| | - Genoa
- unincorporated town, Douglas county, western Nevada, U.S., west of the Carson River and east of Lake Tahoe, 12 miles (19 km) south-southwest of Carson City. Genoa is the oldest permanent ...
- Genoa, Conference of
- (April 10-May 19, 1922), post-World War I meeting at Genoa, Italy, to discuss the economic reconstruction of central and eastern Europe and to explore ways to improve relations between Soviet ... [2 Related Articles]
- Genoa, Gulf of
- northern portion of the Ligurian Sea (an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea), extending eastward around the northwest coast of Italy for 90 miles (145 km), from Imperia to La Spezia. ...
- Genoa, Lanterna of
- (from the article "lighthouse") These early lights were similar to those of antiquity, burning mainly wood, coal, or torches in the open, although oil lamps and candles were also used. A famous lighthouse of ...
- genocide
- the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race. The term, derived from the Greek genos ("race," "tribe," ... [29 Related Articles]
- Genocide, Museum of
- (from the article "Cambodia") Cambodia has two major museums. The National Museum of Arts is devoted to Cambodian ethnography, bronze ware, sculpture, and ceramics. The Museum of Genocide, housed in a former school that ...
- Genoese lace
- bobbin lace made at Genoa, Italy, from the second half of the 16th century; it developed from the earlier knotted fringe called punto a groppo. The early laces (merletti a ...
- Genoese-Venetian wars
- (from the article "Italy") ...social concord that the Venetian government, like no other, indeed provided. This outstanding success at home was matched by victories abroad. In the second (1294-99) and third (1351-55) Genoese-Venetian wars, ...
- genome
- (from the article "Life Sciences") The genome is often called the blueprint of life, but it is the epigenome-the way the genome is modified chemically and packaged-that defines how the information in the blueprint is ...
- genomic library
- (from the article "genetics") ...and produces many copies of the bacterial genome and the recombinant DNA molecule (constituting a DNA clone). A collection of large numbers of clones of recombinant donor DNA molecules is ...
- genomics
- study of the structure, function, and inheritance of the genome (entire set of genetic material) of an organism. A major part of genomics is determining the sequence of molecules that ... [2 Related Articles]
- Genomosperma kidstonii
- (from the article "gymnosperm") ...in seed plants was made clear by a study of ovules discovered in Scotland from the Mississippian subdivision of the Carboniferous Period (about 359 to 318 million years ago). One ...
- genotype
- the genetic constitution of an organism. The genotype determines the hereditary potentials and limitations of an individual from embryonic formation through adulthood. Among organisms that reproduce sexually, an individual's genotype ... [16 Related Articles]
- Genovese, Vito
- one of the most powerful of American crime syndicate bosses from the 1930s to the 1950s and a major influence even from prison, 1959-69. [3 Related Articles]
- Genovesi, Antonio
- Italian philosopher and economist whose proposals for reforms in the Kingdom of Naples combined humanist ideas with a radical Christian metaphysical system.
- genre
- (from the article "organic unity") ...whole, with its several incidents so closely connected that the transposal or withdrawal of any one of them will disjoin and dislocate the whole." The principle is opposed to the ...
- genre
- a distinctive type or category of literary composition, such as the epic, tragedy, comedy, novel, and short story. [4 Related Articles]
- genre painting
- painting of scenes from everyday life, of ordinary people in work or recreation, depicted in a generally realistic manner. Genre art contrasts with that of landscape, portraiture, still life, religious ... [1 Related Articles]
- genro
- ("principal elders"), extraconstitutional oligarchy that dominated the Japanese government from the promulgation of the Meiji Constitution (1889) to the early 1930s. The genro were men who had played a leading ... [1 Related Articles]
- Genroku period
- in Japanese history, era from 1688 to 1704, characterized by a rapidly expanding commercial economy and the development of a vibrant urban culture centred in the cities of Kyoto, Osaka, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Genscher, Hans-Dietrich
- chairman (1974-85) of the West German Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei; FDP) and foreign minister (1974-92) in both Social Democratic Party and Christian Democratic Union-Christian Social Union ministries, before ... [2 Related Articles]
- Genshin
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") In 985 the Tendai monk Genshin (942-1017) produced the 10-part treatise Ojo Yoshu ("Essentials of Salvation"), a major synthesis of Buddhist theory on the issues of suffering and reward and ...
