| | - gigue
- popular Baroque dance that originated in the British Isles and became widespread in aristocratic circles of Europe; also a medieval name for a bowed string instrument, from which the modern ... [2 Related Articles]
- Giguere, Roland
- (from the article "Canadian literature") ...(1948; Total Refusal). Poet and playwright Claude Gauvreau, one of the signatories of the manifesto, transposed the group's principles to the written word, while poet and engraver Roland Giguere began ...
- Gijon
- city, Asturias provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain. It is located on the Bay of Biscay at the foot of Santa ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gijsen, Marnix
- (from the article "Belgian literature") ...and Het pact der triumviren ("The Pact of the Triumvirate")-combine stylistic sophistication with a cool intellectualism. Both Brulez and the disenchanted humanist Marnix Gijsen, who produced his best work in ...
- Gikatilla, Joseph
- major Spanish Kabbalist whose writings influenced those of Moses de Leon, presumed author of the Zohar ("Book of Splendour"), an important work of Jewish mysticism. Gikatilla's early studies of philosophy ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gil de Hontanon, Juan
- celebrated Spanish architect who was maestro mayor (official architect) of the Segovia cathedral and who designed in a late medieval style.
- Gil de Hontanon, Rodrigo
- celebrated Spanish architect who is perhaps best known for his treatise on architecture. He also designed several notable buildings in the Spanish style known as Plateresque. [1 Related Articles]
- Gil Robles, Jose Maria
- Catholic politician and leader during the Second Spanish Republic (1931-36). [1 Related Articles]
- Gil y Carrasco, Enrique
- (from the article "Spanish literature") ...major honours, Spanish Romanticism also produced many novels-but none that rivaled those of Scottish contemporary Sir Walter Scott. The best, El Senor de Bembibre (1844) by Enrique Gil y Carrasco, ...
- Gil, Gilberto
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...music and taking note of the rock music revolution in the United States and Britain, these musicians encountered the opposition of the military rulers then in power in Brazil. Caetano ...
- Gila Bend
- town, Maricopa county, southwestern Arizona, U.S., 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Phoenix. The Gila River makes a sweeping 90° bend westward at this point, hence the name. The city ...
- Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument
- archaeological site in southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Gila National Forest near the headwaters of the Gila River. The name Gila is derived from the Yuma Indian term hahquahssael, ...
- Gila monster
- one of two species of North American venomous lizards in the genus Heloderma of the family Helodermatidae. The Gila monster (H. suspectum) was named ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gila National Forest
- (from the article "Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument") archaeological site in southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Gila National Forest near the headwaters of the Gila River. The name Gila is derived from the Yuma Indian term hahquahssael, ...
- Gila River
- river rising in southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Elk Mountains, near the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument. The river, draining 58,100 sq mi (150,500 sq km), flows 630 mi ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gila, Miguel
- Spanish comedian and film director (b. March 12, 1919, Madrid, Spain-d. July 13, 2001, Barcelona, Spain), skewered the dictatorship of Gen. Francisco Franco with mordant, low-key satire, notably in a ...
- Gilan
- ostan (province), northwestern Iran, bounded by the Caspian Sea on the north, Azerbaijan on the northeast, Azarbaijan-e Sharqi ostan on the west, Zanjan ostan on the southwest, Markazi (Tehran) ostan ...
- Gilan-Mazanderan Lowland
- (from the article "Caspian Sea") ...and Aras rivers forms the Kura-Aras Lowland along the western shore of the southern Caspian. The southwestern and southern Caspian shores are formed of the sediments of the Lankaran and ...
- Gilbert
- (from the article "Jamaica") ...despite the boost it received from low prices on oil imports. In 1986 the PNP won most local elections, perhaps signaling that the electorate disapproved of Seaga's policies. In September ...
- Gilbert & George
- British collaborative team made up of Gilbert Proesch (b. Sept. 17, 1943, Dolomites, Italy) , and George Passmore (b. Jan. 8, 1942, Plymouth, Devon, Eng., ), whose dynamic and often ...
- Gilbert Crispin
- English cleric, biblical exegete, and proponent of the thought of St. Anselm of Canterbury.
- Gilbert disease
- (from the article "digestive system disease") ...enzyme systems are not fully developed. This disorder is self-limited, may require occasional exposures to blue light, and usually disappears within the first two weeks of extrauterine life. Gilbert disease, ...
- Gilbert Foliot
- Anglo-Norman Cluniac monk who became bishop of Hereford and later of London; he was an unsuccessful rival of Thomas Becket for the archbishopric of Canterbury and afterward was Becket's opponent ...
