the study of the diverse environments, places, and spaces of the Earth's surface and their interactions; it seeks to answer the questions of why things are as they are, where ... [18 Related Articles]
model of the figure of the Earth-i.e., of the planet's size and shape-that coincides with mean sea level over the oceans and continues in continental areas as an imaginary sea-level ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "dating") The end product of correlation is a mental abstraction called the geologic column. It is the result of integrating all the world's individual rock sequences into a single sequence. In ...
(from the article "geology") ...is thus the complement of deposition. The unconsolidated accumulated sediments are transformed by the process of diagenesis and lithification into sedimentary rocks, thereby completing a full cycle of the transfer ...
(from the article "nuclear reactor") The waste disposal method currently being planned by all countries with nuclear power plants is called geologic disposal. This means that all conditioned nuclear wastes are to be deposited in ...
(from the article "geochronology") ...the rock record and, in particular, what the fossil record had to say about past events in the long history of the Earth. A testimony to Smith's efforts in producing ...
(from the article "dating") ...very common in rocks formed at deep crustal levels. Vast areas within the Precambrian shield, which have identical ages reflecting a common cooling history, have been identified. These are called ...
the extensive interval of time occupied by the Earth's geologic history. It extends from about 3.9 billion years ago (corresponding to the age of the oldest known rocks) to the ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "museums, history of") ...Europe or North America. In South America particularly, new museums were founded both in the capital cities and in the provinces. Some of these were provided by universities, as in ...
(from the article "dating") ...under a variety of conditions. Under such circumstances the isolation and analysis of certain minerals can indicate at what time these conditions prevailed. If a simple mineral is widespread in ...
(from the article "Day, Arthur L.") ...Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C.; he retired in 1936. He was vice president of the National Academy of Sciences (1933-1941) and president (1938) of the Geological ...
(from the article "Logan, Sir William Edmond") In 1842, when the Geological Survey of Canada was formed, Logan was made its director, and he served in this capacity until 1869. His chief work for the Geological Survey ...
(from the article "Beche, Sir Henry Thomas De La") geologist who founded the Geological Survey of Great Britain, which made the first methodical geologic survey of an entire country ever undertaken.
(from the article "wolf spider") ...spots. Thin-legged wolf spiders (Pardosa), which have a lens-shaped, greenish or gray egg sac, have relatively long legs with long spines on the "foot." Burrowing wolf spiders (Geolycosa), which spend ...
magnetic field associated with the Earth. It primarily is dipolar (i.e., it has two poles, these being the north and south magnetic poles) on the Earth's surface. Away from the ... [14 Related Articles]
(from the article "geomagnetic field") ...total field magnitude according to a 1980 model plotted on a geographic Mercator projection, the largest fields occurred at two points in the Northern and Southern hemispheres not far from ...
(from the article "geomagnetic reversal") an alternation of the Earth's magnetic polarity in geologic time. See polar wandering.major referencegeomagnetic fieldReversals of the main fieldThe Ear
branch of geophysics concerned with all aspects of the Earth's magnetic field, including its origin, variation through time, and manifestations in the form of magnetic poles, the remanent magnetization of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Beijing") The urban plan, based on traditional Chinese geomantic practices, was composed about a single straight line, drawn north and south through the centre of the Forbidden City, on which the ...
(from the article "augury") ...number of sources of augury, each with its own specialist jargon and ritual, were atmospheric phenomena (aeromancy), cards (cartomancy), dice or lots (cleromancy), dots and other marks on paper (geomancy), ...
(from the article "population ecology") Insects and plants that live for a single year and reproduce once before dying are examples of organisms whose growth is geometric. In these species a population grows as a ...
(from the article "mathematics") ...for the major part of its contents can be traced back to research from the 4th century BC and in some cases even earlier. The first four books present constructions ...
(from the article "mean") ...that x1/g = g/x2, or g2 = x1x2; hence ... This g is called the geometric mean of x1 and x2. The geometric mean of n numbers x1, x2, &elipsis;, xn is defined...