- gentamicin
- (from the article "plague") ...in a laboratory test of the patient's blood, lymph, or sputum. Antibiotic therapy must be given promptly to protect the patient's life. Treatment is primarily with streptomycin or, if unavailable, ...
- genteel comedy
- early 18th-century subgenre of the comedy of manners that reflected the behaviour of the British upper class. Contrasted with Restoration comedy, genteel comedy was somewhat artificial and sentimental. Colley Cibber's ...
- gentian
- (genus Gentiana), any of about 400 species of annual or perennial (rarely biennial) flowering plants of the family Gentianaceae distributed worldwide in temperate and alpine regions, especially in Europe and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gentiana pneumonanthe
- (from the article "gentian") ...purple, violet, mauve, yellow, white, or even red; the four or five petals are usually united into a trumpet, funnel, or bell shape. The flowers have been used in the ...
- Gentianaceae
- the gentian family of the flowering plant order Gentianales, containing 87 genera and nearly 1,700 species of annual and perennial herbs and, rarely, shrubs, native primarily to northern temperate areas ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gentianales
- gentian order of flowering plants, consisting of 5 families with more than 1,100 genera and nearly 17,000 species. The families are Gentianaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae (including Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae), Loganiaceae, and ...
- gentianose
- (from the article "oligosaccharide") ...naturally occurring oligosaccharides are found in plants. Raffinose, a trisaccharide found in many plants, consists of melibiose (galactose and glucose) and fructose. Another plant trisaccharide is gentianose. Maltotriose, a trisaccharide ...
- Gentil, Emile
- French colonial administrator who explored the areas of the present Congo (Brazzaville), Central African Republic, and Chad and helped establish French rule in equatorial Africa.
- Gentile
- (from the article "Christianity") A closely related question is whether Jesus intended his gospel to be addressed to Jews only or if the Gentiles were also to be included. In the Gospels Gentiles appear ...
- Gentile da Fabriano
- foremost painter of central Italy at the beginning of the 15th century, whose few surviving works are among the finest examples of the International Gothic style. [4 Related Articles]
- Gentile, Giovanni
- major figure in Italian idealist philosophy, politician, educator, and editor, sometimes called the "philosopher of Fascism." His "actual idealism" shows the strong influence of G.W.F. Hegel. [2 Related Articles]
- Gentileschi, Artemisia
- Italian painter, daughter of Orazio Gentileschi, who was a major follower of the revolutionary Baroque painter Caravaggio. She was an important second-generation proponent of Caravaggio's dramatic realism. [1 Related Articles]
- Gentileschi, Orazio
- Italian Baroque painter, one of the more important painters who came under the influence of Caravaggio and who was one of the more successful interpreters of his style. His daughter, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gentili, Alberico
- Italian jurist considered by many to be the founder of the science of international law and said to have been the first in western Europe to separate secular law from ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gentilianus, Amelius
- (from the article "Plotinus") ...collected and arranged as the Enneads. Some, it seems from their complexity, were destined for an inner circle of his closest friends and philosophical collaborators, such as Porphyry, Amelius Gentilianus ...
- gentle lemur
- (from the article "lemur") ...the male is black and the female is reddish brown. The rare black-and-white or black-and-red ruffed lemurs (genus Varecia) live in rainforests on the eastern side of Madagascar. The gentle ...
- Gentleman's Magazine
- (1731-1914), long-popular English periodical that gave the name "magazine" to its genre. It was the first general periodical in England, founded by Edward Cave in 1731. It originated as a ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gentlemen vs. Players match
- (from the article "cricket") Some of the earliest organized cricket matches were between amateur and professional players. From 1806 (annually from 1819) to 1962, the Gentlemen-versus-Players match pitted the best amateurs against the best ...
