Chinese emigre novelist, playwright, and critic who in 2000 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature "for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity." He was also ...
the title accorded to the Jewish spiritual leaders and scholars who headed Talmudic academies that flourished, with lengthy interruptions, from the 7th to the 13th century in Babylonia and Palestine. ...
town and administrative capital of Gaoual region, northwestern Guinea, West Africa, on the Fouta Djallon plateau. It lies at the point where the Koumba and Nomo rivers join to form ...
town, capital of the Hautes-Alpes departement, Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur region, southeastern France, south-southeast of Grenoble. Situated at an altitude of 2,406 ft (733 m) in a valley on the right bank of ...
(Tresus nuttallii and Tresus capax), either of two species of bivalve mollusks of the family Mactridae. These clams live in sand and mud flats along the coast of western North ...
women's world chess champion from 1962 to 1978. A strong attacking player, Gaprindashvili won the title from Elizaveta Bykova of the Soviet Union in 1962 by a crushing score of ...
any of several large North or Middle American fishes of the genus Lepisosteus, in the family Lepisosteidae. Gars, which are related to the bowfin in the superorder Holostei, are confined ...
dance form popular at festival times in Gujarat, India. It is a simple, joyful dance, based on a circular pattern and characterized by a sweeping action from side to side ...
national park located in the centre of Gomera, one of the Canary Islands, Spain. The park, created in 1980, occupies 15 square miles (40 square km) and encompasses the peak ...
large natural area in northeastern Congo (Kinshasa), bordering on The Sudan. The park, created in 1938, has an area of 1,900 square miles (4,920 square km) and is a continuation ...
semiautomatic, gas-operated .30-calibre rifle adopted by the U.S. Army in 1936. It was developed by John C. Garand, a civilian engineer employed at the Springfield Armory, Springfield, Mass. The Garand ...
city, eastern Pernambuco estado ("state"), northeastern Brazil. The city lies in the Serra Garanhuns, at 2,841 feet (866 m) above sea level. It was elevated to city status in 1874. ...
archbishop of York and ecclesiastical writer who promoted a social conscience among the membership of the Church of England by his reports on the human misery in the areas he ...
one of the most glamorous and popular motion-picture stars of the 1920s and '30s who is best known for her portrayals of strong-willed heroines, most of them as compellingly enigmatic ...
novelist, poet, playwright, and essayist, one of the first great writers to show the literary possibilities of Nynorsk, a language that many writers wished to establish in place of the ...
Spanish Franciscan missionary-explorer, who from 1768 to 1775 explored, alone and with Juan Bautista de Anza, commandant of the presidio at Tubac (now in Arizona, U.S.), the Gila and Colorado ...
self-styled king or chief of the Navarrese, centred in Pamplona. He is partly legendary, perhaps originally a count and vassal of Asturias, and is said to have reconquered many towns ...
dramatist whose play El trovador (1836; "The Troubadour") was the most popular and successful drama of the Romantic period in Spain. It formed the basis for the Italian composer Giuseppe ...
king of Pamplona (Navarre) from 925 to 970, son of Sancho I Garces and Queen Toda Aznar. He owed his throne to the support of his cousin 'Abd ar-Rahman III, ...
king of Galicia from 1065 to 1071. His father, Ferdinand I the Great, divided his lands among his three sons: Alfonso VI received Leon; Sancho II received Castile; and Garcia ...
king of Pamplona (Navarre) and of Aragon from about 994 to about 1000, son of Sancho II Garces. Coming to the aid of besieged Castile, Garcia fought against the Muslim ...
king of Pamplona (Navarre) from 1035 to 1054. Following an old custom, Sancho III the Great divided his Spanish lands among his four sons: Ferdinand I received Castile; Gonzalo received ...
Spanish poet and playwright who, in a career that spanned just 19 years, resurrected and revitalized the most basic strains of Spanish poetry and theatre. He is known primarily for ...
