German surgeon who helped to create modern plastic surgery. A superintendent of German military hospitals during the Napoleonic Wars (1800-15), he also served as professor of surgery and director of ...
a form of visual communication, usually illegal, involving the unauthorized marking of public space by an individual or group. Although the common image of graffiti is a stylistic symbol or ...
any casual writing, rude drawing, or marking on the walls of buildings, as distinguished from a deliberate writing known as an inscription. Graffiti, either scratched on stone or plaster by ...
Swedish figure skater who won three Olympic gold medals and one silver medal. Considered one of the best skaters of compulsory figures, he was drawn to the sport's artistic precision ...
city, seat (1878) of Taylor county, northern West Virginia, U.S., on the Tygart Valley River, north of Tygart Lake. Settled in 1852 by construction crews of the Baltimore and Ohio ...
city and port, northeastern New South Wales, eastern Australia. It is located 42 miles (68 km) from the mouth of the Clarence River (and its Pacific outport of Yamba), in ...
county, western New Hampshire, U.S. It is bounded to the west by Vermont (the Connecticut River constituting the entire border) and consists of a mountainous region, with the White Mountains ...
the second illegitimate son of Charles II of England by Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland. After some initial hesitation he was officially recognized and became "the most popular and most ...
American evangelist whose large-scale preaching tours, known as crusades, and friendship with numerous U.S. presidents brought him to international prominence.
Scottish-American educator and philanthropist who was principal in founding one of the earliest relief societies in the United States to provide assistance to the poor.
influential American dancer, teacher, and choreographer of modern dance, whose ballets and other works were intended to "reveal the inner man." Over more than 50 years she created more than ...
American collegiate and professional gridiron football player and coach best remembered as the quarterback of the Cleveland Browns during a 10-year period in which they won 105 games, lost 17, ...
British politician, confidant and adviser of prime minister Sir Robert Peel, and the leading Peelite in the House of Commons after Peel's death (1850).
American clergyman whose advocacy of a health regimen emphasizing temperance and vegetarianism found lasting expression in the graham cracker, a household commodity in which lay the origin of the modern ...
author of The Wind in the Willows (1908), one of the English classics of children's literature. Its animal characters-principally Mole, Rat, Badger, and Toad-combine captivating human traits with authentic animal ...
city, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The city lies on the wooded slopes of the Suur Mountains near the source of the Kowie River. It was founded (1812) by Colonel ...
northern segment of the Western Alps along the French-Italian border, bounded by Mont Cenis and the Cottian Alps (southwest), the Isere and Arc valleys (west), the Little St. Bernard Pass ...
object of legendary quest for the knights of Arthurian romance. The term evidently denoted a wide-mouthed or shallow vessel, though its precise etymology remains uncertain. The legend of the Grail ...
vassal in Gascony under King Edward III of England and his son Edward, the Black Prince. Viewed as the ideal of 14th-century chivalry, Jean was extolled by the contemporary chronicler ...
unit of weight equal to 0.065 gram, or 17,000 pound avoirdupois. One of the earliest units of common measure and the smallest, it is a uniform unit in the avoirdupois, ...
in metallurgy, any of the crystallites (small crystals or grains) of varying, randomly distributed, small sizes that compose a solid metal. Randomly oriented, the grains contact each other at surfaces ...
section of the western coast of the Gulf of Guinea, in Africa, extending approximately from Cape Mesurado to Cape Palmas-in present-day Liberia-on either side of the Cestos (Cess) River. It ...
machine for planting seed at a controlled depth and in specified amounts. The earliest known version, invented in Mesopotamia by 2000 BC, consisted of a wooden plow equipped with a ...
storage building for grain, usually a tall frame, metal, or concrete structure with a compartmented interior; also, the device for loading grain into a building. Early elevators were powered by ...
(species Sitophilus granarius), insect of the family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera), a common pest of stored grain. This small brown weevil is about 3 to 4 mm (0.1 inch) long. The ...
pungent seeds of Aframomum melegueta, a reedlike plant of the family Zingiberaceae. Grains of paradise have long been used as a spice and traditionally as a medicine. The wine known ...
bird family (order Passeriformes) that includes the mudlark, apostle bird, and white-winged chough. The four species, generally restricted to Australia and New Zealand, are 19 to 50 cm (7.5 to ...
unit of mass or weight that is used especially in the centimetre-gram-second system of measurement (see the International System of Units). One gram is equal to 0.001 kg. The gram ...
a widely used microbiological staining technique that greatly aids in the identification and characterization of bacteria. It was devised by a Danish physician, Hans Christian Gram, in 1884. The Gram ...
