| | - Gadus
- (from the article "Gadus") fish genus of the family Gadidae, including the individuals and groups known as bib, cod, pollock, and whiting (qq.v.).for more specific content on this topic
- gadwall
- (Anas strepera), small, drably coloured duck of the family Anatidae, a popular game bird. Almost circumpolar in distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, the gadwall breeds above latitude 40° and winters ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gaea
- Greek personification of the Earth as a goddess. Mother and wife of Uranus (Heaven), from whom the Titan Cronus, her last-born child by him, separated her, she was also mother ... [7 Related Articles]
- Gaede, Wolfgang
- (from the article "mass spectrometry") ...with pressures that are routinely four to five orders of magnitude lower than those first used by Thomson, Aston, and Dempster. The invention of the diffusion pump by the German ...
- Gaedel, Ed
- (from the article "Veeck, Bill") ...was sold, and Veeck headed another group that bought the American League St. Louis Browns. In 1951, while still owner of the Browns, Veeck staged his most famous promotion when ...
- Gaekwar Dynasty
- Indian ruling family and title of its head whose capital was at Baroda in Gujarat state. The state became a leading power in the 18th-century Maratha confederacy. [1 Related Articles]
- Gaelic Athletic Association
- (from the article "Dublin") Dublin played a leading role in the cultural renaissance that began in 1884 with the establishment of the Gaelic Athletic Association (Cumann Luthchleas Gael) for the revival of historically Irish ...
- Gaelic football
- Irish version of football (soccer), an offshoot of Britain's medieval melee, in which entire parishes would compete in daylong matches covering miles of countryside. A code of rules slightly restricting ...
- Gaelic League
- (from the article "Hyde, Douglas") ...and first president of the Republic of Ireland (Eire). He was the outstanding figure in the struggle for the preservation and extension of the Irish language from 1893, when he ...
- Gaelic revival
- resurgence of interest in Irish language, literature, history, and folklore inspired by the growing Irish nationalism of the early 19th century. By that time Gaelic had died out as a ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gaels, Society of
- (from the article "Fine Gael") Fine Gael was founded in September 1933 in the amalgamation of the Society of Gaels (Cumann na nGaedheal)-the party of William Thomas Cosgrave, first president of the Irish Free State-and ...
- Gaeltacht
- (from the article "Ireland") ...tourism) and the fertility of the land was in many cases insufficient to provide an acceptable standard of living for the people. These western areas include the districts known collectively ...
- Gaeta
- town, seaport, and archiepiscopal see, Latina province, Lazio region, south-central Italy, on the Gulf of Gaeta, northwest of Naples. Gaeta first came under the influence of the Romans in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gaetuli
- (from the article "Gaetulia") ancient district of interior North Africa that in Roman times, at least, was inhabited by wandering tribes, the Gaetuli. The area, not clearly defined, included the southern slopes of the ...
- Gaetulia
- ancient district of interior North Africa that in Roman times, at least, was inhabited by wandering tribes, the Gaetuli. The area, not clearly defined, included the southern slopes of the ...
- Gafencu, Grigore
- Romanian lawyer, diplomat, journalist, and politician who as foreign minister at the outbreak of World War II tried to maintain Romania's neutrality.
- gaff
- (from the article "fishing") ...with material for the line led to the use of a gut string (mentioned by the diarist Samuel Pepys in 1667) and of a lute string (noted by Venables in ...
- Gaffney
- city, seat of Cherokee county, northern South Carolina, U.S., near the Broad River. Named for Michael Gaffney, an Irish settler who arrived in 1803, it early developed as a resort ...
- Gafsa
- town situated in west-central Tunisia. The ancient name of the locality is applied to the Mesolithic Capsian industry (locally dated about 6250 BCE) of the earliest inhabitants. The original Numidian ...
- Gafurov, B. G.
- (from the article "Tajikistan") ...Soviet Union, the underdeveloped, mountainous Tajik S.S.R. underwent a spectacular social and economic transformation. A sense of nationhood was instilled in the Tajik people-particularly by B.G. Gafurov, the leader of ...
