commander in chief of the Cuban revolutionary forces in the unsuccessful Ten Years' War (1868-78) and again in the successful Cuban revolution against Spain some 20 years later.
in zoology, primary reproductive gland that produces reproductive cells (gametes). In males the gonads are called testes; the gonads in females are called ovaries. (see ovary; testis).
capital of L'Artibonite departement, western Haiti, on the northeastern shore of the Golfe de la Gonave (Gulf of Gonaives). Originally an Indian village called Gonaibo, it is now the commercial ...
Romantic poet generally regarded as the national poet of Brazil. His "Song of Exile" (1843), beginning "Minha terra tem palmeiras" ("My land has palm trees"), is known to every Brazilian ...
Portuguese painter recognized as one of the genuine masters of the 15th century. After the discovery in 1882 of his only extant work, the altarpiece for the convent of Sao ...
Russian novelist and travel writer, whose highly esteemed novels dramatize social change in Russia and contain some of Russian literature's most vivid and memorable characters.
innovative Russian painter, sculptor, and stage designer who was important as a founder, with Mikhail Larionov, of Rayonism (c. 1910) and as a designer for the Ballets Russes.
French brothers, writers and constant collaborators who, despite and partly because of neurotic sensibility, contributed solidly to the Naturalistic novel, social history, and art criticism. Above all, they are remembered ...
group of aboriginal peoples (now referred to as scheduled tribes) of central India, about 2 million in number. They live in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, ...
town, eastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies northeast of Lucknow, on a tributary of the Ghaghara River. It is situated at the junction of several roads and rail ...
city, northwestern Ethiopia. It stands at an elevation of 7,500 feet (2,300 metres) on a basaltic ridge from which streams flanking the town flow to Lake Tana, 21 miles (34 ...
French family of Florentine origin, whose diplomats and bankers were prominent in France from the 16th century. The family established itself in France after gaining the confidence and patronage of ...
tapered, 32-foot- (10-metre-) long flat-bottomed boat historically associated with the canals and lagoon of Venice, carrying from two to six passengers. It is propelled from the starboard quarter by a ...
an Indo-Parthian king in the areas of Arachosia, Kabul, and Gandhara (present Afghanistan and Pakistan). Some scholars recognize the name of Gondophernes, through its Armenian form, Gathaspar, in Gaspar, the ...
historic region in central India, comprising portions of Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra states. It is inhabited by the Gond, a group of Dravidian tribes exceeding 3,000,000 in population, ...
hypothetical former supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere, which included South America, Africa, peninsular India, Australia, and Antarctica. The name was coined by the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess in reference to ...
a circular metal plate-like percussion instrument having a turned-down rim. It is struck in the centre with a felt- or leather-covered beater, producing a sound of either definite or indefinite ...
most important artist of the group known as the Eight Masters of Nanjing. He spent most of his life in Nanjing and was regarded by his contemporaries as aloof and ...
in Chinese painting, meticulous brush technique that delimits details very precisely and without independent or expressive variation. It is often highly coloured and usually depicts figural or narrative subjects. The ...
principal tributary of the Benue River, northeastern Nigeria. It rises in several branches (including the Lere and Maijuju rivers) on the eastern slopes of the Jos Plateau and cascades (with ...
one of the most influential Spanish poets of his era. His Baroque, convoluted style, known as Gongorism (gongorismo), was so exaggerated by less gifted imitators that his reputation suffered after ...
one of the best known representatives of the Dialecticians, a Chinese philosophical school of the 3rd and 4th centuries BC whose adherents were concerned with analyzing the true meaning of ...
genus of small marine jellyfish of the hydrozoan order Limnomedusae (phylum Cnidaria). Gonionemus species are bell-shaped and measure about 15 mm (0.6 inch) or more in diameter. From the centre ...
extinct genus of clams found in Silurian to Devonian rocks (the Silurian Period began 438 million years ago and lasted about 30 million years; it was followed by the Devonian, ...
Irish patriot, actress, and feminist, one of the founders of Sinn Fein ("We Ourselves"), and an early member of the theatre movement started by her longtime suitor, W.B. Yeats.
sexually transmitted disease characterized principally by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genital tract and urethra. It is caused by the gonococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae-a bacterium with ...
(d. 1351), parish priest who founded Gonville Hall (1349), since 1557 Gonville and Caius College, at the University of Cambridge. He was the son of William de Gonvile and the ...
genus of dinoflagellates (single-celled aquatic organisms) that inhabit fresh, salt, or brackish water. Members are covered by closely fitting cellulose plates and have two flagella: one extends downward from a ...
Italian dynasty whose heads ruled Mantua from 1328 to 1707 and also Montferrat, with the stronghold of Casale, from 1536 to 1707. Their origins are uncertain, but by the 12th ...
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Spokane, Washington, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church. The university includes the College of Arts and ...
Spanish prelate and diplomat who influenced Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon and was called, even in his own time, "the third king of Spain."
Spanish lawyer and Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol; PSOE) politician who was prime minister of Spain from 1982 to 1996. During his four terms in office, he ...
national mood of the United States from 1815 to 1825, as first described by the Boston Columbian Centinel on July 12, 1817. Although the "era" generally is ...
the Friday before Easter, the day on which Christians annually observe the commemoration of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. From the early days of Christianity, Good Friday was observed as ...
rocky promontory at the southern end of Cape Peninsula, Western Cape province, South Africa. It was first sighted by the Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias in 1488 on his return voyage ...
popular name for the Latin American policy pursued by the administration of the U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt. Suggested by the president's commitment "to the policy of the good neighbor" ...
a Roman Catholic order of religious devoted particularly to the care, rehabilitation, and education of girls and young women who have demonstrated delinquent behaviour. The congregation traces its history to ...
sensational type of broadside ballad (q.v.), popular in England from the 16th through the 19th century, purporting to be the farewell statement of a criminal made shortly before his execution. ...
in American and British metaethics, an approach that tries to establish the validity or objectivity of moral judgments by examining the modes of reasoning used to support them. The approach ...
American zoologist who directed the scientific reorganization and recataloging of the collection at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.
the goodenia family of the bellflower order (Campanulales), containing 14 genera and about 300 species, chiefly native to Australia. Some species are widespread tropical beach shrubs such as Scaevola plumieri ...
one of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands (q.v.), 20 miles (32 km) across Ward Hunt Strait from the eastern tip of New Guinea, in the Solomon Sea, southwestern Pacific. A part of ...
American clarinetist and orchestra leader, called the "King of Swing," a variety of American jazz of the 1930s and early 1940s with fast insistent rhythm, improvisation riding over melody, and ...
historic cattle trail that originated in Young county, western Texas, U.S. The trail ran southwest to connect with the Pecos River and thence up the river valley to Fort Sumner, ...
American pathologist whose method (1931) for cultivating viruses and rickettsia in fertile chicken eggs made possible the production of vaccines for such diseases as smallpox, influenza, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky ...
English astronomer who was the first to notice that some variable stars (stars whose observed light varies noticeably in intensity) were periodic. He also gave the first accurate explanation of ...
Scottish anatomist and investigator in cellular physiology and pathology who insisted on the importance of the cell as the centre of nutrition and declared that the cell is divided into ...
American radio and television producer who helped develop many successful radio and television game shows, including the early television game show What's My Line? (1950-67).
line of shoals trending northeast to southwest for 10 miles (16 km) at the entrance to the Strait of Dover from the North Sea and lying about 6 miles (10 ...