(from the article "pottery") ...of the Aztecs until about 1325, the date of the foundation of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). Much of their later pottery utilizes an orange-burning clay that was painted with black curvilinear ...
(from the article "drafting") ...can be a lesser or greater challenge, depending on the complexity of the design. In the 15th century some of the leading artists and architects developed geometric schemes of perspective. ...
(from the article "mathematics") ...+ m; that is, in the multiplication of numbers, the exponents are related additively. By correlating the geometric sequence of numbers a, a2, a3,&elipsis;(a is called the base) and the ...
(from the article "infinite series") ...above r equals 1/2) converges to the sum 1/(1 − r) if 0 < r < 1 and diverges if r ≥ 1. This series is called the geometric series with ratio r and was one of the ...
style of ancient Greek art, primarily of vase painting, that began about 900 BC and represents the last purely Mycenaean-Greek art form that originated before the influx of foreign inspiration ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "optics") Geometrical opticslightGeometrical optics: light as raysA detailed understanding of the nature of light was not needed for the development, beginning ...
any member of a group of moths (order Lepidoptera) that includes the species commonly known as pug, wave, emerald, and carpet moths. The larvae of geometrid moths are called by ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "topology") ...in 1904. One such research effort concerned a conjecture on the geometrization of three-dimensional manifolds that was posed in the 1970s by the American mathematician William Thurston. Thurston's conjecture implies ...
(from the article "lepidopteran") ...on stems and fruits of various plants; many Pyraustinae species are considered pests, but some have been used in management of aquatic weeds.Almost 22,000 species; adults with abdominal tympana; ...
the branch of mathematics concerned with the shape of individual objects, spatial relationships among various objects, and the properties of surrounding space. It is one of the oldest branches of ... [35 Related Articles]
class of citizens in ancient Greek society. In 7th-century-BC Attic society, geomoroi were freemen, generally peasant farm holders, lower on the social and political scale than the eupatridae, the aristocracy, ...
theory of the evolution of landforms. In this theory, first set forth by William M. Davis between 1884 and 1934, landforms were assumed to change through time from "youth" to ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "ribbon worm") ...the other type, similar to an adult, is called Desor's larva. Larvae metamorphose into young ribbon worms after swimming for days or weeks in the plankton. Within the genera Prostoma ...
(from the article "Earth Sciences") A new subfield of geophysics was established in 2005 when an international team of scientists announced the first-ever detection of geoneutrinos. Neutrinos are nearly massless subatomic particles that travel close ...
(from the article "palm") ...soils in regions of high though often seasonal rainfall. They range from the lowlands to mountain and cloud forests up to altitudes of 1,800 metres. Rarely, as in the wax ...
(from the article "palm") ...Competition between young palms and ultimate canopy components may be an important factor in forest regeneration. Some palms that grow near the forest floor (Asterogyne martiana and Geonoma cuneata, for ...
(from the article "palm") Stamens, though most often 6 in number, may rarely be 3 (Areca triandra, Geonoma triandra, Nypa fruticans) or more numerous, ranging from 6 to 36 in Heterospathe, to more than ...
trade name for an acoustic detector that responds to ground vibrations generated by seismic waves. Geophones-also called jugs, pickups, and tortugas-are placed on the ground surface in various patterns, or ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Becker, George Ferdinand") ...such studies could not be prosecuted successfully without a great body of physical data on the rocks and minerals that compose the Earth, and thus he played a major role ...
(from the article "archaeology") Other modern techniques that have been applied to archaeological prospecting employ electricity and magnetic fields (geophysical prospecting). A method of electrical prospecting had been developed in large-scale oil prospecting: this ...
analysis of the geographic influences on power relationships in international relations. The word geopolitics was originally coined by the Swedish political scientist Rudolf Kjellen about the turn of the 20th ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "ocean") ...the vertical. Horizontal differences in density (due to variations of temperature and salinity) measured along a specific depth cause the hydrostatic pressure to vary along a horizontal plane or geopotential ...