- gag rule
- in U.S. history, any of a series of congressional resolutions that tabled, without discussion, petitions regarding slavery; passed by the House of Representatives between 1836 and 1840 and repealed in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gag, Wanda Hazel
- American artist and author whose dynamic visual style imbued the often commonplace subjects of both her serious art and her illustrated books for children with an intense vitality. [1 Related Articles]
- gagaku
- ancient court music. The name is a Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese characters for elegant music (ya yueh). Such music first appeared in Japan as an import from Korea in ... [8 Related Articles]
- Gagan Singh
- (from the article "Jung Bahadur") Jung Bahadur, a man of great courage and ability, gained control over the government after killing a usurper, Gagan Singh, who in 1846 had plotted with the junior queen to ...
- Gagarin, Yury Alekseyevich
- Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 became the first man to travel into space. [5 Related Articles]
- Gagauz
- (from the article "Moldova") ...were formed. The Moldovan majority took the lead in severing ties with Moscow: sovereignty was declared in June 1990, and the independent Republic of Moldova was proclaimed on Aug. 27, ...
- Gagauz People's Party
- (from the article "Moldova") ...Following independence a variety of political parties emerged, many of them later to divide or to merge with other parties or coalitions. Some of these parties are based on ethnicity ...
- Gage Building
- (from the article "Holabird, William") ...identified with the Chicago School, such as the so-called Chicago School windows, which resulted in a facade almost entirely made of glass, as in their Marquette Building (1894, Chicago). Their ...
- Gage, Frances Dana Barker
- American social reformer and writer who was active in the antislavery, temperance, and women's rights movements of the mid-19th century.
- Gage, Matilda Joslyn
- American women's rights advocate who helped to lead and publicize the suffrage movement in the United States. [3 Related Articles]
- Gage, Thomas
- British general who successfully commanded all British forces in North America for more than 10 years (1763-74) but failed to stem the tide of rebellion as military governor of Massachusetts ... [6 Related Articles]
- Gagern, Friedrich, Freiherr von
- Hans Christoph von Gagern's eldest son, a German soldier and administrator, and military commander of several Dutch provinces, who served as chief of staff during the wars against the Belgian ...
- Gagern, Hans Christoph, Freiherr von
- conservative German administrator, patriotic politician, and writer who unsuccessfully called for arming the entire German nation during the French Revolutionary Wars. He represented The Netherlands at the Congress of Vienna ...
- Gagern, Heinrich, Freiherr von
- second son of Hans Christoph von Gagern, liberal, anti-Austrian German politician and president of the 1848-49 Frankfurt National Assembly, who was one of the leading spokesmen for the Kleindeutsch (Little ...
- Gagern, Maximilian Freiherr von
- 10th son of Hans Christoph, liberal Dutch and German diplomat and politician, who played a prominent part in the German Revolution of 1848, attempting to institute the Kleindeutsch ("small German") ...
- gagging
- (from the article "speech disorder") ...physiological activity. In the hyperkinetic disorders, the highly coordinated patterns of phonation regress to the primitive, forceful, and exaggerated sphincter action of the larynx as seen during gagging. The result ...
- gaggle
- (from the article "goose") Geese pair for life and associate in flocks called gaggles. Simple nests are built on the ground. The rough-surfaced, whitish eggs are incubated for about a month by the hen ...
- Gaghan, Stephen
- (from the article "2000: Other Winners") Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen: Cameron Crowe for Almost FamousScreenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published: Stephen Gaghan for TrafficCinematography: Peter Pau for Crouching Tiger, Hidden DragonArt Direction: ...
- Gagliano, Marco da
- one of the earliest composers of Italian opera.
- Gagliardi, John
- (from the article "Robinson, Eddie") ...View A&M in Dallas. At the end of the 1997 season, he retired with a lifetime record of 408-165-15. Robinson's record of 408 career victories stood until 2003, when it ...
- Gagnan, Emile
- (from the article "underwater diving") Attempts to construct diving apparatus go back to the 19th century, but the sport of scuba, or Aqua-Lung, diving dates from 1943, when Cousteau and the French engineer Emile Gagnan ...