- Gilbert Islands
- group of 16 coral islands and atolls, part of Kiribati, in the west-central Pacific Ocean 2,800 miles (4,500 km) northeast of Australia. The low-lying islands-Makin, Butaritari, Marakei, Abaiang, Tarawa, Maiana, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gilbert Library and Prisoners' Aid Society
- (from the article "Gilbert, Linda") ...attached to her undertakings. Her Sketch of the Life and Work of Linda Gilbert (1876), published in the hope of attracting a permanent endowment for her work, made inflated claims. ...
- Gilbert of Sempringham, Saint
- English priest, prelate, and founder of the Ordo Gilbertinorum Canonicorum or Ordo Sempringensis (Order of Gilbertine Canons, or Sempringham Order), commonly called Gilbertines, the only medieval religious order of English ...
- Gilbert, Anne Jane Hartley
- American dancer and actress, popular on the 19th-century stage for her character roles.
- Gilbert, Cass
- architect, designer of the Woolworth Building (1908-13) in New York City and of the United States Supreme Court Building (completed 1935), Washington, D.C. Conscientious and prosperous but not especially original, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gilbert, Ellen
- (from the article "chess") Women also gained distinction in postal and problem chess during this period. An American woman, Ellen Gilbert, defeated a strong English amateur, George Gossip, twice in an international correspondence match ...
- Gilbert, Felix
- (from the article "Europe, history of") The History of Italy has rightly been called a tragedy by the American historian Felix Gilbert, for it demonstrates how, out of stupidity and weakness, people make mistakes that gradually ...
- Gilbert, Goldsmith C.
- (from the article "Muncie") ...S. and Helen M. Lynd. The name (shortened in 1845 from Munseetown or Munsey Town) commemorates the Munsee (Wolf) clan of Delaware Indians who once lived there. The town was ...
- Gilbert, Grove Karl
- U.S. geologist, one of the founders of modern geomorphology, the study of landforms. He first recognized the applicability of the concept of dynamic equilibrium in landform configuration and evolution-namely, that ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gilbert, John
- romantic leading man of the silent era, known as the "Great Lover." In retrospect, his acting career has been overshadowed by his identification as the tragic star who failed to ...
- Gilbert, Linda
- American welfare worker whose efforts to provide library and other services to prison inmates met with limited success.
- Gilbert, Michael Francis
- British crime novelist and attorney (b. July 17, 1912, Billinghay, Lincolnshire, Eng.-d. Feb. 8, 2006, Luddesdown, Kent, Eng.), entertained readers for almost 60 years with his espionage thrillers, detective stories, ...
- Gilbert, Odile
- (from the article "Fashions") ...delivered an impressive performance as Miranda Priestly, a fashion magazine editor inspired by Vogue's Anna Wintour in the hit screen adaptation of The Devil Wears Prada. In July Odile Gilbert-famed ...
- Gilbert, Rufus Henry
- U.S. surgeon and transit expert who played a major role in the development of rapid transit in New York City.
- Gilbert, Sir Alfred
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...centuries. In England, Alfred Stevens, inspired by the versatility of the Italian Renaissance, was happy to devote himself to the design of cutlery and fire grates, and, at the end ...
- Gilbert, Sir Henry
- English chemist whose most important contribution was his study of nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on crops. [1 Related Articles]
- Gilbert, Sir Humphrey
- English soldier and navigator who devised daring and farseeing projects of overseas colonization. Although he was brilliant and creative, his poor leadership was responsible for his failure to establish the ... [5 Related Articles]
- Gilbert, Sir John
- English Romantic painter and illustrator of literary classics, especially remembered for his woodcut illustrations for the works of Shakespeare (1858-60) and Scott. He preferred medieval chivalric subjects, and such pictures ...
- Gilbert, Sir W.S.
- English playwright and humorist best known for his collaboration with Sir Arthur Sullivan (q.v.) in comic operas. [6 Related Articles]
- Gilbert, Walter
- American molecular biologist who was awarded a share (with Paul Berg and Frederick Sanger) of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980 for his development of a method for determining ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gilbert, William
- pioneer researcher into magnetism who became the most distinguished man of science in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. [5 Related Articles]
- Gilbertines
- (from the article "Gilbert of Sempringham, Saint") English priest, prelate, and founder of the Ordo Gilbertinorum Canonicorum or Ordo Sempringensis (Order of Gilbertine Canons, or Sempringham Order), commonly called Gilbertines, the only medieval religious order of English ...
- Gilbertiodendron deweverei
- (from the article "Ituri Forest") The climax-forest vegetation left undisturbed by human occupation is characterized by three dominant species of tall, hardwood legumes in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. In the south and west Gilbertiodendron deweverei dominates ...
- Gilberto, Joao
- (from the article "bossa nova") ...1950s from a union of samba (a Brazilian dance and music) and cool jazz. The music is in syncopated 24 time. The composer Antonio Carlos Jobim and the guitarist Joao ...