(genus Bouteloua), any of about 50 species of annual or perennial forage grasses constituting a group within the family Poaceae, and native mostly to North America, with a few species ...
(Sanskrit: "village deity"), type of folk deity widely worshiped in rural India. The gramadevatas, often female figures, may have originated as agricultural deities; in South India and elsewhere they continue ...
public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Grambling, Louisiana, U.S. A historically African-American university, it comprises colleges of basic studies, business, education, liberal arts, and science and technology and the ...
Bangladeshi bank founded by economist Muhammad Yunus as a means of providing small loans to poor individuals (see microcredit). The Grameen model, devised by Yunus in 1976, is based on ...
rules of a language governing the sounds, words, sentences, and other elements, as well as their combination and interpretation. The word grammar also denotes the study of these abstract features ...
in Great Britain, secondary school that offers an academic course in preparation for university entrance and for the professions. Students usually begin attendance at age 12.
French electrical engineer and inventor (1869) of the Gramme dynamo, a continuous-current electrical generator that gave principal impetus to the development of electric power. Though the Gramme dynamo is occasionally ...
any of a series of awards presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (NARAS; commonly called the Recording Academy) to recognize achievement ...
(duke of) French diplomat and statesman whose belligerent attitudes as foreign minister in 1870 helped push France, then diplomatically isolated and militarily unprepared, into a disastrous war with Prussia.
mountains in the Highlands of Scotland. They derive their name from the Mons Graupius of the Roman historian Tacitus, the undetermined site of the battle in which the Roman general ...
mountain range extending southwest from the Great Dividing Range, southwest central Victoria, Australia. Composed mainly of hard sandstone, they are noted for deep gorges, fantastic weathered rock formations, and wildflowers. ...
a common offshore inhabitant of tropical and temperate ocean waters, a member of the dolphin family (Delphinidae). The grampus measures about 4 metres (approximately 13 feet) in length and has ...
island, Las Palmas provincia (province), Spain, one of the Canary Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has an area of 592 square miles (1,533 square km). ...
short-lived republic (1819-30), formerly the Viceroyalty of New Granada, including roughly the modern nations of Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador. In the context of their war for independence from Spain, ...
highest mountain, 13,323 ft (4,061 m), entirely within Italy and the culminating point of the Graian Alps (q.v.). The peak lies within a popular Alpine resort area and is the ...
park in northwestern Italy, established in 1836 as a hunting zone; in 1856 it became the Royal Hunting Reserve of the Gran Paradiso, and by a law passed in August ...
mountain group, Abruzzi geographic region, central Italy, extending for about 22 mi (35 km) in a west-northwest-east-southeast direction and containing Corno Grande, or Monte (mount) Corno, the highest point (9,554 ...
city, southwestern Nicaragua. It lies at the foot of Mombacho Volcano on the northwestern shore of Lake Nicaragua at 202 feet (62 m) above sea level. Granada was founded in ...
provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Andalusia, southern Spain, on the Mediterranean coast. Its varied landscapes range from the arid zones of the Sierra Nevada in the north ...
kingdom founded early in the 13th century out of the remnants of Almoravid power in Spain by Abu 'Abd Allah ibn Yusuf ibn Nasr al-Ahmar, who became king as Muhammad ...
city, capital of Granada provincia in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Andalusia (Spanish: Andalucia), southern Spain. It lies along the Genil River at the northwestern slope of the Sierra ...
city, Monteregie region, southern Quebec province, Canada, on the Yamaska Nord River. It is named after a village in Nottinghamshire, Eng. From its origins as a small woolen-milling town in ...
(1689-97), the third major war of Louis XIV of France, in which his expansionist plans were blocked by an alliance led by England, the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and ...
patriotic organization of American Civil War veterans who served in the Union forces, one of its purposes being the "defense of the late soldiery of the United States, morally, socially, ...
island, The Bahamas, lying just west of Great Abaco Island in the Atlantic Ocean and 60 miles (100 km) east of West Palm Beach, Florida, U.S. The island's economy is ...
portion of the North American continental shelf in the Atlantic Ocean, lying southeast and south of Newfoundland, Can. Noted as an international fishing ground, the banks extend for 350 miles ...
series of waterways in North China that link Hang-chou in Chekiang province with Peking. Some 1,085 miles (1,747 km) in length, it is the world's longest man-made waterway, though not ...
main waterway of Venice, Italy, following a natural channel that traces a reverse S-course from St. Mark's Basilica to Santa Chiara Church and divides the city into two parts. Slightly ...
waterway along the Rhine River, in eastern France, begun in 1932 and completed after World War II. The canal is 30 miles (50 km) long and runs between Basel, Switz., ...
