinian-inspired insurrection broke out in Palermo (the Gancia ...
- Ganda
- (from the article "Chandela") ...River to the west to the Vindhya Hills. Their strongholds were the famous fortress of Kalinjar, together with Khajuraho, Mahoba, and Ajaigarh. The Chandela raja Nanda, or Ganda, assisted Jaipal ...
- Ganda
- people inhabiting the area north and northwest of Lake Victoria in south-central Uganda. They speak a Bantu language-called Ganda, or Luganda-of the Benue-Congo group. The Ganda are the most numerous ... [7 Related Articles]
- Ganda language
- (from the article "Benue-Congo languages") ...Rwanda 8,000,000; Shona, Kongo, and Xhosa each 7,000,000; Luba 6,300,000; Rundi 6,000,000; and Kikuyu, Makua, Nyanja, Swahili, and Sukuma each more than 5,000,000. Mention should also be made of Ganda, ...
- Gandak River
- river in central Nepal and northern India. It is formed by the union of the Kali and Trisuli rivers, which rise in the Great Himalaya Range in Nepal; from this ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gandamak, Treaty of
- (from the article "Afghanistan") The Treaty of Gandamak (Gandomak; May 26, 1879) recognized Ya'qub Khan as emir, and he subsequently agreed to receive a permanent British embassy at Kabul. In addition, he agreed to ...
- Gandar, Laurence Owen Vine
- South African newspaper editor whose antiapartheid articles in 1965 introduced investigative journalism to South Africa by revealing the dreadful prison conditions faced by blacks; he crusaded for economic integration and ...
- Gandash
- (from the article "Kassite") ...kings traditionally ruled over Babylonia for 576 years, it is probable that the first Kassite kings reigned in Babylonia simultaneously with the last kings of the first Babylonian dynasty; thus ...
- Gander
- town, northeastern Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It lies just north of Gander Lake, 206 miles (332 km) northwest of St. John's. Gander is home to a major international airport. ...
- Gandhara
- historical region in what is now northwestern Pakistan, corresponding to the Vale of Peshawar and having extensions into the lower valleys of the Kabul and Swat rivers. [6 Related Articles]
- Gandhara art
- style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century BC and the 7th century AD. The style, of Greco-Roman ... [9 Related Articles]
- Gandhi, Indira
- politician who served as prime minister of India for three consecutive terms (1966-77) and a fourth term (1980-84). She was assassinated by Sikh extremists. [17 Related Articles]
- Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
- leader of the Indian nationalist movement against British rule, considered to be the father of his country. He is internationally esteemed for his doctrine of nonviolent protest to achieve political ... [43 Related Articles]
- Gandhi, Rajiv
- the leading general secretary of India's Congress (I) Party (from 1981) and prime minister of India (1984-89) after the assassination of his mother, Indira Gandhi. He was himself assassinated in ... [7 Related Articles]
- Gandhi, Sanjay
- (from the article "India") ...Gandhi, was with him. Long separated from her husband-Feroze Gandhi, by then deceased-Indira had moved into Teen Murti Bhavan, the prime minister's mansion, with her two sons, Rajiv and Sanjay. ...
- Gandhi, Sonia
- Italian-born Indian politician who was president of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party; 1998- ) and chairperson of the United Progressive Alliance (2004- ), the ruling coalition. [7 Related Articles]
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact
- (from the article "Nehru, Jawaharlal") ...became closer to the Mahatma. Although Gandhi did not officially designate him his political heir until 1942, the country as early as the mid-1930s saw in Nehru the natural successor ...
- Gandhinagar
- city, capital of Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies on the banks of the Sabarmati River, north of the former capital of Ahmadabad. Built to supplant the former capital, the ...
- Gandia
- city, Valencia provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Valencia, eastern Spain. It lies south of Valencia city at the mouth of ...
- Gandil, Charles
- (from the article "Black Sox Scandal") ...bribed to lose the 1919 World Series to the Cincinnati Reds. The accused players were pitchers Eddie Cicotte and Claude ("Lefty") Williams, first baseman Charles ("Chick") Gandil, shortstop Charles ("Swede") ...
- Gandolfini, James
- American actor, best known for his portrayal of Mafia boss and family man Tony Soprano in the HBO drama series The Sopranos (1999-2007). [2 Related Articles]
- Gandon, James
- (from the article "Western architecture") Both Ireland and Scotland produced significant Neoclassical buildings. In Dublin, James Gandon's Four Courts (1786-96), with its shallow saucer dome raised on a high columnar drum with echoes of Wren's ...
- Ganesan, Gemini
- Indian film actor (b. Nov. 17, 1920, Madras [Chennai], Tamil Nadu, India-d. March 22, 2005, Chennai), was the "kadhal mannan" ("king of romance") in southern India's Tamil-language cinema. Ganesan appeared ...