- Gentlemen's Agreement
- (1907), U.S.-Japanese understanding, in which Japan agreed not to issue passports to emigrants to the United States, except to certain categories of business and professional men. In return, President Theodore ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gentlemen's Canal
- (from the article "Amsterdam") ...now the Singel and the Kloveniersburgwal canals. Three towers of the old fortifications still stand. Outside the Singel are the three main canals dating from the early 17th century: the ...
- Gentofte
- northern residential suburb of Copenhagen. It maintains itself as a separate municipality, although it is now indistinguishable from the surrounding suburbs. Gentofte forms a wealthy part of Greater Copenhagen, and ...
- gentoo penguin
- (from the article "penguin") ...spring or summer. King penguins are on a 14- to 18-month cycle, and the timing of an individual pair depends on the success or failure of the previous breeding attempt. ...
- gentrification
- (from the article "Chicago") The most recent destabilizing factor in some areas of the city has been gentrification. Conveniently located old houses and apartment buildings have lured enough financing to transform once-abandoned districts into ...
- gentry
- (from the article "Europe, history of") The use of the two terms nobleman and gentleman indicates the difficulty of definition. The terms were loosely used to mark the essential distinction between members of an upper class ...
- Gentry, Charter to the
- (1785) edict issued by the Russian empress Catherine II the Great that recognized the corps of nobles in each province as a legal corporate body and stated the rights and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gentz, Friedrich
- German political journalist, famous for his writings against the principles of the French Revolution and Napoleon and as a confidential adviser of Metternich. Though a commoner, he sometimes affected the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gentzen, Gerhard
- (from the article "metalogic") The best-known consistency proof is that of the German mathematician Gerhard Gentzen (1936) for the system N of classical (or ordinary, in contrast to intuitionistic) number theory. Taking omega (omega) ...
- genu
- (from the article "nervous system, human") ...capsule. The internal capsule consists of an anterior limb and a larger posterior limb and is abruptly curved, with the apex directed toward the centre of the brain; the junction ...
- Genuine Republican Party
- (from the article "Bolivia") ...control of the Republican Party's junta in 1920 and was national president from 1921 to 1925, and Daniel Salamanca, a Cochabamba landowner who took his following into a separate party, ...
- genus
- biological classification ranking between family and species, consisting of structurally or phylogenetically related species or an isolated species exhibiting unusual differentiation (monotypic genus). Thus the species of roses collectively form ... [5 Related Articles]
- Geny, Francois
- French law professor who originated the libre recherche scientifique ("free scientific research") movement in jurisprudence. His advocacy of this principle liberalized the interpretation of codified law in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Genyophryninae
- (from the article "Anura") ...direct development; 66 genera, 306 species; 10 subfamilies: Cophylinae (Madagascar), Dyscophinae (Madagascar), Scaphiophryninae (Madagascar), Asterophryinae (New Guinea and Sulu Archipelago), Genyophryninae (Philippines, eastern Indo-Australian archipelago, New Guinea, northern Australia), Brevicipitinae ...
- genze riyaku
- (from the article "Japan") ...to the daily lives of the people, the continued existence of Buddhist temples was guaranteed. Though hardly a new phenomenon, more people in Edo times tended to engage in what ...
- Genzyme Center
- (from the article "Architecture and Civil Engineering") ...in Cambridge, a science research and teaching facility by Frank Gehry, whose design was free-form and humorous and gave parts of the building the appearance of colliding or collapsing; and ...
- Geoana, Mircea
- (from the article "Romania") Though the PSD continued to wield power in the state bureaucracy, it was unable to exploit the government's difficulties. Infighting among PSD leaders made it challenging for Mircea Geoana, the ...
- Geocarcinus
- (from the article "migration") Some crabs, such as robber crabs (Birgus) and land crabs of tropical regions (Geocarcinus), have adapted to life on land. They migrate to the sea to reproduce and then return ...
- geocarpy
- (from the article "seed and fruit") ...of an already occupied, favourable site. This aim is often achieved by synaptospermy, the sticking together of several diaspores, which makes them less mobile, as in beet and spinach; also, ...