- Gagnoa
- town, southern Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). It is the chief collecting point for a forest region that sends coffee, cocoa, and timber (sipo and mahogany) to the coast for export ...
- Gagnon, Madeleine
- (from the article "Canadian literature") ...embedded in the semantic and syntactic conventions of language as well as in the conventions of literary form were exposed in quite a number of works; of note in this ...
- Gaguin, Robert
- (from the article "humanism") Erasmus' associates in France included the influential humanists Robert Gaguin (1433-1501), Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples (c. 1455-1536), and Guillaume Bude (Guglielmus Budaeus, 1467-1540). Of these three, Bude was most central to ...
- gagum
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...of the sun god of Sippar furnish a particularly striking example of the fusion of religious service and private economic interest. These women, who lived in a convent called gagum, ...
- Gahadavala Dynasty
- one of the many ruling families of North India on the eve of the Muslim conquests in the 12th-13th century. Its history, ranging between the second half of the 11th ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gahal party
- (from the article "Weizman, Ezer") ...to the post of chief of staff. When he learned in 1969 that Prime Minister Golda Meir had vetoed his appointment as chief of staff, Weizman resigned his commission. That ...
- Gahanbar
- in Zoroastrianism, any of six festivals, occurring at irregular intervals throughout the year, which celebrate the seasons and possibly the six stages in the creation of the world (the heavens, ... [1 Related Articles]
- gahapati
- (from the article "India") The institutional development within these oligarchies suggests a stabilized agrarian economy. Sources mention wealthy householders (gahapatis) employing slaves and hired labourers to work on their lands. The ...
- Gahn, Johan Gottlieb
- Swedish mineralogist and crystallographer who discovered manganese in 1774. His failure to win fame may be related to the fact that he published little. He saved the notes, papers, and ... [3 Related Articles]
- gahnite
- (from the article "gahnite") the mineral zinc aluminum oxide, a member of the spinel (q.v.) series.TABLEcommon oxides
- Gaho
- (from the article "Hayashi Razan") Gaho, Hayashi's third son (also called Harukatsu), became his father's successor as chief official scholar; and Dokkosai, Hayashi's fourth son (also called Morikatsu), was also employed by the shogunate. During ...
- Gai Jatra
- (from the article "Kathmandu") Festivals in Kathmandu include, in spring, the Shivaratri and the Machendra Jatra with its procession bearing the image of the god Machendra; in late summer, the Gai Jatra (festival of ...
- gai saber
- the art of composing love poetry; especially the art of the Provencal troubadours as set forth in a 14th-century work called the Leys d'amors. The Old Provencal phrase gai saber ...
- Gaia hypothesis
- (from the article "Green Architecture: Building for the 21st Century") This "whole Earth" concept also became the basis of Lovelock's Gaia theory. Named after the Greek goddess of nature, his hypothesis defined the entire planet as a single unified organism, ...
- Gaidar, Yegor
- (from the article "Russia") ...1990s, hundreds of parties were founded, but most were short-lived, as the appeal of many was based solely on the personality of the founder. For example, the liberal party of ...
- Gaiety
- (from the article "Horniman, Annie") In 1908 she began her own repertory theatre, the Gaiety, in Manchester. Good plays-from Greek tragedy to works by Shaw, John Galsworthy, Arnold Bennett, Harley Granville-Barker, and St. John Ervine-a ...
- Gailhard, John
- English author of an educational treatise on proper training for the English nobility that is noteworthy for its insights into the educational goals and techniques of the 17th-century English upper ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gaillard Cut
- (from the article "Panama Canal") ...covers an area of 425 square km (164 square miles). The channel through the lake varies in depth from 14 to 26 metres (46 to 85 feet) and extends for ...
- Gaillard, Chateau
- (French: "Saucy Castle"), 12th-century castle built by Richard the Lion-Heart on the Andelys cliff overlooking the Seine River in France; substantial portions of it still stand. Chateau Gaillard, the strongest ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gaillard, Eugene
- (from the article "furniture") ...and Crafts movement in England (established by the English poet and decorator William Morris to reintroduce idealized standards of medieval craftsmanship), gave rise to original chair designs by Eugene Gaillard ...