- Gilbreth, Frank Bunker
- American engineer who, with his wife, Lillian Gilbreth, developed the method of time-and-motion study, as applied to the work habits of industrial employees, to increase their efficiency and hence their ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gilbreth, Frank Bunker, Jr.
- American novelist and journalist (b. March 17, 1911, Plainfield, N.J.-d. Feb. 18, 2001, Charleston, S.C.), drew on his madcap experiences as one of 12 children in a household run by ...
- Gilbreth, Lillian Evelyn
- American psychologist and engineer who, with her husband, Frank Bunker Gilbreth, developed methods to increase the efficiency of industrial employees, most notably time-and-motion study. [3 Related Articles]
- Gilchrist v. Collector of Charleston
- (from the article "Johnson, William") Although Jefferson and Johnson remained friends until the former's death in 1826, Johnson did not always sustain Jeffersonian policy. In Gilchrist v. Collector of Charleston (1808), Johnson, while holding federal ...
- Gilchrist, John Borthwick
- (from the article "Hindustani language") ...Delhi, Meerut, and Saharanpur, it was spread throughout India by the Mughals and merchants. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the language was strongly promoted by an Englishman, ...
- Gilchrist, Percy
- metallurgist who, with his better-known cousin Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, devised in 1876-77 a process (thereafter widely used in Europe) of manufacturing in Bessemer converters a kind of low-phosphorus steel known ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gildas
- British historian of the 6th century. A monk, he founded a monastery in Brittany known after him as St. Gildas de Rhuys. His De excidio et conquestu Britanniae ("The Overthrow ...
- Gilded Age
- period of gross materialism and blatant political corruption in U.S. history during the 1870s that gave rise to important novels of social and political criticism. The period takes its name ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gilder, Jeannette Leonard
- American editor and writer, a prolific and influential figure in popular journalism, particularly in the arts, in the latter half of the 19th century.
- Gildersleeve, Basil Lanneau
- (from the article "textual criticism") ...that the transmitted text (or its variants) are not authentic, he normally has no recourse but to bridge the gap by conjecture. Conjectural emendation has been defined by the American ...
- gilding
- the art of decorating the whole or parts of wood, metal, plaster, glass, or other objects with gold in leaf or powder form. The term also embraces the application of ... [6 Related Articles]
- Gildo
- Moorish potentate who rebelled against Rome in 397-398. [1 Related Articles]
- Gilead
- area of ancient Palestine east of the Jordan River, corresponding to modern northwestern Jordan. The region is bounded in the north by the Yarmuk River and in the southwest by ...
- Gilels, Emil
- Soviet concert pianist admired for his superb technique, tonal control, and disciplined approach.
- Giles of Rome
- Scholastic theologian, philosopher, logician, archbishop, and general and intellectual leader of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine. [2 Related Articles]
- Giles, Carl Ronald
- British cartoonist (b. Sept. 29, 1916, London, England--d. Aug. 27, 1995, Ipswich, Suffolk, England), for some 50 years created cartoons that made political or social statements by showing the impact ...
- Giles, Ernest
- (from the article "Great Victoria Desert") ...reserves. A vast expanse of sand hills, partly fixed by Triodia (Spinifex) grass and salt marshes, it was penetrated (from east to west) in 1875 by a party led by ...
- Giles, H.A.
- English scholar of Chinese language and culture, who helped to popularize the Wade-Giles system for the romanization of the Chinese languages. [2 Related Articles]
- Giles, Harriet E.
- (from the article "Packard, Sophia B.") ...she became preceptor and a teacher at the New Salem Academy in 1855. After a short-lived attempt to operate her own school in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, in partnership with her longtime ...
- Giles, William
- (from the article "Gerry, Elbridge") ...ticket with Madison. In 1813, while presiding over the Senate, Gerry, who along with Madison was in ill health, refused to yield his chair at the close of the legislative ...
- Gilgamesh
- the best known of all ancient Mesopotamian heroes. Numerous tales in the Akkadian language have been told about Gilgamesh, and the whole collection has been described as an odyssey-the odyssey ... [18 Related Articles]
- Gilgit
- town in the Northern Areas of the Pakistani-administered sector of the Kashmir region, in the northern Indian subcontinent. It is situated in the Karakoram Range in a narrow valley on ...
- Gilgit
- (from the article "Indus River") The Shigar joins the Indus on the right bank near Skardu in Baltistan. The Gilgit, farther down, is another right-bank tributary, joining it at Bunji. Some miles farther downstream, the ...
- gilgul
- (from the article "dybbuk") Isaac Luria (1534-72), a mystic, laid the grounds for Jewish belief in a dybbuk with his doctrine of transmigration of souls (gilgul), which he saw as a means whereby souls ...
- Gilherme Guinle Steel Plant
- (from the article "Volta Redonda") ...Sao Paulo, whose manufacturing industries together use the majority of the iron and steel produced in Brazil. In 1942-46 the government-controlled National Steel Company constructed the Gilherme Guinle Steel Plant ...
