| | - Galloway, Joseph
- distinguished American colonial attorney and legislator who remained loyal to Great Britain at the time of the American Revolution (1775-83). His effort in 1774 to settle differences peacefully narrowly missed ...
- Galloway, Mull of
- (from the article "Irish Sea") ...sea is about 130 miles (210 km) long and 150 miles (240 km) wide. Its total area is approximately 40,000 square miles (100,000 square km). Its greatest depth measures about ...
- gallstone
- concretion composed of crystalline substances (usually cholesterol, bile pigments, and calcium salts) embedded in a small amount of protein material formed most often in the gallbladder. The most common type ... [4 Related Articles]
- Gallup
- city, seat (1901) of McKinley county, northwestern New Mexico, U.S., on the Puerco River, near the Arizona state line. Settled in 1880 as a Westward Overland Stagecoach stop, it became ...
- Gallup, George Horace
- American public-opinion statistician whose Gallup Poll became almost synonymous with public-opinion surveys. Gallup helped to advance the public's trust in survey research in 1936 when he, Elmo Roper, and Archibald ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gallurian
- (from the article "Romance languages") ...Other dialects of Sardinian include Campidanese (Campidanian), centred around Cagliari in the south, heavily influenced by Catalan and Italian; Sassarese (Sassarian) in the northwest; and Gallurese (Gallurian) in the northeast. ...
- Gallus
- Roman emperor from 251 to 253. [1 Related Articles]
- Gallus Caesar
- ruler of the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire, with the title of caesar, from 351 to 354. [2 Related Articles]
- Gallus, Aelius
- (from the article "ancient Rome") In the south, Augustus found suitable frontiers quickly. In 25 BC an expedition under Aelius Gallus opened the Red Sea to Roman use and simultaneously revealed the Arabian Desert as ...
- Gallus, Gaius Aelius
- (from the article "Arabia Felix") ...Romans chose the name because of the area's pleasant climate and reputed riches in agricultural products and in spices. The emperor Augustus (reigned 27 BC-AD 14) sent an expedition under ...
- Gallus, Gaius Cornelius
- Roman soldier and poet, famous for four books of poems to his mistress "Lycoris" (the actress Volumnia, stage name Cytheris), which, in ancient opinion, made him the first of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Galois group
- (from the article "Galois, Evariste") ...analyze the "admissible" permutations of the roots of the equation. His key discovery, brilliant and highly imaginative, was that solvability by radicals is possible if and only if the group ...
- Galois theory
- (from the article "algebra") The last significant influence on van der Waerden's structural image of algebra was by Artin, above all for the latter's reformulation of Galois theory. Rather than speaking of the Galois ...
- Galois, Evariste
- French mathematician famous for his contributions to the part of higher algebra now known as group theory. His theory provided a solution to the long-standing question of determining when an ... [9 Related Articles]
- Galon Army
- (from the article "San, Saya") ...Saya San organized peasant discontent and proclaimed himself a pretender to the throne who, like Alaungpaya, would unite the people and expel the British invader. He organized his followers into ...
- Galston, Arthur William
- American plant physiologist and bioethicist conducted research in the late 1950s into a powerful herbicide that later served as the basis for Agent Orange; Galston warned of the defoliant's toxicity ...
- Galswintha
- daughter of Athanagild, Visigothic king of Spain, and Goisuintha; sister of Brunhild, queen of Austrasia; and wife of Chilperic I, the Merovingian king of Neustria. Galswintha and Chilperic were married ... [2 Related Articles]
- Galsworthy, John
- English novelist and playwright, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932. [2 Related Articles]
- Galt
- (from the article "Cambridge") city, regional municipality of Waterloo, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies 55 miles (90 km) west-southwest of Toronto. Cambridge was created in 1973 from the consolidation of the city of Galt, ...
- Galt, John
- prolific Scottish novelist admired for his depiction of country life. [2 Related Articles]
- Galt, Sir Alexander Tilloch
- Canadian businessman, statesman, and influential early advocate of federation.