- geocentric system
- any theory of the structure of the solar system (or the universe) in which Earth is assumed to be at the centre of all. The most highly developed geocentric system ... [7 Related Articles]
- geocentric zenith
- (from the article "zenith") ...If the line were not deflected by such local irregularities in the Earth's mass as mountains, it would point to the geographic zenith. Because the Earth rotates and is not ...
- geochemical cycle
- developmental path followed by individual elements or groups of elements in the crustal and subcrustal zones of the Earth and on its surface. The concept of a geochemical cycle encompasses ... [1 Related Articles]
- geochemical facies
- (from the article "Gressly, Amanz") ...and fossil beds, Gressly observed the great horizontal changes in each individual layer. In "Observations geologiques sur le Jura Soleurois" (1838-41), he coined the term facies to describe the aspects ...
- geochemical prospecting
- (from the article "mining") ...as density, magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization, electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, magnetic permeability, seismic-wave velocity, and radioactive decay. In geochemical prospecting the search for anomalies is based on the systematic ...
- geochemistry
- scientific discipline that deals with the relative abundance, distribution, and migration of the Earth's chemical elements and their isotopes. [20 Related Articles]
- geochronology
- field of scientific investigation concerned with determining the age and history of the Earth's rocks and rock assemblages. Such time determinations are made and the record of past geologic events ... [6 Related Articles]
- geochronometer
- (from the article "geochronology") ...whether such rates are representative of the past. This is where radioactive methods frequently supply information that may serve to calibrate nonradioactive processes so that they become useful chronometers. Nonradioactive ...
- Geococcyx californianus
- (from the article "roadrunner") either of two species of terrestrial cuckoos, especially Geococcyx californianus (see photograph), of the deserts of Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is about 56 cm (22 inches) long, ...
- Geocoris punctipes
- (from the article "lygaeid bug") ...include the Old World, or Egyptian, cotton stainer (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis) and the Australian Nysius vinitor, both of which are destructive to fruit trees, and the predatory Geocoris punctipes, which feeds ...
- geode
- hollow mineral body found in limestones and some shales. The common form is a slightly flattened globe ranging in diameter from 2.5 to more than 30 cm (1 to 12 ... [3 Related Articles]
- geodesic
- (from the article "relativity") In this way, the curvature of space-time near a star defines the shortest natural paths, or geodesics-much as the shortest path between any two points on the Earth is not ...
- geodesic dome
- spherical form in which lightweight triangular or polygonal facets consisting of either skeletal struts or flat planes, largely in tension, replace the arch principle and distribute stresses within the structure ... [4 Related Articles]
- geodesy
- scientific discipline concerned with the precise figure of the Earth and its determination and significance. Until the advent of satellites, all geodesic work was based on land surveys made by ... [7 Related Articles]
- Geodetic Reference System 1967
- (from the article "geoid") ...of the Earth, but satellite measurements are greatly superior for determining the flattening. After 10 years of satellite observations, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics adopted the Geodetic Reference ...
- geodetic surveying
- (from the article "map") Until recently the progress of geodetic triangulation, the basic survey method, was more or less limited to areas either covered by good topographic maps or scheduled for mapping. Preparations for ...
- geoduck
- (species Panopea generosa), marine invertebrate of the class Bivalvia (phylum Mollusca) that inhabits the sandy muds of the intertidal and shallow sublittoral zones of the Pacific coast of North America ... [1 Related Articles]
- Geoffrey I Grisegonelle
- (from the article "Anjou") ...the country of the Normans and enlarged his domains by taking part of Touraine. He died in 942, and under his successor, Fulk II the Good, the destruction caused by ...
- Geoffrey II
- count of Anjou (1040-60), whose territorial ambitions, though making him troublesome to his father, Fulk III Nerra, resulted in the further expansion of Angevin lands after his father's death. (Geoffrey's ... [3 Related Articles]
- Geoffrey III the Bearded
- (from the article "Anjou") ...son Geoffrey II Martel (1040-60) pursued the policy of expansion begun by his father and annexed the Vendomois and a part of Maine to Anjou. Because he left no sons, ...