(from the article "natural gas") Geopressured reservoirs exist throughout the world in deep, geologically young sedimentary basins in which the formation fluids (which usually occur in the form of a brine) bear a part of ...
(from the article "World Literary Prizes 2007") ...power was a factor, and political oppression. She was as surprised as anyone by the award, which the great Austrian novelist and playwright Thomas Bernhard (1931-89) had not received. The ...
king of Bohemia from 1458. As head of the conservative Utraquist faction of Hussite Protestants, he established himself as a power when Bohemia was still under Habsburg rule, and he ... [4 Related Articles]
town, Western Cape province, South Africa. The town lies distantly east of Cape Town and immediately inland from the Indian Ocean. It was founded in 1811 as the first British ...
(from the article "nuclear weapon") Just prior to the conference, on May 8 at Enewetak atoll in the western Pacific, a test explosion named George had successfully used a fission bomb to ignite a small ...
a British civilian and military decoration, instituted in 1940 by King George VI for "acts of the greatest heroism or of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger." ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Eastman, George") ...to introduce profit sharing as an employee incentive. Eastman took his own life at age 77, leaving a note that said, "My work is done. Why wait?" His home in ...
(from the article "Newberg") ...area producing lumber, fruit, and paper and wood products; the area also yields about 90 percent of the U.S. hazelnut crop and is the centre of an important wine-making industry. ...
king of Greece, whose long reign (1863-1913) was the formative period for the development of Greece as a modern European state. His descendants occupied the throne until the military coup ... [3 Related Articles]
duke of Saxe-Meiningen, theatrical director and designer who developed many of the basic principles of modern acting and stage design. [4 Related Articles]
king of Greece from September 1922 to March 1924 and from October 1935 until his death. His second reign was marked by the ascendancy of the military dictator Ioannis Metaxas. [2 Related Articles]
king of Great Britain and elector of Hanover from 1727 to 1760. Although he possessed sound political judgment, his lack of self-confidence caused him to rely heavily on his ministers, ... [11 Related Articles]
king of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820) and elector (1760-1814) and then king (1814-20) of Hanover, during a period when Britain won an empire in the Seven Years' War but ... [24 Related Articles]
(from the article "Southwark") ...early theatres was Bankside's Globe Theatre, where many of William Shakespeare's plays were first produced; a historical reconstruction of that theatre was opened near the original site in 1997. The ...
king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and king of Hanover from Jan. 29, 1820, previously the sovereign de facto from Feb. 5, 1811, when he became ... [14 Related Articles]
public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Fairfax, Virginia, U.S. It consists of 12 colleges and schools offering a variety of undergraduate and graduate degrees. Several of its graduate programs ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "George Cross") The George Medal, instituted at the same time as the George Cross, is analogous to it but is awarded for services not quite so outstanding as those which merit the ...
(from the article "coin") ...of which was now the royal arms supported by a lion and dragon. He introduced the gold crown of five shillings, with its half, raised the angel to seven shillings ...
(from the article "Roger II") It was on this navy above all that Sicily's security and prosperity depended, and Roger's use of it was not overscrupulous. Under the greatest of its admirals, George of Antioch, ...
opponent of and controversial successor (357) to Bishop Athanasius the Great of Alexandria, whom the Roman emperor Constantius II had exiled for attacking Arianism. As an extreme Arian, George was ...
Byzantine humanist, Greek scholar, and Aristotelian polemist. His academic influence in Italy and within the papacy, his theories on grammar and literary criticism, and his Latin translations of ancient Greek ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Vanderbilt University") ...granted in 1879, and an engineering department was formed in 1886. The Methodists retained control of the university until 1914. The Graduate School was founded in 1935. In 1979 Vanderbilt ...
British publishing house, one of the oldest in the United Kingdom, located in London. The company, specializing in maps and atlases, was founded in 1834. Some of its well-known publications ...