- Galtieri, Leopoldo Fortunato
- Argentine military ruler (b. July 15, 1926, Caseros, Arg.-d. Jan. 12, 2003, Buenos Aires, Arg.), initiated the disastrous (for Argentina) 1982 war with Great Britain over the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas ... [3 Related Articles]
- Galton, Sir Francis
- English explorer, anthropologist, and eugenicist, known for his pioneering studies of human intelligence. He was knighted in 1909. [13 Related Articles]
- Galty Mountains
- mountain range, extending across the border between southwestern County Tipperary and southeastern County Limerick, southern Ireland. The range has the east-west trend characteristic of the extreme south of the country. ...
- Galtymore
- (from the article "Galty Mountains") ...County Limerick, southern Ireland. The range has the east-west trend characteristic of the extreme south of the country. The highest peaks are formed of sandstone, the highest point being Galtymore ...
- Galuppi, Baldassare
- Italian composer whose comic operas won him the title "father of the opera buffa." His nickname derives from his birthplace, Burano.
- Galvan, Manuel de Jesus
- (from the article "Dominican Republic") During the 19th-century Haitian occupation, a nationalist spirit began to develop in Dominican literature, notably in the poetry of Felix Maria del Monte. Manuel de Jesus Galvan continued the trend ...
- Galvani, Luigi
- Italian physician and physicist who investigated the nature and effects of what he conceived to be electricity in animal tissue. His discoveries led to the invention of the voltaic pile, ... [4 Related Articles]
- galvanizing
- protection of iron or steel against exposure to the atmosphere and consequent rusting by application of a zinc coating. Properly applied, galvanizing may protect from atmospheric corrosion for 15 to ... [5 Related Articles]
- galvanneal process
- (from the article "steel") There are several variations of the basic galvanizing process. The galvanneal process heats the strip above the zinc pot right after coating, using induction coils or gas-fired burners to create ...
- galvanometer
- instrument for measuring a small electrical current or a function of the current by deflection of a moving coil. The deflection is a mechanical rotation derived from forces resulting from ... [1 Related Articles]
- galvanometer drive
- (from the article "watch") Electric-powered watches use one of three drive systems: (1) the galvanometer drive, consisting of the conventional balance-hairspring oscillator, kept in motion by the magnetic interaction of a coil and a ...
- galvanostatic method
- (from the article "electrochemical reaction") ...of others observed. One such method consists of placing a constant current pulse upon an electrode and measuring the variation of the resulting current through the solution. This is called ...
- galvanotropism
- (from the article "tropism") ...to gravity), chemotropism (response to particular substances), hydrotropism (response to water), thigmotropism (response to mechanical stimulation), traumatotropism (response to wound lesion), and galvanotropism, or electrotropism (response to electric current). Most ...
- Galvao, Duarte
- (from the article "Manuel I") The crusading aspect of the expansion reached its apogee with Albuquerque, who nourished grandiose schemes for blockading the Red Sea and capturing Mecca. Duarte Galvao's attempts to persuade other European ...
- Galveston
- city, seat (1838) of Galveston county, southeastern Texas, U.S., 51 miles (82 km) southeast of Houston. It is a major deepwater port on the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, at the northeast ... [2 Related Articles]
- Galveston Bay
- inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, on the southeastern shore of Texas, U.S. Protected from the gulf by the Bolivar Peninsula and Galveston Island, the shallow bay (average depth is ...
- Galvez, Jose, Marques De La Sonora
- Spanish colonial administrator particularly noted for his work as inspector general (visitador general) in New Spain (Mexico), 1765-71. Among his important accomplishments were the reorganization of the tax system, the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Galvez, Manuel
- novelist and biographer, whose documentation of a wide range of social ills in Argentina in the first half of the 20th century earned him an important position in modern Spanish ...
- Galvez, Maria Rosa
- (from the article "Spanish literature") ...costumbrista comedies. While some women wrote for small private audiences (convents and literary salons), others wrote for the public stage: Margarita Hickey and Maria Rosa Galvez were both quite successful, ...