- Ganesan, Sivaji
- versatile star of Indian cinema. [1 Related Articles]
- Ganesha
- elephant-headed Hindu god of beginnings, who is traditionally worshipped before any major enterprise and is the patron of intellectuals, bankers, scribes, and authors. He is also known as "Lord of ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ganesha-caturthi
- (from the article "Maharashtra") ...started on their military campaigns. Diwali, coming next, is a celebration of lights and fireworks. During Pola, bullocks are given a holiday and decorated for races. The Ganesh festival during ...
- gang
- a group of persons, usually youths, who share a common identity and who generally engage in criminal behaviour. In contrast to the criminal behaviour of other youths, the activities of ... [11 Related Articles]
- Gang Canal
- (from the article "Thar Desert") ...is available, crops such as wheat and cotton are grown. The Sukkur (Lloyd) Barrage on the Indus River, completed in 1932, irrigates the southern Thar region in Pakistan by means ...
- gang drill
- (from the article "machine tool") A gang-drilling machine consists of several individual columns, drilling heads, and spindles mounted on a single base and utilizing a common table. Various numbers of spindles may be used, but ...
- gang labour system
- (from the article "slavery") The great discovery in Brazil in the second half of the 16th century was the gang labour system, which was so cost-effective that it made Brazilian sugar cheaper in Europe ...
- Gang of Four
- the most powerful members of a radical political elite convicted for implementing the harsh policies directed by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) chairman Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution (1966-76). The ... [5 Related Articles]
- Gang of Four, the
- British rock group known for its Marxist politics and danceable fusion of rock and funk. The principal members were Jon King (b. June 8, 1955, London, Eng., ), Andy Gill ...
- gang saw
- (from the article "wood") ...in large operations it is mechanically debarked, and in some it is crosscut to length. Supported on a carriage, it is brought to a headsaw (the first saw), which is ...
- gang show
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...and, as this approach represented an extension of old music-hall traditions, success was achieved by many programs in this vein. From the music-hall-variety-type program emerged the "gang show," in which ...
- Ganga
- (from the article "Varuna") ...god and man. In later Hinduism, Varuna plays a lesser role. He is guardian of the west and is particularly associated with oceans and waters. Thus he is often attended ...
- Ganga Dynasty
- either of two distinct but remotely related Indian dynasties. The Western Gangas ruled in Mysore state (Gangavadi) from about AD 250 to about 1004. The Eastern Gangas ruled Kalinga from ... [4 Related Articles]
- Gangaikondacolapuram
- (from the article "South Indian temple architecture") ...style is most fully realized in the splendid Brhadisvara temple at Thanjavur, built about 1003-10 by Rajaraja the Great, and the great temple at Gangaikondacolapuram, built about 1025 by his ...
- Gangala-Na-Bodio
- (from the article "Garamba National Park") ...largely of granite. Wildlife includes the rare white rhinoceros (which is sometimes the target of illegal poaching), buffalo, hippopotamus, and giraffe. In the south there is an elephant station, Gangala-Na-Bodio, ...
- Ganganagar
- town, extreme northern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. During the 1970s it grew rapidly as an agricultural distribution centre. The town has textile, sugar, and rice mills. A meteorological station and ...
- Ganges Fan
- (from the article "ocean") ...fans adjacent to the base of the continental slope. Turbidites also are found below the major river deltas of the world where they build features called abyssal cones. The largest ...
- Ganges River
- great river of the plains of northern India. Although officially as well as popularly called the Ganga, both in Hindi and in other Indian languages, internationally it is known by ... [13 Related Articles]
- Ganges river dolphin
- (from the article "river dolphin") ...Argentina. Gray above and pale below, this little dolphin grows only 1.2-1.7 metres (4-5.6 feet) long and weighs 20-60 kg (45-135 pounds). Females are larger than males. The Ganges river ...
- Ganges-Brahmaputra delta cyclone
- catastrophic tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) on Nov. 12, 1970, killing hundreds of thousands of people in the densely populated Ganges-Brahmaputra delta. Even though it was not ...
- Ganges-Brahmaputra lowlands
- (from the article "Tripura Plains") plains in southwestern Tripura state, northeastern India, extending over approximately 1,600 square miles (4,150 square km). The Tripura Plains are located on a section of the greater Ganges-Brahmaputra lowlands (also ...
- Ganges-Yamuna Doab
- segment of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in western and southwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northeastern India, with an area of about 23,360 square miles (60,500 square km). It lies between the Ganges ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gangesa
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...the end of the 12th century, creative work of the highest order began to take place in the fields of logic and epistemology in Mithila and Bengal. The 12th-13th-century philosopher ...
- Gangeyadeva
- (from the article "India") The Kalacuris of Tripuri (near Jabalpur) also began as feudatories of the Rashtrakutas, becoming a power in central India in the 11th century during the reigns of Gangeyadeva and his ...
- ganglion
- dense group of nerve-cell bodies present in most animals above the level of cnidarians. In flatworms (e.g., planaria) two lateral neuronal cords carry impulses to and from a pair of ... [10 Related Articles]
- ganglion cell
- (from the article "eye, human") ...induced in the rods and cones by light are transmitted to (3) a layer of neurons (nerve cells) called the bipolar cells. These bipolar cells connect with (4) the innermost ...
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