- Geoffrey IV
- count of Anjou (1131-51), Maine, and Touraine and ancestor of the Plantagenet kings of England through his marriage, in June 1128, to Matilda (q.v.), daughter of Henry I of England. ... [9 Related Articles]
- Geoffrey IV
- duke of Brittany and earl of Richmond, the fourth, but third surviving, son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. [1 Related Articles]
- Geoffrey Of Monmouth
- medieval English chronicler and bishop of St. Asaph (1152), whose major work, the Historia regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), brought the figure of Arthur into European literature. [6 Related Articles]
- Geoffrin, Marie-Therese Rodet
- French hostess whose salon in the Hotel de Rambouillet was an international meeting place of artists and men of letters from 1749 to 1777.
- Geoffrion, Bernie
- Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. Feb. 16, 1931, Montreal, Que.-d. March 11, 2006, Atlanta, Ga.), was considered the inventor of the slap shot, a scoring weapon that transformed ...
- Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne
- French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition," postulating a single consistent structural plan basic to all animals as a major tenet of comparative anatomy, and who founded ... [2 Related Articles]
- Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore
- French zoologist noted for his work on anatomical abnormalities in humans and lower animals. [1 Related Articles]
- Geoffroy's cat
- South American cat of the family Felidae, found in mountainous regions, especially in Argentina. It is gray or brown with black markings and grows to a length of about 90 ...
- Geoffroy, Etienne-Francois
- French chemist, the first chemist to speak of affinity in terms of fixed attractions between different bodies.
- geognosy
- (from the article "Werner, Abraham Gottlob") A distinguishing feature of Werner's teaching was the care with which he taught the study of rocks and minerals and the orderly succession of geological formations, a subject that he ...
- geographic dialect
- (from the article "dialect") The most widespread type of dialectal differentiation is geographic. As a rule, the speech of one locality differs at least slightly from that of any other place. Differences between neighbouring ...
- geographic intelligence
- (from the article "intelligence") Gained from studying natural characteristics including terrain, climate, natural resources, transportation, boundaries, and population distribution, military geographic intelligence involves evaluating all such factors that in any way influence military operations.
- geographic mosaic theory of coevolution
- (from the article "community ecology") The study of evolving interactions in natural biological communities has indicated that the long-term dynamics of coevolution may occur over large geographic ranges rather than within local populations. This view ...
- Geographic Names, Board on
- interdepartmental agency of the U.S. government created in 1890 and providing standardized geographic names of foreign and domestic places for use by the federal government. It was established in its ... [1 Related Articles]
- geographic range
- (from the article "lighthouse") ...on large ships he may be 40 feet above the sea. Assuming a light at a height of 100 feet, the range to an observer at 15 feet above the ...
- geographic tongue
- (from the article "glossitis") Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis) refers to the chronic presence of irregularly shaped, bright red areas on the tongue, surrounded by a narrow white zone; normal tongue epithelium may grow ...
- geographic zenith
- (from the article "zenith") ...zenith is defined by gravity; i.e., by sighting up a plumb line. If the line were not deflected by such local irregularities in the Earth's mass as mountains, it would ...
- Geographical and Geological Museum
- (from the article "museums, history of") ...new museums were founded both in the capital cities and in the provinces. Some of these were provided by universities, as in the case of the Geological Museum in Lima, ...
- Geographical Association
- (from the article "geography") ...the Royal Geographical Society defined geography as the scientific study of the interrelationship between society and the environment. In addition, he convened the meeting in 1893 that founded the Geographical ...
- geographical latitude
- (from the article "latitude and longitude") ...of the Equator. Technically there are different kinds of latitude-geographic, astronomical, and geocentric-but there are only minor differences between them. In most common references, geographic latitude (the kind used in ...
- Geographie Universelle
- major French work on regional geography of the entire world. It consists of 15 volumes in 23 parts. The work is known for its vivid characterization and description of each ... [1 Related Articles]
- Geographos
- (from the article "asteroid") Observed light-curve amplitudes for asteroids range from zero to a factor of 6.5, the latter being the case for the Apollo asteroid Geographos. A rotating asteroid shows a light-curve amplitude ...
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