- Galvez, Mariano
- (from the article "Central America") ...candidate Jose Cecilio del Valle defeated Morazan, but he died before taking office, leaving Morazan as president. In Guatemala, opposition to the liberal policies of Gov. Mariano Galvez, including anticlericalism, ...
- Galvezia speciosa
- (from the article "snapdragon") Snapdragons are popular garden plants, and many horticultural varieties exist. Galvezia speciosa, a related plant, is also called snapdragon.
- Galvus
- (from the article "Health and Disease") ...lowered liver glucose production. Based on clinical trials, Januvia was less likely than other oral antidiabetes drugs to cause weight gain or severe drops in blood sugar. Another drug in ...
- Galway
- county in the province of Connaught (Connacht), western Ireland. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean (west) and by Counties Mayo (north), Roscommon (north and east), Offaly (east), Tipperary (southeast), ...
- Galway
- seaport and county town (seat) of County Galway, western Ireland, located on the northern shore of Galway Bay.
- Galway Theatre
- (from the article "MacLiammoir, Micheal") ...Ibsen, Anton Chekhov, Eugene O'Neill, and Arthur Miller and called attention to such new Irish dramatists as Denis Johnston and T.C. Murray. Also with Edwards, MacLiammoir organized the Galway Theatre ...
- Galway, Henri de Massue, Marquis de Ruvigny et Raineval
- French soldier who became a trusted servant of the British king William III.
- Gama, Basilio da
- neoclassical poet and author of the Brazilian epic poem O Uraguai (1769), an account of the Portuguese-Spanish expedition against the Jesuit-controlled reservation Indians of the Uruguay River basin.
- Gama, Estevao da
- (from the article "Gama, Vasco da") Da Gama was the third son of Estevao da Gama, a minor provincial nobleman who was commander of the fortress of Sines on the coast of Alentejo province in southwestern ...
- Gama, Vasco da
- Portuguese navigator whose voyages to India (1497-99, 1502-03, 1524) opened up the sea route from western Europe to the East by way of the Cape of Good Hope. [15 Related Articles]
- Gamagori
- city, southern Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan, facing Mikawa Bay. The city has been well known for the manufacture of cotton textiles since the Edo (Tokugawa) ...
- gamakas
- (from the article "percussion instrument") ...cups do not contain water. But the jaltarang, also South Asian, makes use of water for fine tuning and for the playing of gamakas ...
- Gamaliel I
- a tanna, one of a select group of Palestinian masters of the Jewish Oral Law, and a teacher twice mentioned in the New Testament. [1 Related Articles]
- Gamaliel II
- nasi (president) of the Sanhedrin, at that time the supreme Jewish legislative body, in Jabneh, whose greatest achievement was the unification of the important Jewish laws and rituals in a ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gamaliel III
- eldest son of Judah ha-Nasi, and the renowned editor of the Mishna (the basic compilation of Jewish oral law).
- Gamarra, Agustin, General
- (from the article "Bolivia") ...Santa Cruz temporarily reorganized state finances in an effort to repair the war-torn economy, and he pursued policies of territorial expansion. In the 1830s he overthrew the Lima regime of ...
- Gamarra, Jose
- (from the article "Latin American art") ...("sacred conversation of the saints"), and their faces are de-emphasized by blurring and shading. His lush tropical forests, pressing in upon the viewer, recall paintings by Jose Gamarra, a slightly ...
- Gamarra, Pierre
- (from the article "children's literature") Children's verse has at least one delightful practitioner in Pierre Gamarra. His Mandarine et le Mandarin contains Fontainesque fables of notable drollery and high technical skill. The Belgian author Maurice ...
- Gambaga
- (from the article "Gambaga Scarp") ...the elevation (1,000-1,500 feet [300-460 m]), the climate is relatively cool and moist, allowing cultivation of grains and yams and stock raising. The only sizable town on the plateau is ...
- Gambaga Scarp
- line of cliffs along the Volta River basin, northeastern Ghana, western Africa. The scarp forms the elevated northern boundary of the Volta River basin and the eastern section of the ...