- Gaillardia
- genus of leafy, branching herbs of the family Asteraceae, native to North America. Several summer-blooming species are cultivated as garden ornamentals, especially blanketflower (G. aristata) and annual blanketflower (G. pulchella; ...
- Gaiman, Neil
- In the eight years since the conclusion of his groundbreaking Sandman series for DC Comics, Neil Gaiman had established himself as a successful novelist, an outspoken activist for authors' legal ...
- Gaimar V
- (from the article "William de Hauteville") ...He served as a captain of the Norman army that joined the Lombards in invading Apulia, in southern Italy, and was proclaimed count of Apulia in 1042. The title was ...
- gain
- (from the article "amplifier") ...control and measuring instruments, radar, and countless other devices all depend on this basic process of amplification. The overall amplification of a multistage amplifier is the product of the gains ...
- Gaines, Ernest J.
- American writer whose fiction, as exemplified by The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (1971), his most acclaimed work, reflects African American experience and the oral tradition of his rural Louisiana ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gaines, John Ryan
- (from the article "Equestrian Sports") Hall of Fame jockey Ted Atkinson died on May 5 at age 88. (See Obituaries.) Owner and breeder John Ryan Gaines, who was considered the founding father ...
- Gaines, Steve
- (from the article "Lynyrd Skynyrd") ...(b. July 19, 1952-d. Jan. 23, 1990Jacksonville), Steve Gaines (b. Sept. 14, 1949Seneca, Mo.-d. Oct. 20,...
- Gaines, William Maxwell
- American publisher who launched Mad magazine (1952), an irreverent monthly with humorous illustrations and writing that satirized mass media, politicians, celebrities, and comic books.
- Gainesville
- city, seat (1853) of Alachua county, north-central Florida, U.S., about 70 miles (115 km) southwest of Jacksonville. The Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto marched through the area in 1539, and ...
- Gainesville
- city, seat (1823) of Hall county, northeastern Georgia, U.S., about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Atlanta. It is located along Lake Sidney Lanier (which is impounded by Buford Dam ...
- Gainsborough
- town, West Lindsey district, administrative and historic county of Lincolnshire, England. It stands on the River Trent, bordering Nottinghamshire. Gainsborough's early importance as a Saxon settlement was augmented when it ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gainsborough
- (foaled 1915), English racehorse (Thoroughbred) who won the British Triple Crown, consisting of the Two Thousand Guineas at Newmarket, the Derby at Epsom Downs, and the Saint Leger at Doncaster ...
- Gainsborough chair
- type of English armchair made in the mid-18th century. A wide chair with a high back, it was normally upholstered in leather. The sides are open, and the short, upholstered ...
- Gainsborough, Battle of
- (from the article "Cromwell, Oliver") ...to prevent the penetration of Yorkshire Royalists into the eastern counties and decided to counterattack. By re-forming his men in a moment of crisis in the face of an unbeaten ...
- Gainsborough, Thomas
- portrait and landscape painter, the most versatile English painter of the 18th century. Some of his early portraits show the sitters grouped in a landscape (Mr. and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gainza Paz, Alberto
- editor of the influential Buenos Aires daily La Prensa whose opposition to dictator Juan Peron led to the newspaper's confiscation by the government, 1951-55. He was regarded ...
- Gairdner, Lake
- largest of a group of shallow depressions west of Lake Torrens in central South Australia, 240 miles (386 km) northwest of Adelaide. It measures 100 miles (160 km) long by ...
- Gairy, Sir Eric Matthew
- Grenadan politician (b. Feb. 18, 1922, St. Andrew's Parish, Grenada--d. Aug. 23, 1997, Grand Anse, Grenada), served as the first prime minister of Grenada after it gained independence from Britain ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gaiseric
- king of the Vandals and the Alani (428-477) who conquered a large part of Roman Africa and in 455 sacked Rome. [7 Related Articles]
- gait
- (from the article "horsemanship") The natural gaits of the horse are the walk, the trot, the canter or slow gallop, and the gallop, although in dressage the canter and gallop are not usually differentiated. ...