(from the article "Bricker, John W.") ...Confederation of the 18th century. Ultimately defeated, the Bricker Amendment was greatly attenuated during the debate by elimination of the restriction upon the enforcement of formal treaties. The George Resolution, ...
river in Nord-du-Quebec region, northeastern Quebec province, Canada. It rises near the Labrador (Newfoundland) border, flows northward parallel to the boundary for 350 miles (563 km), and empties into the ...
Byzantine historian, author of a world chronicle that constitutes a prime documentary source for mid-9th-century Byzantine history, particularly the iconoclast (Greek: "image destroyer") movement.
Byzantine epic poet, historian, and cleric whose classically structured verse was acclaimed as a model for medieval Greek poetry, but whose arid, bombastic tone manifested Hellenism's cultural decline. [1 Related Articles]
Byzantine historian and author of a world chronicle of events from the creation to the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian (reigned 284-305). Together with the parallel work by Eusebius ...
leading port of Malaysia, situated on a triangular promontory in the northeastern sector of the island of Penang (Pinang). Its sheltered harbour is separated from the west coast of Peninsular ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Pacific Islands") ...and support, consolidating power, and accepting missionary advisers and missionary-designed codes of law. In 1819 Pomare II of Tahiti promulgated such a code. In Tonga, Taufa'ahau took the name George ...
(from the article "Tonga") ...Christianity spread rapidly. In separate treaties, Germany (1876), Great Britain (1879), and the United States (1888) recognized Tonga's independence. George I was succeeded by his great-grandson George II, who died ...
(from the article "Tonga") Following his accession to the throne, King George Tupou V began divesting himself of ownership in many of the state assets that constituted much of the wealth of the monarchy. ...
(from the article "submarine") The first modern strategic submarines were of the U.S. George Washington class, which became operational in 1959. These 5,900-ton, 382-foot vessels carried 16 Polaris missiles, which had a range of ...
(from the article "Abraham Lincoln Battalion") ...largely of communists; but, unlike the Europeans, the majority of Americans were students, and none had previously seen military service. Briefly in 1937 there was a second American force, the ...
historical area consisting of 538 acres (218 hectares) of plantation land in Westmoreland county, eastern Virginia, U.S. It lies along the Potomac River 38 miles (61 km) east-southeast of Fredericksburg. ... [1 Related Articles]
vehicular suspension bridge crossing the Hudson River, U.S., between The Palisades park near Fort Lee, N.J., and Manhattan island, New York City (between 178th and 179th streets). The original structure ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Joplin") ...improve skills in the elementary grades. The Joplin Museum Complex includes the Tri-State Mineral Museum and the Dorothea B. Hoover Historical Museum, which displays items from Joplin's mining era. George ...
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Washington, D.C., U.S. It consists of the Columbian College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the Elliott School of International Affairs, the ...
Governors of the Bank of England had always been powerful people, but traditionally they exercised their power in private. When Eddie George, a hard-line advocate of low inflation at all ...
By her own account, American mystery writer Elizabeth George scored a great success in allowing an unprecedented calamity to befall Detective Inspector Thomas Lynley, one of the main characters in ...
(from the article "Brady, William A") ...more than 250 plays, including Way Down East; an all-star revival of Uncle Tom's Cabin; A Free Soul; and Elmer Rice's Street Scene. His second wife, the stage and film ...
land reformer and economist who in Progress and Poverty (1879) proposed the single tax: that the state tax away all economic rent-the income from the use of the bare land, ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Curling") Canada's Kyle George won the men's title at the world junior championships in Pinerolo, Italy, with a 6-5 victory in an extra end over Sweden's Nils Carlsen. Logan Gray of ...
freshwater lake, southeastern New South Wales, Australia, located about 25 mi (40 km) northeast of Canberra, just east of the Lake George Range, a low ridge in the Great Dividing ...
(from the article "East African lakes") Lake Edward, of which the deepest part (367 feet) is in the west under the Congo Escarpment, receives the Rutshuru River as its principal affluent. On the northeast it is ...
lake, northeastern New York state, U.S. It is 32 miles (51 km) long, 1-3 miles (1.6-5 km) wide, and extends northward from Lake George village to Ticonderoga, where it is ...