- Gilks, Alfred
- (from the article "1951: Other Winners") ...to NoonStory and Screenplay: Alan Jay Lerner for An American in ParisCinematography, Black-and-White: William C. Mellor for A Place in the SunCinematography, Color: John Alton and Alfred Gilks for An ...
- Gilkyson, Tony
- (from the article "X") ...included Dave Alvin (b. Nov. 11, 1955Los Angeles, Calif.) and Tony Gilkyson.
- gill
- in biology, type of respiratory organ found in many aquatic animals, including a number of worms, nearly all mollusks and crustaceans, some insect larvae, all fishes, and a few amphibians. ... [20 Related Articles]
- gill
- in measurement, unit of volume in the British Imperial and United States Customary systems. It is used almost exclusively for the measurement of liquids. Although its capacity has varied with ...
- gill filament
- (from the article "respiration") The gills of fishes are supported by a series of gill arches encased within a chamber formed by bony plates (the operculum). A pair of gill filaments projects from each ...
- gill lamella
- (from the article "bivalve") ...posterior respiratory gills have enlarged and moved to lie lateral to the body as paired folds, or demibranchs. Further increases in surface area have been achieved by folding the platelike ...
- gill net
- (from the article "net") The primary types of net used for fishing are drift nets, surrounding (encircling, or encompassing) nets, and trap nets. Drift nets-which include gill and trammel nets used at the surface ...
- gill pouch
- (from the article "respiration") Among the most primitive of present-day vertebrates are the cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes), the gill structures of which are in the form of pouches that connect internally with the pharynx ...
- Gill Sans Serif
- (from the article "Gill, (Arthur) Eric (Rowton)") Typefaces he designed included Perpetua (1925), Gill Sans Serif (1927), Joanna (1930), and Bunyan, designed in 1934 but recut for machine use and renamed Pilgrim in 1953.revised by Morison
- gill septum
- (from the article "muscle") In bony fishes the gill septum of the hyoid arch is greatly modified to become a single, movable, bony covering for the whole gill chamber-the operculum. The individual gill septa ...
- gill slit
- (from the article "chordate") ...marine animals, either benthic (bottom dwellers) or pelagic (inhabitants of open water), that often form colonies by asexual reproduction. They feed by taking water in through the mouth, using the ...
- Gill, (Arthur) Eric (Rowton)
- British sculptor, engraver, typographic designer, and writer, especially known for his elegantly styled lettering and typefaces and the precise linear simplicity of his bas-reliefs. [1 Related Articles]
- Gill, Andre
- French caricaturist who used a style of enlarged heads dwarfing undersized bodies, often copied by later cartoonists.
- Gill, Brendan
- American critic and writer chiefly known for his work as critic of film, drama, and architecture for The New Yorker. [1 Related Articles]
- Gill, Frank
- (from the article "bird") This classification is a synthesis of current information compiled by American ornithologist Frank Gill (2002).
- Gill, Irving John
- American architect important for introducing a severe, geometric style of architecture in California and for his pioneering work in developing new construction technology.
- Gill, John
- patriot and publisher who was a leading advocate of American colonial independence from Britain. [1 Related Articles]
- Gill, Laura Drake
- American educator, remembered particularly for her role in establishing organized placement assistance for educated women.
- Gill, Sir David
- Scottish astronomer known for his measurements of solar and stellar parallax, showing the distances of the Sun and other stars from Earth, and for his early use of photography in ... [1 Related Articles]
- gill-netter
- (from the article "commercial fishing") Gill nets are used by all sizes of fishing boat up to 20 metres in length. There is no characteristic style, although this type of vessel often uses a steadying ...
- Gillam, Bernhard
- American political cartoonist noted for his influential cartoons associated with the U.S. presidential campaigns of the late 19th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Gillani, Yousaf Raza
- politician who became prime minister of Pakistan in 2008. [1 Related Articles]
- Gillars, Mildred
- American citizen who was a radio propagandist for the Nazi government during World War II.
- Gillen, Francis James
- Australian anthropologist who did pioneering fieldwork among the Aborigines of central Australia. [1 Related Articles]
- Gilles Li Muisis
- French poet and chronicler whose works are important sources for the history of France.
- Gilles of Viterbo
- (from the article "Judaism") ...interested in Jewish mysticism, and several of them acquired a fairly extensive knowledge of it on the basis of authentic texts. Among them were Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-94) and ...
- Gillespie, Dizzy
- American jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader who was one of the seminal figures of the bebop movement. [8 Related Articles]
- Gillespie, George
- leader of the Church of Scotland and polemical writer, who laboured for the autonomy and preservation of his church.
- Gillespie, Mother Angela
- American religious leader who guided her order in dramatically expanding higher education for women by founding numerous institutions throughout the United States.
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