- gambang
- (from the article "xylophone") ...act as a resonating chamber. Most often the wooden bars may be set on insulating material and pinned in place along two edges of a resonator box or suspended above ...
- Gambel's quail
- (from the article "quail") ...quail include two important game birds introduced widely elsewhere: the California, or valley, quail (Callipepla californica; see photograph) and Gambel's, or desert, quail (Lophortyx gambelii). Both species have a head ...
- Gambela
- (from the article "Ethiopia") Domestically, preparation for parliamentary elections scheduled for May 2005 began with the training of election officers and voter-education programs. Clashes in the Gambela region of western Ethiopia between the Anyuak ...
- Gamberaia, Villa
- (from the article "garden and landscape design") ...and is due not only to the date they were made, the exigencies of the site, and regional variation but also to their social function. The scale of the garden ...
- gambeson
- (from the article "military technology") ...closer-fitting, extending downward from the middle of the upper arm to the wrist; at the same time, the hem of the byrnie dropped from just above to just below the ...
- Gambetta, Leon
- French republican statesman who helped direct the defense of France during the Franco-German War of 1870-71. In helping to found the Third Republic, he made three essential contributions: first, by ... [4 Related Articles]
- Gambia Daily, The
- (from the article "Gambia, The") The Gambia Daily is published by the government. There are also privately owned publications, such as The Daily Express, Foroyaa ("Freedom"),
- Gambia People's Party
- (from the article "Gambia, The") ...the 1994 coup. Since 1996 the Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction has been the dominant party. In addition to the PPP, which remains active, other opposition parties include the ...
- Gambia Produce Marketing Board
- (from the article "Gambia, The") The most significant industry in the country is peanut processing. The crop is sold to agents of The Gambia Groundnut Corporation (until 1993 known as the Gambia Produce Marketing Board), ...
- Gambia River
- river in western Africa, 700 miles (1,120 km) long, rising in the Republic of Guinea and flowing westward through The Gambia into the Atlantic Ocean. Its major tributaries are the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gambia, flag of The
- national flag consisting of horizontal stripes of red, blue, and green separated by two thinner stripes of white. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 2 to 3.
- Gambia, The
- country in western Africa situated on the Atlantic coast and surrounded by the neighbouring country of Senegal. It occupies a long narrow strip of land that surrounds the Gambia River. ... [21 Related Articles]
- Gambia, The, history of
- (from the article "Gambia, The") HistoryBritish colonial rulewestern Africa, history ofBritish territoriesEach of the four British colonies must necessarily be treated as an independent unit, ...
- Gambia, University of The
- (from the article "Gambia, The") ...level is free but not compulsory. There are secondary and postsecondary schools, including a teacher-training college at Brikama. The government established the country's first university, the University of The Gambia, ...
- Gambian Wolof language
- (from the article "Wolof language") an Atlantic language of the Niger-Congo language family genetically related to Fula and Serer. There are two main variants of Wolof: Senegal Wolof, which is the standard form of the ...
- gambier
- (from the article "Rubiaceae") ...include quinine, which is derived from the bark of Cinchona species; coffee, from the seeds of Coffea species; ipecac, obtained from the roots of Psychotria ipecacuanha; and gambier, a substance ...
- Gambier Islands
- southeasternmost extension of the Tuamotu Archipelago of French Polynesia in the central South Pacific, nearly 1,000 miles (1,600 km) east-southeast of Tahiti. The islands are just north of the Tropic ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gambier, James
- (from the article "Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of") ...elected member of Parliament. He led a hazardous fireship attack on the French fleet in the Aix roads in April 1809, but the fruits of his courage were thrown away ...
- Gambier, Mount
- (from the article "Mount Gambier") city, southeastern South Australia. It is situated about 280 miles (450 km) southeast of Adelaide, with which it is connected by road and air. It lies at the foot of ...
- Gambino, Carlo
- head of one of the Five Families of organized crime in New York City from 1957 to 1976, with major interests in Brooklyn, and reputedly the "boss of bosses" of ... [1 Related Articles]
- gambit
- (from the article "chess") There followed a proliferation of speculative pawn sacrifices in the opening, called gambits, in order to achieve rapid mobilization and open lines for an attack. Checkmating attacks, often with startling ...