- Gaitan, Jorge Eliecer
- political leader who was considered a champion of the Colombian people and was revered as a martyr after his assassination. [1 Related Articles]
- Gaitskell, Hugh
- British statesman, leader of the British Labour Party from December 1955 until his sudden death at the height of his influence. [4 Related Articles]
- Gaitskill, Mary
- (from the article "American literature") ...Shipping News (1993) and Close Range: Wyoming Stories (1999) and Andrea Barrett in Ship Fever (1996). Others focused on relationships between women, including Mary Gaitskill in her witty satiric novel ...
- Gaius
- Roman jurist whose writings became authoritative in the late Roman Empire. The Law of Citations (426), issued by the eastern Roman emperor Theodosius II, named Gaius one of five jurists ...
- Gaius, Saint
- pope from 283 (possibly December 17) to 296. Nothing about him is known with certainty. Supposedly a relative of the Roman emperor Diocletian, he conducted his pontificate at a period ...
- Gaj, Ljudevit
- (from the article "Croatia") ...Croatian resistance took shape in the Illyrian movement of the 1830s and '40s. The Illyrianists-primarily intellectuals, professionals, clergymen, and gentry led by the linguistic reformer Ljudevit Gaj-strove to defend Croatian ...
- Gajabahu
- (from the article "India") ...Among them, Nedunjeral Adan is said to have attacked the Yavana ships and held the Yavana traders to ransom. His son Shenguttuvan, much eulogized in the poems, also is mentioned ...
- Gajah Mada
- prime minister of the Majapahit Empire and a national hero in Indonesia. He is believed to have unified the entire archipelago. The principal poet of the era, Prapanca, eulogized Gajah ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gajdusek, D. Carleton
- American physician and medical researcher, corecipient (with Baruch S. Blumberg) of the 1976 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his research on the causal agents of various degenerative neurological ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gajraj, Ronald
- (from the article "Guyana") In January 2004 the Guyanese opposition People's National Congress (PNC) launched a national signature campaign to force Home Affairs Minister Ronald Gajraj out of office on the basis of allegations ...
- Gakko
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...of Japanese sculpture extant. Known as the Yakushi Triad, the work consists of the seated Yakushi Buddha flanked by the standing attendants Nikko (Suryaprabha, bodhisattva of the Sun) and Gakko ...
- gaku-so
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...school of koto music from the courtly tradition to the present time involves changes in the structure of the instruments as well as changes in playing method and notation. The ...
- Gakusei
- (from the article "education") ...he outlined a strategy for acquiring the best features of Western education. He assigned commissioners, many of whom were students of Western learning, to design the school system, and in ...
- gal
- unit of acceleration, named in honour of the Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and used especially in measurements of gravity. One gal equals a change in rate of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gal Oya
- river, eastern Sri Lanka. It rises in the hill country east of Badulla and flows north and east past Inginiyagala to the Indian Ocean 10 miles (16 km) south of ...
- Gal Oya National Park
- (from the article "Gal Oya") ...Sri Lanka, at Bintenne. The project has opened up 100,000 acres (40,000 hectares) of land to the cultivation of paddy, sugarcane, chilies, potatoes, and other crops throughout the eastern coast. ...
- Gal Oya project
- (from the article "Senanayake, D S") ...respect from Ceylon's Sinhalese, Tamil, and European communities and was able to maintain the morale of the civil service during the transition period, despite its loss of British personnel. His ...
- Gal, Uziel
- Israeli army officer and inventor (b. Dec. 15, 1923, Germany-d. Sept. 7, 2002, Philadelphia, Pa.), designed the Uzi submachine gun, a compact automatic weapon used throughout the world as a ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gala, Antonio
- (from the article "Spanish literature") Antonio Gala, a multitalented, original, and commercially successful playwright, debunked historical myths while commenting allegorically on contemporary Spain via expressionistic humour and comedy. Jaime Salom, like Gala, defies ideological classification. ...
- galactic cannibalism
- (from the article "galaxy") ...that have captured smaller cluster members because of their dominating gravitational fields and have absorbed the other galaxies into their own structures. Astronomers refer to this process as galactic cannibalism. ...
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