Colombian novelist and one of the greatest writers of the 20th century, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982 (see Nobel Lecture: "The Solitude of Latin America"), ...
initiator of a church-oriented dictatorship in Ecuador (1861-75). His rule, oppressive but often effective in its reformist aims, eventually cost him his life.
fourth president of the Republic of the Philippines. After graduating from law school in 1923, he became, successively, a schoolteacher, representative in the Philippine Congress, governor of his province (Bohol), ...
one of the great Spanish chroniclers of the 16th century, noted as the author of distinguished works on the history of the Indians in South America and the expeditions of ...
genus in the family Clusiaceae, with about 200 species of tropical trees found in Asia and Australia. The best known of these species is a tropical fruit, the mangosteen (q.v.; ...
(French: "Bridge of the Gard"), giant bridge-aqueduct, a notable ancient Roman engineering work constructed about 19 BC to carry water to the city of Nimes over the Gard River in ...
the largest (area 143 square miles [370 square km]) of the Italian lakes, bordering Lombardy (southwest and west), Veneto (east and southeast), and Trentino-Alto Adige (north). It is surpassed in ...
the development and decorative planting of gardens, yards, grounds, parks, and other types of areas. Gardening and landscape design is used to enhance the settings for buildings and public areas ...
floor covering designed as a Persian garden seen from directly above. The design consists of a central watercourse, with tributary canals of various sizes, interrupted by islands or by ponds ...
residential village, town (township) of Hempstead, Nassau county, New York, U.S. It is located on western Long Island. One of the nation's first planned communities, it was the aspiration of ...
city, seat (1883) of Finney county, southwestern Kansas, U.S. It lies on the Arkansas River. Founded in 1878, it acquired its name through the suggestion of a visitor who admired ...
the ideal of a planned residential community, as devised by the English town planner Ebenezer Howard (q.v.) and promoted by him in Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform (1898). ...
(Lepidium sativum), North African annual herb, of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), often cultivated as a salad plant for the peppery basal leaves of the young plants. Some varieties have golden ...
city, Orange county, southern California, U.S. Adjacent to the cities of Santa Ana (southeast) and Anaheim (northeast), Garden Grove is 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Los Angeles. The area ...
Australian island in the Indian Ocean, just off the southwest coast of Western Australia, 30 mi (48 km) southwest of Perth. With Green and Penguin islands, it shelters Cockburn Sound ...
(Araneus diadematus) member of the family Araneidae (suborder Labidognatha), characterized by white marks arranged in the form of a cross on the abdomen. A fairly common species, the garden spider ...
genus of ornamental shrubs and trees of the madder family (Rubiaceae), containing about 200 species native to tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. Gardenias have white or yellow tubular flowers, ...
town, eastern Afghanistan, located on a high plain at an elevation of 7,550 feet (2,300 m), near the Jolgeh-ye Janubi River. Gardeyz is a trade centre for lumber produced in ...
city, Kennebec county, southwestern Maine, U.S., on the Kennebec River (head of navigation) just south of Augusta and bounding the towns of Farmingdale, West Gardiner, and Richmond. Founded in 1754 ...
English bishop and statesman, a leading exponent of conservatism in the first generation of the English Reformation. Although he supported the antipapal policies of King Henry VIII (ruled 1509-47), Gardiner ...
home and art collection, located in Fenway Court, Boston, Mass., U.S. The building, designed in the style of a 15th-century Venetian palace and built between 1899 and 1903, houses a ...
American author and lawyer who wrote nearly 100 detective and mystery novels that sold more than 1,000,000 copies each, making him easily the best-selling American writer of his time. His ...
eclectic American socialite and art collector, a patron of many arts, remembered largely for the distinctive collection of European and Asian artworks that she assembled in Boston.
20th president of the United States (March 4-September 19, 1881), who had the second shortest tenure in presidential history. When he was shot and incapacitated, serious constitutional questions arose concerning ...
American first lady (March 4-September 19, 1881), the wife of James A. Garfield, 20th president of the United States. Although first lady for only a few months, she was one ...
mountainous promontory jutting into the Adriatic Sea from the east coast of Italy, in Foggia province, Puglia (Apulia) region. Called the "spur" of the Italian "boot" (peninsula), it is 40 ...
cave in the French Pyrenees that contains important examples of Late Paleolithic mural art, paintings, and engravings, most of them probably dating from the Gravettian Period (about 27,000 to 22,000 ...
in architecture, waterspout designed to drain water from the parapet gutter. Originally the term referred only to the carved lions of classical cornices or to terra-cotta spouts, such as those ...