- Gamble, James
- (from the article "Procter, William Cooper") The soapmaking firm of Procter & Gamble was founded in Cincinnati by Procter's grandfather, William Procter, a candlemaker, who joined with James Gamble, an Irish soapmaker, in 1837. The company ...
- Gamble, Kenny
- (from the article "Pickett, Wilson") ...Land of 1000 Dances (1966), Mustang Sally (1966), Funky Broadway (1967)-Pickett was successfully produced by Philadelphians Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, who took a ...
- gambler's ruin
- (from the article "probability theory") An application of the law of total probability to a problem originally posed by Christiaan Huygens is to find the probability of "gambler's ruin." Suppose two players, often called Peter ...
- Gamblian Pluvial Stage
- (from the article "Africa") During the Gamblian, or Fourth, Pluvial, which occurred from approximately 30,000 to 15,000 years ago, three distinct humid phases are separated by drier intervals. During these phases the dimensions of ...
- gambling
- the betting or staking of something of value, with consciousness of risk and hope of gain, on the outcome of a game, a contest, or an uncertain event whose result ... [26 Related Articles]
- Gamboa
- town, Balboa district, (Panama) Canal Zone, at the end of Gatun Lake on the Panama Railroad, 16 miles (26 km) north of Panama City. It is headquarters of all dredging ...
- Gamboa, Pedro de
- (from the article "map") ...have used star charts painted on elk skin to guide them on night marches across the plains. Montezuma is said to have given Cortes a map of the whole Mexican ...
- Gamboa, Santiago
- (from the article "Literature") ...consort. The professor locks up Lucia after having his way with her, which thus duplicates the destiny of Queen Joan. During the year the young and successful Colombian writer Santiago ...
- gamboge
- hard, brittle gum resin that is obtained from various Southeast Asian trees of the genus Garcinia and is used as a colour vehicle and in medicine. Gamboge is orange to ...
- Gambon, Michael
- (from the article "Performing Arts") The Beckett centenary was celebrated in the West End by Michael Gambon acting without words for half an hour opposite the recorded accusatory voice of Penelope Wilton in Eh Joe. ...
- gambrel
- (from the article "roof") ...It was commonly used in Italy and elsewhere in southern Europe and is now a very common form in American houses. Gable and hip roofs can also be used for ...
- Gambrill, Charles D.
- (from the article "Richardson, Henry Hobson") Richardson lived and worked in New York City for the next eight years, forming in 1867 a partnership with the architect Charles D. Gambrill that lasted 11 years but was ...
- Gamburtsev Mountains
- subglacial range in the central part of eastern Antarctica, extending 750-800 miles (1,200-1,300 km). The mountains attain their greatest height at 11,120 feet (3,390 m). Completely buried under more than ... [1 Related Articles]
- game
- in gastronomy, the flesh of any wild animal or bird. Game is usually classified according to three categories: (1) small birds, such as the thrush and quail; (2) game proper, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Game Boy
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Nintendo introduced a dual-screen version of its Game Boy for the holiday selling season, and Sony promised to introduce its PlayStation Portable in early 2005. Nintendo had long controlled the ...
- game law
- (from the article "falconry") ...and the placing of many of the traditional prey species on the protected list had a profound effect on the sport after World War II. All British birds of prey ...
- game management
- (from the article "hunting") In the second half of the 20th century with species extinction being a concern of conservationists, hunting was no longer feasible in some places.California condor
- game theory
- branch of applied mathematics that provides tools for analyzing situations in which parties, called players, make decisions that are interdependent. This interdependence causes each player to consider the other player's ... [14 Related Articles]
- gamelan
- the indigenous orchestra type of Java and Bali, consisting largely of several varieties of gongs and various sets of tuned metal instruments that are struck with mallets. The gongs are ... [12 Related Articles]
- Gamelin, Maurice
- French army commander in chief at the beginning of World War II who proved unable to stop the German assault on France (May 1940) that led to the French collapse ... [1 Related Articles]
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